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This study develops a novel multi-agent augmented NSGA-II architecture specifically designed to efficiently handle high-dimensional multi-objective optimization challenges in building energy-efficient design. In this paper, the share Q method is abandoned, and a novel crowding evaluation and comparison mechanism is adopted to ensure comprehensive coverage of the quasi-Pareto frontier while maintaining the diversity of the population. After integrating fast non-dominated sorting, the computational pressure of the algorithm can be effectively reduced. The integration of elite strategies further expands the solution space and prevents the omission of optimal solutions, thereby improving the operating efficiency and stability of the algorithm. After an in-depth analysis of 50 actual building examples, the results show that compared with the conventional NSGA-II method, our method optimizes the quality and diversity of Pareto solutions, with an average improvement of 12% and 15% respectively, while significantly shortening the calculation time, bringing an innovative and efficient optimization path to the energy-saving practice of building design.

Diabetes and related complications are estimated to cost US $727 billion worldwide annually. Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes are three subtypes of diabetes that share the same behavioral risk factors. Efforts in lifestyle modification, such as daily physical activity and healthy diets, can reduce the risk of prediabetes, improve the health levels of people with diabetes, and prevent complications. Lifestyle modification is commonly performed in a face-to-face interaction, which can prove costly. Mobile phone apps provide a more accessible platform for lifestyle modification in diabetes. This review aimed to summarize and synthesize the clinical evidence of the efficacy of mobile phone apps for lifestyle modification in different subtypes of diabetes. In June 2018, we conducted a literature search in 5 databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO). We evaluated the studies that passed screening using The Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. We conducted a meta-analysis for each subtype on the mean difference (between intervention and control groups) at the posttreatment glycated hemoglobin (HbA ) level. Where possible, we analyzed subgroups for short-term (3-6 months) and long-term (9-12 months) studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I statistic. We identified total of 2669 articles through database searching. After the screening, we included 26 articles (23 studies) in the systematic review, of which 18 studies (5 type 1 diabetes, 11 type 2 diabetes, and 2 prediabetes studies) were eligible for meta-analysis. For type 1 diabetes, the overall effect on HbA was statistically insignificant (P=.46) with acceptable heterogeneity (I =39%) in the short-term subgroup (4 studies) and significant heterogeneity between the short-term and long-term subgroups (I =64%). Regarding type 2 diabetes, the overall effect on HbA was statistically significant (P<.01) in both subgroups, and when the 2 subgroups were combined, there was virtually no heterogeneity within and between the subgroups (I range 0%-2%). The effect remained statistically significant (P<.01) after adjusting for publication bias using the trim and fill method. For the prediabetes condition, the overall effect on HbA was statistically insignificant (P=.67) with a large heterogeneity (I =65%) between the 2 studies. There is strong evidence for the efficacy of mobile phone apps for lifestyle modification in type 2 diabetes. The evidence is inconclusive for the other diabetes subtypes.

Oceanic submesoscale processes (submesoscales) with O(1–10) km horizontal scale can generate strong vertical buoyancy flux (VBF) that significantly modulate upper‐ocean stratification. Because submesoscales cannot be resolved by the prevailing ocean models, their VBFs have to be properly parameterized in order to improve model performance. Here, based on theoretical scaling analysis, we propose a new parameterization of submesoscale VBF by simultaneously considering mixed‐layer baroclinic instability (MLI) and strain‐induced frontogenesis, which are two leading generation mechanisms of submesoscales that typically co‐occur in open ocean. Compared with the parameterization of Fox‐Kemper et al. (2008, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3792.1; F08) that only considers the MLI, the new parameterization includes mesoscale strain rate and improves vertical structure function. Diagnostic validations based on submesoscale permitting simulation outputs suggest that the newly parameterized VBFs are more realistic than F08 in regard to three‐dimension distributions. How to incorporate this new parameterization into coarser‐grid ocean models, however, needs further studies. Plain Language Summary Oceanic submesoscale processes with spatial scale of O(1–10 km) can generate strong vertical buoyancy flux (VBF) in upper ocean and therefore, they significantly modulate the vertical density distribution (i.e., stratification). Because the prevailing ocean circulation models typically have horizontal resolutions of O(10–100 km), they are unable to resolve the submesoscale VBF. In order to accurately simulate the upper‐ocean stratification, the unresolved VBF needs to be expressed using the resolved larger‐scale quantities, which is called parameterization. Here, based on theoretical scaling analysis, we propose a new parameterization of submesoscale VBF by simultaneously considering contributions from mixed‐layer instability (MLI; baroclinic instability occurring in the mixed layer) and front sharpening induced by mesoscale strain, which are two important generation mechanisms of submesoscales. Compared with the previous parameterization by Fox‐Kemper et al. (2008, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3792.1; F08) that only includes MLI mechanism, the new parameterization has incorporated mesoscale strain rate and improved vertical structure function more realistically. Diagnostic analysis based on high‐resolution simulation outputs demonstrates that the newly parameterized VBFs are more realistic in aspect of both horizontal and vertical distributions than the F08 parameterization. The test and application of this parameterization in ocean models will be a focus of future studies. Key Points A new parameterization of submesoscale vertical buoyancy flux is proposed The parameterization considers simultaneously mixed‐layer baroclinic instability and strain‐induced frontogenesis Performance of the parameterization is diagnostically validated using high‐resolution simulation outputs

