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المسيرة الجديدة للإصلاح الاقتصادي في الصين
يدور الكتاب حول سياسة الصين \"الإصلاح والانفتاح\" في عام 1978، وعلى مدار أكثر من ثلاثين عاما، تحقيق نهضة اقتصادية جذبت إليها أنظار العالم أجمع. حيث أدت قوة الاستثمارات والصادرات الصينية إلى نمو سريع في الناتج المحلي الإجمالي، غير أن هذا النموذج لم يعد قابلا للاستمرار بسبب فائض الطاقة الإنتاجية وضعف الطلب العالمي، الأمر الذي دفع القيادة الصينية إلى تبنى خطة جديدة لدفع الإصلاح الاقتصادي، وهذا ما يعرضه الكتاب من خلال تحليل وعرض حزمة من \"القرارات المتعلقة بعدد من القضايا بشأن تعميق الإصلاح على نحو شامل، والتي تعد وثيقة للإصلاح الشامل الذي تتبناه الدولة الصينية في سعيها الدؤوب نحو تأسيس مجتمع رغيد.
BOOK
An ensemble deep learning model for author identification through multiple features
One of the challenges in the natural language processing is authorship identification. The proposed research will improve the accuracy and stability of authorship identification by creating a new deep learning framework that combines the features of various types in a self-attentive weighted ensemble framework. Our approach enhances generalization to a great extent by combining a wide range of writing styles representations such as statistical features, TF-IDF vectors, and Word2Vec embeddings. The different sets of features are fed through separate Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) so that the specific stylistic features can be extracted. More importantly, a self-attention mechanism is presented to smartly combine the results of these specialized CNNs so that the model can dynamically learn the significance of each type of features. The summation of the representation is then passed into a weighted SoftMax classifier with the aim of optimizing performance by taking advantage of the strengths of individual branches of the neural network. The suggested model was intensively tested on two different datasets, Dataset A, which included four authors, and Dataset B, which included thirty authors. Our method performed better than the baseline state-of-the-art methods by at least 3.09% and 4.45% on Dataset A and Dataset B respectively with accuracy of 80.29% and 78.44%, respectively. This self-attention-augmented multi-feature ensemble approach is very effective, with significant gains in state-of-the-art accuracy and robustness metrics of author identification.
Journal Article
The royal bee
In the days when only wealthy Korean children are allowed to attend school, a poor boy named Song-ho learns by listening outside a schoolroom door, which eventually earns him a chance to better himself and make life easier for his widowed mother.
Book
Effects of N and P additions on twig traits of wild apple (Malus sieversii) saplings
Background
Wild apple (
Malus sieversii
) is under second-class national protection in China and one of the lineal ancestors of cultivated apples worldwide. In recent decades, the natural habitation area of wild apple trees has been seriously declining, resulting in a lack of saplings and difficulty in population regeneration. Artificial near-natural breeding is crucial for protecting and restoring wild apple populations, and adding nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) is one of the important measures to improve the growth performance of saplings. In this study, field experiments using N (CK, N1, N2, and N3: 0, 10, 20, and 40 g m
− 2
yr
− 1
, respectively), P (CK, P1, P2, and P3: 0, 2, 4, and 8 g m
− 2
yr
− 1
, respectively), N20P
x
(CK, N2P1, N2P2, and N2P3: N20P2, N20P4 and N20P8 g m
− 2
yr
− 1
, respectively), and N
x
P4 (CK, N1P2, N2P2, and N3P2: N10P4, N20P4, and N40P4 g m
− 2
yr
− 1
, respectively) treatments (totaling 12 levels, including one CK) were conducted in four consecutive years. The twig traits (including four current-year stem, 10 leaf, and three ratio traits) and comprehensive growth performance of wild apple saplings were analyzed under different nutrient treatments.
Results
N addition had a significantly positive effect on stem length, basal diameter, leaf area, and leaf dry mass, whereas P addition had a significantly positive effect on stem length and basal diameter only. The combination of N and P (N
x
P4 and N20P
x
) treatments evidently promoted stem growth at moderate concentrations; however, the N20P
x
treatment showed a markedly negative effect at low concentrations and a positive effect at moderate and high concentrations. The ratio traits (leaf intensity, leaf area ratio, and leaf to stem mass ratio) decreased with the increase in nutrient concentration under each treatment. In the plant trait network, basal diameter, stem mass, and twig mass were tightly connected to other traits after nutrient treatments, indicating that stem traits play an important role in twig growth. The membership function revealed that the greatest comprehensive growth performance of saplings was achieved after N addition alone, followed by that under the N
x
P4 treatment (except for N40P4).
Conclusions
Consequently, artificial nutrient treatments for four years significantly but differentially altered the growth status of wild apple saplings, and the use of appropriate N fertilizer promoted sapling growth. These results can provide scientific basis for the conservation and management of wild apple populations.
Journal Article
Epigenetic variation creates potential for evolution of plant phenotypic plasticity
Heritable variation in plant phenotypes, and thus potential for evolutionary change, can in principle not only be caused by variation in DNA sequence, but also by underlying epigenetic variation. However, the potential scope of such phenotypic effects and their evolutionary significance are largely unexplored.
