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The digital age has fueled a surge in ADHD self-diagnosis as people turn to online platforms for mental health information. However, the relationship between validation-seeking behaviors and self-perception in these online communities and users’ self-perception has received limited scholarly focus. Drawing on self-verification theory and utilizing natural language processing to analyze 452,026 posts from the r/ADHD subreddit, our study uncovers distinct patterns in validation-seeking behaviors. Results show that (a) self-diagnosed individuals with ADHD are more likely to seek social validation and media validation and to report higher levels of negative self-image and internalized stigma than clinically diagnosed individuals, (b) social validation was strongly associated with both positive and negative self-perceptions; and (c) diagnosis status significantly moderated these relationships, such that the effects of social validation on self-image and stigma were consistently weaker for the self-diagnosed group. Theoretically, this study extends self-verification theory by demonstrating that professional verification hierarchically moderates self-verification effectiveness. This implies a practical need for clinicians to acknowledge online validation seeking and for digital communities to affirm user experiences while mitigating stigma.

A digital-enabled safety management approach is increasingly crucial for crane operations, which are common yet highly hazardous activities sensitive to environmental dynamics on construction sites. However, there exists a knowledge gap regarding the current status and developmental trajectory of this approach. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of digital technologies for enhancing crane safety, drawing insights from articles published between 2008 and 2021. Special emphasis is placed on the sensing devices currently in use for gathering “man-machine-environment” data, as well as the communication networks, data processing algorithms, and intuitive visualization platforms employed. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the literature, it is evident that while notable advancements have been made in digital-enabled crane safety management, these achievements remain largely confined to the experimentation stage. Consequently, a framework is proposed in this study to facilitate the practical implementation of digital-enabled crane safety management. Furthermore, recommendations for future research directions are presented. This comprehensive review offers valuable guidance for ensuring safe crane operations in the construction industry.

Heydari et al. present an intriguing study examining the role of three long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)—H19, taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1), and colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE)—in the context of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), focusing on their diagnostic potential and biological significance. The authors argue that these lncRNAs play a role in inflammatory and fibrotic processes associated with COVID-19 and demonstrate their potential utility as biomarkers using machine learning-based predictive models. While the study offers significant contributions to the field, there are limitations in its methodology, interpretative depth, and generalizability that merit closer examination. This commentary critically evaluates the findings, suggesting avenues for refinement and further research.

Nanogels have come out as a great potential drug delivery platform due to its prominently high colloidal stability, high drug loading, core-shell structure, good permeation property and can be responsive to environmental stimuli. Such nanoscopic drug carriers have more excellent abilities over conventional nanomaterials for permeating to brain parenchyma in vitro and in vivo . Nanogel-based system can be nanoengineered to bypass physiological barriers via non-invasive treatment, rendering it a most suitable platform for the management of neurological conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders, brain tumors, epilepsy and ischemic stroke, etc. Therapeutics of central nervous system (CNS) diseases have shown marked limited site-specific delivery of CNS by the poor access of various drugs into the brain, due to the presences of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). Hence, the availability of therapeutics delivery strategies is considered as one of the most major challenges facing the treatment of CNS diseases. The primary objective of this review is to elaborate the newer advances of nanogel for CNS drugs delivery, discuss the early preclinical success in the field of nanogel technology and highlight different insights on its potential neurotoxicity.

In this study, we used MTT assays to demonstrate that a combination of SPIO-Serum and wild-type p53 overexpression can reduce ovarian cancer cell viability . Prussian blue staining and iron assays were used to determine changes in intracellular iron concentration following SPIO-Serum treatment. TEM was used to evaluate any mitochondrial damage induced by SPIO-Serum treatment, and Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of the iron transporter and lipid peroxidation regulator proteins. JC-1 was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS levels were estimated by flow cytometry. Finally, xCT protein expression and mitochondrial ROS levels were confirmed using fluorescence microscopy. SPIO-Serum effectively induced lipid peroxidation and generated abundant toxic ROS. It also facilitated the downregulation of GPX4 and xCT, ultimately resulting in iron-dependent oxidative death. These effects could be reversed by iron chelator DFO and lipid peroxidation inhibitor Fer-1. SPIO-Serum treatment disrupted intracellular iron homeostasis by regulating iron uptake and the cells presented with missing mitochondrial cristae and ruptured outer mitochondrial membranes. Moreover, we were able to show that p53 contributed to SPIO-Serum-induced ferroptosis in ovarian cancer cells. SPIO-Serum induced ferroptosis and overexpressed p53 contributed to ferroptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Our data provide a theoretical basis for ferroptosis as a novel cell death phenotype induced by nanomaterials.

Background The timing of surgical intervention for Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) has been a topic of continued discussion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the significance of age at surgery in the management of HSCR by conducting a comparative analysis of the correlation between surgical age and midterm outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of children with HSCR who underwent one-stage laparoscopic assisted pull-through surgery with modified Swenson technology at our hospital between 2015 and 2019. The study population was stratified into two groups based on surgical age: patients who underwent surgery within a period of less than 3 months and those who underwent surgery between 3 and 12 months. The basic conditions, complications at 3–7 years after surgery, anal function (Rintala scale) and quality of life (PedsQLTM4.0) were compared between the groups. Results A total of 235 children (196 males and 39 females) were included in the study. No statistically significant differences in postoperative bowel function ( P  = 0.968) or quality of life ( P  = 0.32) were found between the two groups. However, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) among individuals under the age of three months prior to undergoing surgical intervention (69.1%) compared to the incidence observed postsurgery (30.9%). This difference was statistically significant ( P  < 0.001). Conclusion In the current study, the age at which surgery was performed did not exhibit a discernible inclination towards influencing mid-term anal function or quality of life. Early surgical intervention can effectively diminish the occurrence of HAEC, minimize the extent of bowel resection, and expedite the duration of the surgical procedure.

