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The construction and design of highly efficient and inexpensive bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts substitute for noble-metal-based catalysts is highly desirable for the development of rechargeable Zn-air battery (ZAB). In this work, a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts of based on ultrafine CoFe alloy (4-5 nm) dispersed in defects enriched hollow porous Co-N-doped carbons, made by annealing SiO 2 coated zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) encapsulated Fe ions. The hollow porous structure not only exposed the active sites inside ZIF-67, but also provided efficient charge and mass transfer. The strong synergetic coupling among high-density CoFe alloys and Co-N x sites in Co, N-doped carbon species ensures high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. First-principles simulations reveal that the synergistic promotion effect between CoFe alloy and Co-N site effectively reduced the formation energy of from O* to OH*. The optimized CoFe-Co@PNC exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic stability and activity with the overpotential of only 320 mV for OER at 10 mA·cm −2 and the half-wave potential of 0.887 V for ORR, outperforming that of most recent reported bifunctional electrocatalysts. A rechargeable ZAB constructed with CoFe-Co@PNC as the air cathode displays long-term cyclability for over 200 h and high power density (152.8 mW·cm −2 ). Flexible solid-state ZAB with our CoFe-Co@PNC as the air cathode possesses a high open circuit potential (OCP) up to 1.46 V as well as good bending flexibility. This universal structure design provides an attractive and instructive model for the application of nanomaterials derived from MOF in the field of sustainable flexible energy applications device.

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a multifactorial condition closely associated with deficits in knee and hip muscle strength, aberrant movement patterns, and psychological factors. These factors not only contribute to the onset and recurrence of pain but also influence patients’ responsiveness to rehabilitation interventions. This study aimed to evaluate how patients with PFP characterized by different baseline profiles respond to a combined intervention of patient education and exercise (EDU + EX) compared with exercise alone (EX). The findings are expected to provide empirical evidence supporting the precision and personalization of PFP rehabilitation strategies, while reducing unnecessary intervention costs associated with the indiscriminate implementation of patient education programs. Participants were randomly assigned to either the EDU + EX group or the EX group for an 8-week rehabilitation intervention, followed by a 20-week post-intervention assessment. The primary outcome measure was patellofemoral joint load. Potential effect modifiers included body mass index, Anterior Knee Pain Scale score, pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, hip–knee kinematic parameters, and hip and knee muscle strength. A linear mixed-effects model was employed to examine how these patient-specific characteristics influenced responsiveness to the EDU + EX and EX interventions. Compared with baseline, patellofemoral joint load was significantly reduced after 8 weeks of intervention in both the EDU + EX group (3.46, P  = 0.0013) and the EX group (3.38, P  < 0.001). Patients with PFP exhibiting gluteus minimus strength < 8.37 N/kg (2.93, 95% CI: − 6.28 to 0.42), gluteus medius strength < 16.82 N/kg (–3.46, 95% CI: − 7.14 to 0.50), vastus lateralis strength < 44.87 N/kg (1.86, 95% CI: − 5.03 to 1.31), or a Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia score > 37 (–11.45, 95% CI: − 15.47 to − 2.13) were more likely to benefit from the EDU + EX intervention. In contrast, PFP patients with gluteus minimus strength > 8.37 N/kg (3.29, 95% CI: − 0.58 to 7.15) or vastus lateralis strength > 44.87 N/kg (4.15, 95% CI: 1.37 to 6.93) demonstrated greater improvement following the EX intervention. For PFP patients with hip muscle weakness, knee muscle imbalance, or elevated fear of movement, the EDU + EX intervention demonstrates superior comprehensive benefits by improving postural control and cognitive–behavioral adaptation, thereby enhancing rehabilitation outcomes. In contrast, for patients with sufficient hip and knee strength and stable psychological profiles, the EX intervention alone appears adequate to meet rehabilitation demands. This stratified intervention strategy may enhance the efficiency of resource utilization while maintaining therapeutic effectiveness.