Here, we conducted a glasshouse experiment in which we tested the response of a large number of epigenetic recombinant inbred lines (epiRILs) of Arabidopsis thaliana – lines that are nearly isogenic but highly variable at the level of DNA methylation – to drought and increased nutrient conditions.
We found significant heritable variation among epiRILs both in the means of several ecologically important plant traits and in their plasticities to drought and nutrients. Significant selection gradients, that is, fitness correlations, of several mean traits and plasticities suggest that selection could act on this epigenetically based phenotypic variation.
Our study provides evidence that variation in DNA methylation can cause substantial heritable variation of ecologically important plant traits, including root allocation, drought tolerance and nutrient plasticity, and that rapid evolution based on epigenetic variation alone should thus be possible.
Journal Article
Diplomacy of quasi-alliances in the Middle East
Quasi-alliance refers to the ideation, mechanism and behavior of policy-makers to carry out security cooperation through informal political and security arrangements. As a \"gray zone\" between alliance and neutrality, quasi-alliance is a hidden national security statecraft. Based on declassified archives and secondary sources, this book probes the theory and practice of quasi-alliances in the Middle East. Four cases are chosen to test the hypotheses of quasi-alliance, one of which is the Anglo-French-Israeli quasi-alliance during the Suez Canal War of 1956.
Book
Mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives
Sepsis is a severe medical condition characterized by a systemic inflammatory response, often culminating in multiple organ dysfunction and high mortality rates. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the pivotal role played by mitochondrial damage in driving the progression of sepsis. Various factors contribute to mitochondrial impairment during sepsis, encompassing mechanisms such as reactive nitrogen/oxygen species generation, mitophagy inhibition, mitochondrial dynamics change, and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Damaged mitochondria actively participate in shaping the inflammatory milieu by triggering key signaling pathways, including those mediated by Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase. Consequently, there has been a surge of interest in developing therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria to mitigate septic pathogenesis. This review aims to delve into the intricate mechanisms underpinning mitochondrial dysfunction during sepsis and its significant impact on immune dysregulation. Moreover, we spotlight promising mitochondria-targeted interventions that have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in preclinical sepsis models.
Journal Article
Microglia exacerbate white matter injury via complement C3/C3aR pathway after hypoperfusion
Microglial activation participates in white matter injury after cerebral hypoperfusion. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we explore whether activated microglia aggravate white matter injury via complement C3-C3aR pathway after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 80) underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 7, 14, and 28 days. Cerebral vessel density and blood flow were examined by synchrotron radiation angiography and three-dimensional arterial spin labeling. Neurobehavioral assessments, CLARITY imaging, and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate activation of microglia and C3-C3aR pathway. Furthermore, C3aR knockout mice were used to establish the causal relationship of C3-C3aR signaling on microglia activation and white matter injury after hypoperfusion.
: Cerebral vessel density and blood flow were reduced after hypoperfusion (
0.05). Spatial learning and memory deficits and white matter injury were shown (
0.05). These impairments were correlated with aberrant microglia activation and an increase in the number of reactive microglia adhering to and phagocytosed myelin in the hypoperfusion group (
0.05), which were accompanied by the up-regulation of complement C3 and its receptors C3aR (
0.05). Genetic deletion of
significantly inhibited aberrant microglial activation and reversed white matter injury after hypoperfusion (
0.05). Furthermore, the C3aR antagonist SB290157 decreased the number of microglia adhering to myelin (
0.05), attenuated white matter injury and cognitive deficits in chronic hypoperfusion rats (
0.05).
: Our results demonstrated that aberrant activated microglia aggravate white matter injury via C3-C3aR pathway during chronic hypoperfusion. These findings indicate C3aR plays a critical role in mediating neuroinflammation and white matter injury through aberrant microglia activation, which provides a novel therapeutic target for the small vessel disease and vascular dementia.
Journal Article
Clustering and halogen effects enabled red/near-infrared room temperature phosphorescence from aliphatic cyclic imides
Pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials become increasingly important in advanced optoelectronic and bioelectronic applications. Current phosphors based on small aromatic molecules show emission characteristics generally limited to short wavelengths. It remains an enormous challenge to achieve red and near-infrared (NIR) RTP, particularly for those from nonaromatics. Here we demonstrate that succinimide derived cyclic imides can emit RTP in the red (665, 690 nm) and NIR (745 nm) spectral range with high efficiencies of up to 9.2%. Despite their rather limited molecular conjugations, their unique emission stems from the presence of the imide unit and heavy atoms, effective molecular clustering, and the electron delocalization of halogens. We further demonstrate that the presence of heavy atoms like halogen or chalcogen atoms in these systems is important to facilitate intersystem crossing as well as to extend through-space conjugation and to enable rigidified conformations. This universal strategy paves the way to the design of nonconventional luminophores with long wavelength emission and for emerging applications.
Pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials become increasingly important but achieving red and near-infrared (NIR) RTP remains challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate that succinimide derived cyclic imides can emit RTP in the red and NIR spectral range with outstanding efficiencies of up to 9.2%.
Journal Article