We provide firm-level evidence that credit constraints restrict international trade and affect the pattern of multinational activity. We show that foreign affiliates and joint ventures in China have better export performance than private domestic firms in financially more vulnerable sectors. These results are stronger for destinations with higher trade costs and not driven by firm size or other sector characteristics. Our findings are consistent with multinational subsidiaries being less liquidity constrained because they can access foreign capital markets or funding from their parent company. They further suggest that FDI can alleviate the impact of domestic financial market imperfections on trade.

Developing single-site catalysts featuring maximum atom utilization efficiency is urgently desired to improve oxidation-reduction efficiency and cycling capability of lithium-oxygen batteries. Here, we report a green method to synthesize isolated cobalt atoms embedded ultrathin nitrogen-rich carbon as a dual-catalyst for lithium-oxygen batteries. The achieved electrode with maximized exposed atomic active sites is beneficial for tailoring formation/decomposition mechanisms of uniformly distributed nano-sized lithium peroxide during oxygen reduction/evolution reactions due to abundant cobalt-nitrogen coordinate catalytic sites, thus demonstrating greatly enhanced redox kinetics and efficiently ameliorated over-potentials. Critically, theoretical simulations disclose that rich cobalt-nitrogen moieties as the driving force centers can drastically enhance the intrinsic affinity of intermediate species and thus fundamentally tune the evolution mechanism of the size and distribution of final lithium peroxide. In the lithium-oxygen battery, the electrode affords remarkably decreased charge/discharge polarization (0.40 V) and long-term cyclability (260 cycles at 400 mA g −1 ). The performance of Li-O 2 batteries is largely determined by the oxygen electrocatalytic reactions at the cathode. Here, the authors report cobalt single-atom catalysts anchored on carbon nanosheets. The design improves oxygen redox kinetics and enables good electrochemical performance.

Accurately predicting mobile network traffic can help mobile network operators allocate resources more rationally and can facilitate stable and fast network services to users. However, due to burstiness and uncertainty, it is difficult to accurately predict network traffic. Considering the spatio-temporal correlation of network traffic, we proposed a deep-learning model, Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) Spatio-Temporal Convolution Network-Transformer, for time-series prediction based on a CBAM attention mechanism, a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN), and Transformer with a sparse self-attention mechanism. The model can be used to extract the spatio-temporal features of network traffic for prediction. First, we used the improved TCN for spatial information and added the CBAM attention mechanism, which we named CSTCN. This model dealt with important temporal and spatial features in network traffic. Second, Transformer was used to extract spatio-temporal features based on the sparse self-attention mechanism. The experiments in comparison with the baseline showed that the above work helped significantly to improve the prediction accuracy. We conducted experiments on a real network traffic dataset in the city of Milan. The results showed that CSTCN-Transformer reduced the mean square error and the mean average error of prediction results by 65.16%, 64.97%, and 60.26%, and by 51.36%, 53.10%, and 38.24%, respectively, compared to CSTCN, a Long Short-Term Memory network, and Transformer on test sets, which justified the model design in this paper.