The dream of levitating an object with ultra-low power consumption has been a long-standing one. The rapid advancement of rare-earth magnetic materials in recent years has made the permanent-electromagnetic suspension (PEMS) technology a viable option for achieving zero-power levitation. This work presents a quantitative analysis of the zero-power PEMS system through theoretical modelling, numerical simulation, and experimental investigation. Traditionally, the magnetic force of the PEMS system is characterised with respect to the coil current and the absolute floating distance, leading to a highly nonlinear critical proportional (P) gain and significant uncertainty for the distance controller. This work proposes a transformed magnetic force model for the zero-power PEMS system, where the floating distance is measured by the Hall-effect-based distance sensor based on the magnetic flux density induced by the floating magnet. This approach ensures that the critical P gain becomes approximately constant over a wide range of the payload, allowing for a fixed P gain to maintain a sufficient stability margin. Nevertheless, the zero-power PEMS experiment confirms the effectiveness of the transformed model, demonstrating the loading capacity from 245 to 1205 g with an unchanged P gain.

The rational control of the active site of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived nanomaterials is essential to build efficient bifunctional oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) catalysts. Accordingly, through designing and constructing a Co 3 O 4 -Co heterostructure embedded in Co, N co-doped carbon polyhedra derived (Co 3 O 4 -Co@NC) from the in-situ compositions of ZIF-67 and cobalt nanocrystals synthesized by the strategy of in-situ NaBH 4 reduction, the dual-active site (Co 3 O 4 -Co and Co-N x ) is synchronously realized in a MOFs derived nanomaterials. The formed Co 3 O 4 -Co@NC shows excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity with ultra-small potential gap (Δ E = E j =10 (OER) − E 1/2 (ORR)) of 0.72 V, which surpasses the commercial Pt/C and RuO 2 catalysts. The theory calculation results reveal that the excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity can be attributed to the charge redistribution of Co of Co-N x induced by the synergistic effects of well-tuned active sites of Co 3 O 4 -Co nanoparticle and Co-N x , thus optimizing the rate-determining step of the desorption of O 2 * intermediate in ORR and OH* intermediate in OER. The rechargeable Zn-air batteries with our bifunctional catalysts exhibit superior performance as well as high cycling stability. This simple-effective optimization strategy offers prospects for tuning the active site of MOF derived bifunctional catalyst in electrochemical energy devices.

Conventional structural design studies often prioritize mechanical metrics, yet lack a unified narrative that renders the aesthetic expression of form both quantifiable and verifiable. To address this gap, we develop a GAN-based framework for biomimetic topology fusion generation, leveraging Cycle-Consistent GANs (CycleGAN) to learn bidirectional mappings and morphological translations between two classes of natural prototypes under unpaired supervision: performance-oriented morphologies (e.g., dragonfly wing venation and leaf venation), which exhibit high structural efficiency but comparatively weak visual order, and aesthetics-oriented patterns (e.g., honeycomb cells and pinecone spirals), which display pronounced geometric regularity and proportional structure but limited load-bearing capacity. Through cross-domain translation and fusion, the model synthesizes hybrid topological textures that simultaneously encode cues of structural robustness and ordered geometric features. These synthesized morphologies are subsequently validated via flexural (bending) testing in terms of load-carrying capacity and energy absorption efficiency, and are objectively characterized by a multi-metric aesthetic quantification scheme—computed on binary, vectorized structural maps—covering symmetry, complexity, and order. Across multiple morphology-pair settings, the fusion-generated structures exhibit a more balanced overall profile in both mechanical response and aesthetic metrics, indicating effective synergy between engineering usability and visual expression. In addition, we provide an application example in conceptual form design for orthopedic exoskeletal products, illustrating the cross-domain potential of the proposed approach at the interface of engineering design and aesthetic design.