Tachykinins (TKs), a conserved family of neuropeptides, play critical roles in regulating multiple physiological processes such as feeding and energy metabolism in insects. This study identified the TK gene (ApTK) from the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, an economically important insect species. Bioinformatic analysis showed that ApTK possesses four FX1GX2R motifs (X1 and X2 represent variable amino acid residues), comprising FMGVR, FYGVR, FIGVR, and FFGMR, in the C-terminus and shares a close phylogenetic relationship with TKs from Bombyx mori and Manduca sexta. Tissue-specific expression profiling demonstrated that ApTK was mainly expressed in the brain and midgut. Starvation–refeeding experiments showed that the expression of ApTK was significantly upregulated during food deprivation and returned to baseline after refeeding, evincing its involvement in hunger signaling. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of ApTK led to a significant increase in larval body weight and increased levels of triglyceride, glycogen, and trehalose, indicating enhanced energy storage. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ApTK acts as a key regulator in restraining feeding and modulating energy homeostasis in A. pernyi. Our findings provide insights into the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying feeding behavior and energy metabolism in A. pernyi.

This paper critically examines the study by Brizzi et al., which applied explainable machine learning to predict short-term treatment outcomes in patients hospitalized for anorexia nervosa (AN). While the study presents an innovative and promising methodological framework, important conceptual and practical issues warrant further scrutiny. Chief among these is the reliance on body mass index (BMI) change as the sole proxy for treatment efficacy. This unidimensional metric, though pragmatic in acute inpatient settings, fails to capture the broader psychological and behavioral dimensions integral to AN recovery. The paper also interrogates the clinical applicability of machine learning tools, emphasizing both their potential to illuminate complex predictive patterns and the challenges they pose in terms of data sufficiency, interpretability, and real-world integration. Moreover, the identification of body uneasiness, interpersonal difficulties, and personal alienation as key predictive factors aligns with established theoretical models of AN, reinforcing the need for targeted psychotherapeutic interventions. However, further research is needed to explore how such predictors interact with specific treatment modalities and influence long-term outcomes. Overall, this paper underscores the value of integrating psychological variables into predictive modeling while cautioning against reductive interpretations of recovery in complex psychiatric disorders.

Objective The objective of this study is twofold. Firstly, it will investigate the changes in the levels of immune-inflammatory factors before and after lymph node resection in patients with gynecological malignancies, and their clinical significance. Secondly, it will provide a theoretical basis for clinical, individualized therapy. Methods A total of 90 patients diagnosed with gynecological malignancies were selected for this study. These patients were diagnosed in the gynecology department of a tertiary general hospital from August 2024 to June 2026. The study included 30 cases of cervical cancer (CC), 30 cases of endometrial cancer (EC), and 30 cases of ovarian cancer (OC). The patients were divided into two groups, a lymph node biopsy (LNB) group and a lymph node dissection (LND) group, according to the type of gynecological malignancy and specific disease characteristics, and with reference to international authoritative guidelines. The number of patients in each group was 45. All patients received standardized treatment according to the relevant guidelines and expert consensus for each type of malignancy. 10 ml of peripheral venous blood was collected on an empty stomach 1 day before lymph node resection, 3 days after discontinuing antibiotics after surgery, and 3 months after surgery. The proportions of T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, in addition to the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were detected. All patients included in the study were closely observed post-surgery, with survival status information collected. The relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of the patients were calculated. Results There were no statistically significant disparities between the two patient groups with regard to age, BMI, menopausal status, and marital status ( P  > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed in indicators such as pathological FIGO stage, tumor size, number of dissected lymph nodes, and maximum lymph node diameter ( P  < 0.05). Prior to undergoing surgical intervention, no statistically significant disparities were observed in the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and immune factor indicators between the two groups. Three days after surgery, the increase in IL-6 and TNF-α in the dissection group was more significant. The decrease in CD3 + and CD4 + cells was considerably more pronounced than that observed in the biopsy group, while the decline in the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio was more evident and the decrease in CD16 + CD56 + cells was more substantial. Three months after surgery, the inflammatory indicators of the two groups were close to the preoperative levels, but the immune factor indicators had not yet returned to the preoperative state. The levels of CD4 + and CD16 + CD56 + in the dissection group were still lower than those in the biopsy group ( P  < 0.05). Univariate analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between stages Ⅳ and Ⅳ of the pathological FIGO stage and tumor size with RFS. Multivariate analysis further confirmed that stage Ⅳ (hazard ratio [ HR ] = 32.277, P  < 0.01), stage Ⅳ ( HR  = 36.624, P  < 0.001), and CD4 + at 3 months after surgery ( HR  = 0.848, P  < 0.01) were significantly associated with RFS. In univariate analysis, stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ of the pathological FIGO stage, tumor size, and a history of diabetes were associated with OS. Multivariate analysis indicated that CD16 + CD56 + at 3 months after surgery was an independent key factor affecting OS ( HR  = 0.490, P  < 0.01). Conclusion Lymph node resection in gynecological malignancy patients is associated with changes in inflammatory and immune factors. The LND group is associated with a stronger early post-surgery inflammatory response, more significant changes in immune factors, more obvious immunosuppression, and slower recovery. The CD4 + level at 3 months post-surgery is associated with RFS, and CD16 + CD56 + is associated with OS. These immune indicators help clinicians assess prognosis and plan individualized therapy.