Current development of light-responsive materials and technologies imposes an urgent demand on visible-light photoswitching on account of its mild excitation with high penetration ability and low photo-toxicity. However, complicated molecular design and laborious synthesis are often required for visible-light photoswitch, especially for diarylethenes. Worse still, a dilemma is encountered as the visible-light excitation of the diarylethene is often achieved at the expense of photochromic performances. To tackle these setbacks, we introduce a building-block design strategy to achieve all-visible-light photochromism with the triplet-sensitization mechanism. The simply designed diarylethene system is constructed by employing a sensitizer building-block with narrow singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE ST ) to a diarylethene building-block. A significant improvement on the photochromic efficiency is obtained as well as an enhanced photo-fatigue resistance over those under UV irradiation. The balance between the visible-light excitation and decent photochromism is thus realized, promoting a guiding principle for the visible-light photochromism. Development of light-responsive materials imposes a demand on visible-light photoswitching but this is often achieved at expense of photochromic performance. Here the authors use a building-block design to achieve a diarylethene all-visible-light photoswitch with improved photochromic efficiency and enhanced photo-fatigue resistance.

HighlightsThe theoretical knowledge in the field of microwave absorption is summarized in detail.The recent progress of metal–organic frameworks-derived porous carbon-based nanocomposites as microwave absorption materials is reviewed.The development of microwave absorption materials (MAMs) is a considerable important topic because our living space is crowed with electromagnetic wave which threatens human’s health. And MAMs are also used in radar stealth for protecting the weapons from being detected. Many nanomaterials were studied as MAMs, but not all of them have the satisfactory performance. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted tremendous attention owing to their tunable chemical structures, diverse properties, large specific surface area and uniform pore distribution. MOF can transform to porous carbon (PC) which is decorated with metal species at appropriate pyrolysis temperature. However, the loss mechanism of pure MOF-derived PC is often relatively simple. In order to further improve the MA performance, the MOFs coupled with other loss materials are a widely studied method. In this review, we summarize the theories of MA, the progress of different MOF-derived PC‑based MAMs, tunable chemical structures incorporated with dielectric loss or magnetic loss materials. The different MA performance and mechanisms are discussed in detail. Finally, the shortcomings, challenges and perspectives of MOF-derived PC‑based MAMs are also presented. We hope this review could provide a new insight to design and fabricate MOF-derived PC-based MAMs with better fundamental understanding and practical application.

WD repeat and HMG-box DNA binding protein 1 (WDHD1) is a highly conserved gene from yeast to humans. It actively participates in DNA replication, playing a crucial role in DNA damage repair and the cell cycle, contributing to centromere formation and sister chromosome segregation. Notably, several studies have implicated WDHD1 in the development and progression of diverse tumor types, including esophageal carcinoma, pulmonary carcinoma, and breast carcinoma. Additionally, the inhibitor of WDHD1 has been found to enhance radiation sensitivity, improve drug resistance, and significantly decrease tumor cell proliferation. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the molecular structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of WDHD1 in tumors, thereby establishing a foundation for future investigations and potential clinical applications of WDHD1.

Oceanic eddy-induced meridional heat transport (EHT) is an important process in the Southern Ocean heat budget, the variability of which significantly modulates global meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and Antarctic sea-ice extent. Although it is recognized that mesoscale eddies with scales of ~40–300 km greatly contribute to the EHT, the role of submesoscale eddies with scales of ~1–40 km remains unclear. Here, using two state-of-the-art high-resolution simulations (resolutions of 1/48° and 1/24°), we find that submesoscale eddies significantly enhance the total poleward EHT in the Southern Ocean with an enhancement percentage reaching 19–48% in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current band. By comparing the eddy energy budgets between the two simulations, we detect that the primary role of submesoscale eddies is to strengthen mesoscale eddies (and thus their heat transport capability) through inverse energy cascade rather than directly through submesoscale heat fluxes. Due to the submesoscale-mediated enhancement of mesoscale eddies in the 1/48° simulation, the clockwise upper cell and anti-clockwise lower cell of the residual-mean MOC in the Southern Ocean are weakened and strengthened, respectively. This finding identifies a potential route to improve the mesoscale parameterization in climate models for more accurate simulations of the MOC and sea ice variability in the Southern Ocean. Based on two high-resolution simulations, the authors find that submesoscale eddies significantly boost poleward oceanic heat transport in Antarctic waters by strengthening transport capability of mesoscale eddies through inverse energy cascade.