Background Lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in asthma pathogenesis. However, a comprehensive analysis of the importance of lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) in regulating the immune microenvironment in asthma remains lacking. The transcriptome matrix was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Differentially expressed analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) were conducted on the GSE74986 dataset to select hub LMRGs, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to explore their biological functions. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to determine immune infiltration in the asthma and control groups, and the correlation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cells was performed via Spearman correlation analysis. Subsequently, a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed to investigate the hidden molecular mechanism of asthma. The expression levels of the hub genes were further validated in the GSE143192 dataset, and RT‒qPCR and immunofluorescence were performed to verify the reliability of the results in the OVA asthma model. Lastly, the ceRNA network was confirmed by qRT-PCR and RNAi experiments in the characteristic cytokine (IL-13)-induced asthma cellular model. Results ASAH1 , ACER3 and SGPP1 were identified as hub LMRGs and were mainly involved in protein secretion, mTORC1 signaling, and fatty acid metabolism. We found more infiltration of CD8 + T cells, activated NK cells, and monocytes and less M0 macrophage infiltration in the asthma group than in the healthy control group. In addition, ASAH1 , ACER3 , and SGPP1 were negatively correlated with CD8 + T cells and activated NK cells, but positively correlated with M0 macrophages. Within the ceRNA network, SNHG9 - hsa-miR-615-3p - ACER3 , hsa-miR-212-5p and hsa-miR-5682 may play crucial roles in asthma pathogenesis. The low expression of ASAH1 and SGPP1 in asthma was also validated in the GSE74075 dataset. After SNHG9 knockdown, miR-615-3p expression was significantly upregulated, while that of ACER3 was significantly downregulated. Conclusion ASAH1 , ACER3 and SGPP1 might be diagnostic biomarkers for asthma, and are associated with increased immune system activation. In addition, SNHG9 - hsa-miR-615-3p - ACER3 may be viewed as effective therapeutic targets for asthma. Our findings might provide a novel perspective for future research on asthma.

Purpose To investigate the relationship between the biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during single-leg landing in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) who have different ankle sprain frequencies within a year. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods The incidence of ankle sprains among 74 male participants was meticulously documented over a one-year period. The participants had an average age of 21.78 years, a height of 176.37 cm, and a weight of 72.61 kg. Subsequently, a one-year monitoring period was implemented to assess the incidence of ankle sprains among the participants. The participants were classified into five groups according to their documented frequency of ankle sprains. The categories were as follows: The 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 or more ankle sprain groups. Kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data were collected while participants performed a single-leg landing task. Lower extremity muscle force and ACL loading were modeled using OpenSim software. Results CAI patients with more than four ankle sprains had higher peak ACL loading during single-leg landing than those with only two or three ankle sprains ( P  < 0.05). Additionally, CAI patients with more than four ankle sprains exhibited a limited range of ankle dorsiflexion and biceps femoris muscle force, which was significantly correlated with ACL loading ( P  < 0.05). CAI patients with more than 5 ankle sprains had greater ankle inversion angle, inversion angular velocity, vertical ground reaction force (GRF), rectus femoris muscle strength, and lower gastrocnemius, soleus muscle force during single-leg landing, and these biomechanical indices were significantly correlated with ACL strain ( P  < 0.05). Conclusion Based on these findings, it appears that experiencing four ankle sprains within a year might be a threshold for the development of knee compensation in CAI patients. This compensation could result in a significant increase in ACL loading. The study also found that CAI patients with more than four ankle sprains commonly exhibited altered motor characteristics such as limited ankle dorsiflexion angle, increased ankle inversion angle, excessive vertical GRF, and insufficient gastrocnemius and soleus muscle force during the landing phase. These characteristics might be responsible for the observed increase in ACL loading. In the future, clinical practice and scientific research may benefit from targeted interventions to prevent ACL injuries in CAI patients with different sprain histories, in accordance with the findings of this study. Key points Findings Patients with CAI who have experienced more than four ankle sprains within a year exhibited severe knee compensation and increased ACL load during single-leg landing. Limited ankle dorsiflexion, increased ankle inversion angle, excessive vertical GRF, and insufficient gastrocnemius and soleus muscle strength might increase ACL load in patients with CAI who have experienced more than four ankle sprains within a year. Implications Individuals with a history of more than four ankle sprains should undergo a thorough examination of knee health and receive regular monitoring to prevent the development of ACL injuries. Patients with more than four ankle sprains within a year should focus on increasing ankle dorsiflexion, performing rehabilitation of the ankle evertor, plantar flexor, and hamstring, and consider adjusting the energy absorption patterns of the lower extremity joints to more effectively cushion GRF. Caution This study only explored participants who had experienced 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 or more ankle sprains, and future studies could further subdivide the “6 or more” category so that the results of the study can be more targeted.

