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Educational equity in rural areas has gained growing global attention, yet challenges such as uneven teacher distribution and structural disparities remain significant. This paper compares China’s Teacher Rotation System with Finland’s Non-differentiated Funding Mechanism to examine how differing governance models and socio-cultural contexts shape rural education strategies. China’s centralized approach allows for rapid implementation and targeted redistribution, addressing short-term gaps. In contrast, Finland’s decentralized model--emphasizing teacher trust, strong preparation, and equal funding--supports long-term equity and system resilience. China’s rural education reform could benefit from enhanced teacher professionalization, improved incentives, and equity-based funding frameworks. Drawing on both models, context-sensitive reforms can help build a more inclusive, sustainable, and high-quality rural education system aligned with 21st-century demands.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a group of compounds formed through non-enzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. AGEs can be generated in the body or introduced through dietary sources and smoking. Recent clinical and animal studies have highlighted the significant role of AGEs in various health conditions. These compounds accumulate in nearly all mammalian tissues and are associated with a range of diseases, including diabetes and its complications, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the major diseases linked to AGE accumulation, presenting both clinical and experimental evidence. The pathologies induced by AGEs share common mechanisms across different organs, primarily involving oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and direct protein cross-linking. Interventions targeting AGE-related diseases focus on inhibiting AGE formation using synthetic or natural antioxidants, as well as reducing dietary AGE intake through lifestyle modifications. AGEs are recognized as significant risk factors that impact health and accelerate aging, particularly in individuals with hyperglycemia. Monitoring AGE level and implementing nutritional interventions can help maintain overall health and reduce the risk of AGE-related complications.

To explore the potential precursors of rock instability, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of micro-crack from fracturing to failure, which involves the evolution of fracture size, orientation, source model, and their relationships to the loading. The waveforms of acoustic emission (AE) recorded by the sensor network attached rock sample during laboratory tests provide a data basis for solving these problems, since these observations are directly related to the characteristics of the fracturing sources. Firstly, we investigated the source mechanism, looking at the rise angle and the average frequency (RA-AF) trends during five loading stages in a uniaxial compression test. Results show that the proportion of shear events significantly increases when approaching instability. Secondly, we calculated the moment tensor for each event, considering the uncertainties of P-wave polarity, azimuth, and the takeoff angles of the rays. Moment tensor solutions suggest that there are obviously more crack events than shear events in all loading stages. Moment tensor evolutions confirmed that the decreasing of isotropic component and the increment of double-couple can be used as precursors of rock fracturing development. Considering the limitations of these two methods, it is suggested that we should be concerned more about the proportions of individual failure components and their evolutions over time, instead of absolutely classifying the events into a certain source type.

The formation of a large complex crater is accompanied by the simultaneous formation of coeval sub-geological units that have diverged physical properties, such as a central melt pool and an ejecta blanket. Crater populations formed on different geological units of a given young complex craters usually exhibit different size–frequency distributions (SFDs), but the difference disappears for relatively old craters, e.g., the Copernicus crater with an age of about 800 million years ago (Ma). However, there is a lack of temporal and theoretical constraints on the evolutionary pathway connecting these two SFD end-member states. Here, by observing crater SFDs of complex craters with ages between about 75 Ma and 871 Ma, we find a decrease in the crater SFD difference between coeval geological units with increasing age. The time-dependent crater SFD difference is consistent with modeled production functions with consideration of time-dependent target physical properties. The time dependence of target properties potentially arises from impact-induced damage, which efficiently converts coherent melt into ejecta-like fragments. Our results also imply that the proportion of self-secondary craters to the diameter ≥120 m crater population superposing on the facies of lunar complex craters with age older than crater Tycho is possibly less than 50% and decreases with time.