This study aimed to establish a risk prediction nomogram model for anterolateral, mediolateral, and posterolateral ankle pain in runners with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and analyse the potential risk factors for pain at different ankle sites. Thirty recreational runners with CAI who reported ankle pain in the anterolateral, mediolateral, or posterolateral regions were recruited for this study. Kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data during running were collected using motion capture system, 3-D force platform, and surface electromyography system. These data were used to generate a dynamic nomogram. The results showed that anterolateral ankle pain in runners with CAI may be caused by insufficient gastrocnemius muscle strength (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73–0.97), excessive ground reaction force (GRF, OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.25–6.22), and an increased percentage of ankle energy absorption (OR 9.11, 95% CI 1.50–77.79). Mediolateral ankle pain might be contributed by greater ankle inversion angle (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.00) and GRF (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.17–4.31). Moreover, posterolateral ankle pain was predicted by increased ankle adduction angle (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.12), increased GRF (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.07–4.80), and decreased dynamic stability (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05–0.68). To prevent ankle pain, runners with CAI should be encouraged to focus on improving the neuroreceptor sensitivity of the gastrocnemius muscles, and retraining their energy absorption patterns.

This study aimed to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limb in patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP) while walking under different sensory integration tasks and elucidate the relationship between these biomechanical characteristics and patellofemoral joint stress (PFJS). Our study's findings may provide insights which could help to establish new approaches to treat and prevent PFP. Overall, 28 male university students presenting with PFP were enrolled in this study. The kinematic and kinetic data of the participants during walking were collected. The effects of different sensory integration tasks including baseline (BL), Tactile integration task (TIT), listening integration task (LIT), visual integration task (VIT) on the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limb were examined using a One-way repeated measures ANOVA. The relationship between the aforementioned biomechanical characteristics and PFJS was investigated using Pearson correlation analysis. The increased hip flexion angle ( = 0.016), increased knee extension moment ( = 0.047), decreased step length ( < 0.001), decreased knee flexion angle ( = 0.010), and decreased cadence ( < 0.001) exhibited by patients with PFP while performing a VIT were associated with increased patellofemoral joint stress. The reduced cadence ( < 0.050) achieved by patients with PFP when performing LIT were associated with increased patellofemoral joint stress. VIT significantly influenced lower limb movement patterns during walking in patients with PFP. Specifically, the increased hip flexion angle, increased knee extension moment, decreased knee flexion angle, and decreased cadence resulting from this task may have increased PFJS and may have contributed to the recurrence of PFP. Similarly, patients with PFP often demonstrate a reduction in cadence when exposed to TIT and LIT. This may be the main trigger for increased PFJS under TIT and LIT.

Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) is a commonly used method for analyzing system reliability. It is frequently applied in identifying weak points in the reliability of CNC machine tools. However, traditional FMECA has issues such as vague descriptions of risk factors, equal treatment of risk factors, and unclear directions for improving weak points. In response to the issue of vague descriptions of risk factors, this paper further expands severity ( S ) into machine hazard ( M ) and personal hazard ( P ), and subdivides detectability ( D ) into functional structural complexity ( D 1 ) and detection cost ( D 2 ). In addressing the issue of treating risk factors equally, this paper integrates Distance Analysis Method (DAM) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to propose Distance-Grey Relational Analysis (D-GRA). Subsequently, based on the D-GRA method, the weights of each risk factor were determined by comprehensively considering expert system scores and actual economic loss indicators. In response to the issue of unclear improvement directions for weak points, this paper introduces the BCC model. It treats common failure modes of CNC machine tools as decision-making units within the BCC model, refines risk factors as input indicators, and evaluates the efficiency values of each decision-making unit based on various actual losses as output indicators. Through efficiency value analysis, it proposes improvement directions for weak points. Then, based on the weights of risk factors and the efficiency values of failure modes, a modified calculation method for the new Risk Priority Number (RPN) is proposed to amend the traditional RPN, This paper takes the electric spindle system of a certain machining center as an example, applies the proposed method to rank common failure modes with the new RPN, and compares it with other RPN calculation methods to verify the rationality of the proposed approach. Finally, it presents improvement directions for reliability enhancement.