The health problems caused by heat waves have attracted widespread global attention. High temperature is characterized by human perception before triggering discomfort. Understanding the public perception of high temperature based on social big data can help the relevant authorities to take appropriate countermeasures and reduce the risk of morbidity. Heat-related posts from Sina Microblog platform during the summer of 2023 are collected, and daily maximum temperature data of all meteorological stations across China from 1991 to 2023 is downloaded in the NCEI website. The relationship between public perception and temperature is investigated using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model, the heat attention index, and the heat perception model. The results reveal that 1) Heat-related microblogs are primarily concentrated in the southeastern regions of China. “Complaints About High Temperatures” is the most prominent topic. The most densely distributed regions for the four heat-related topics are Guangdong and Beijing. This distribution is closely related to the climate conditions, economic development levels, and internet penetration. 2) Heat attention index and daily maximum temperature of each province have a similar spatial distribution, while several provinces show discrepancies between the distribution of heat attention index and daily maximum temperature. 3) The daily maximum temperature corresponding to the lowest value of heat attention index in Guangdong is higher than that in other provinces. 4) There are obvious regional differences in the public's ability to heat tolerance and sensitivity. Regions with higher heat tolerance are mainly distributed in the southeastern part of China. People with higher heat sensitivity are mainly concentrated in the central and eastern regions of China. High temperature in Summer brings public discomfort and negative emotions. It is crucial to understand these regional perception differences and take timely measures to prevent heat-related health issues.

Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) has been introduced clinically as an alternative approach for the focal treatment of tumors. MH utilizes the heat generated by the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) when subjected to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). It has become an important topic in the nanomedical field due to their multitudes of advantages towards effective antitumor therapy such as high biosafety, deep tissue penetration, and targeted selective tumor killing. However, in order for MH to progress and to realize its paramount potential as an alternative choice for cancer treatment, tremendous challenges have to be overcome. Thus, the efficiency of MH therapy needs enhancement. In its recent 60-year of history, the field of MH has focused primarily on heating using MNPs for therapeutic applications. Increasing the thermal conversion efficiency of MNPs is the fundamental strategy for improving therapeutic efficacy. Recently, emerging experimental evidence indicates that MNPs-MH produces nano-scale heat effects without macroscopic temperature rise. A deep understanding of the effect of this localized induction heat for the destruction of subcellular/cellular structures further supports the efficacy of MH in improving therapeutic therapy. In this review, the currently available strategies for improving the antitumor therapeutic efficacy of MNPs-MH will be discussed. Firstly, the recent advancements in engineering MNP size, composition, shape, and surface to significantly improve their energy dissipation rates will be explored. Secondly, the latest studies depicting the effect of local induction heat for selectively disrupting cells/intracellular structures will be examined. Thirdly, strategies to enhance the therapeutics by combining MH therapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PDT), and gene therapy will be reviewed. Lastly, the prospect and significant challenges in MH-based antitumor therapy will be discussed. This review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of MH for improving antitumor therapeutic efficacy, which would be of utmost benefit towards guiding the users and for the future development of MNPs-MH towards successful application in medicine.

Replanting disease caused stunted grapevines growth, hindering the healthy and sustainable development of the grape industry. Nitrogen metabolism is closely related to plant growth, however the effect of replanting on nitrogen metabolism in grape have seldom been reported. In this study, we used ‘Beta’ grape ( Vitis riparia × V. labrusca cv.) cuttings as experimental materials to investigate the nitrogen content, nitrogen uptake behavior, and ammonium transporter genes ( AMT ) expression levels in grapevines after replanting. The results indicated the total nitrogen content in both the roots and leaves of the replanted grapevines decreased. After replanting, the net influx rate of NO 3 − into grapevine roots decreased, whereas that of NH 4 + increased. The Ndff (Nitrogen derived from fertilizer) of 15 N-NH 4 + in the roots of replanted grapevines increased, and the 15 N-NH 4 + distribution ratio in the stems of replanted grapevines decreased compared to that in the CK. In total, 12 AMT genes were identified in the grape genome. The RT-qPCR results revealed that the transcript levels of the 12 VlAMT genes in grapevine roots displayed dynamic changes, and VlAMT2.1 and VlAMT4.1 increased significantly on the 96th d after replanting. Further studies showed that VlAMT4.1 is localized on the plasma membrane and has ammonium transport function. Therefore, grapevines altered the expression level of the AMT gene in roots under replanting conditions and exhibited a preference for the uptake of ammonium nitrogen.

A significant warming is projected in Antarctic climate change under high CO2 forcing, involving complex interactions between ocean and land surfaces. While previous studies have emphasized the seasonal mechanism driving Antarctic ocean surface warming, the processes governing land surface warming remain less explored. Here we show that, under abrupt quadrupled CO2 forcing, Antarctic land surface experiences uniform warming throughout the year, primarily driven by poleward atmospheric heat transport, with latent energy transport playing a dominant role. This moisture‐related transport not only delivers energy but also amplifies the water vapor feedback, significantly contributing to the warming. Our findings suggest that the discrepancies in representing these atmospheric processes across models, contribute substantially to the uncertainties in Antarctic land surface warming projections. The result emphasizes the need for improved understanding of the atmospheric dynamics in polar regions to reduce model uncertainties under future climate scenarios. Plain Language Summary To project the surface warming of Antarctic under high‐emission scenarios, we utilize the pre‐industrial and abrupt quadrupled CO2 (abrupt‐4 × CO2) experiments from 18 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models. The surface temperature response is analyzed using the climate feedback‐response analysis method. Our research highlights significant warming differences between the ocean and land surfaces: the ocean surface exhibits strong winter warming and weak summer warming attributable to the seasonal energy transfer mechanism; in contrast, land surface warming is relatively weak and more uniform throughout the year, primarily driven by poleward atmospheric heat transport (AHT), with latent energy (LE) transport playing a central role in both energy delivery and the amplification of water vapor (WV) feedback. The inter‐model spread in land warming is closely tied to the variations in the strength of AHT, particularly the transport of LE, which influences regional WV content. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for advancing future climate changes in the Antarctic region. Key Points Meridional Atmospheric heat transport (AHT), particularly latent energy (LE) transport, serves as the primary driver of Antarctic land warming LE transport delivers heat to Antarctic land surface, boosting moisture and amplifying the regional water vapor feedback The uncertainty in Antarctic land warming projections is closely linked to variations in the strength of AHT

With the continuous increase in wind power penetration in power systems, accurately assessing the maximum wind power capacity that the power grid can accommodate has become an important issue. The reactive power support capability of the power grid directly affects its voltage stability, thereby limiting the capacity for wind power integration. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method for assessing the wind power penetration limit (WPPL) considering voltage stability. Firstly, the reduced-order Jacobian matrix of the power system is employed to mechanistically analyze the impact of wind power integration on modal eigenvalues. Secondly, the analytical calculation method for WPPL under the voltage stability constraint is proposed with theoretical derivation. Subsequently, case studies are conducted on a constructed wind-integrated power system and a modified IEEE 39-bus system. Comparisons with other methods validate that the proposed method can rapidly and effectively estimate the WPPL. Finally, the key factors affecting the WPPL are analyzed, and practical engineering measures to improve the WPPL are summarized, offering valuable technical support for power grid planning.

Precise genetic modifications in model animals are essential for biomedical research. Here, we report a programmable “base editing” system to induce precise base conversion with high efficiency in zebrafish. Using cytidine deaminase fused to Cas9 nickase, up to 28% of site-specific single-base mutations are achieved in multiple gene loci. In addition, an engineered Cas9-VQR variant with 5′-NGA PAM specificities is used to induce base conversion in zebrafish. This shows that Cas9 variants can be used to expand the utility of this technology. Collectively, the targeted base editing system represents a strategy for precise and effective genome editing in zebrafish. The use of base editing enables precise genetic modifications in model animals. Here the authors show high efficient single-base editing in zebrafish using modified Cas9 and its VQR variant with an altered PAM specificity.