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The large-scale integration of renewable energy into the grid through flexible DC transmission systems has become an inevitable trend in power delivery. Model-based protection schemes, unaffected by power source characteristics, have been widely applied in renewable energy grid-connected systems. However, in a dual-end weakly-fed AC system, this results in significant adaptability issues with existing model-based protection schemes. To address this, this paper proposes an active line model identification protection based on characteristic frequency phase for dual-end weakly-fed AC system. First, this paper investigates the adaptability of conventional model recognition principles in a the dual-ended weakly fed AC system. Building on this, a control strategy is proposed that utilizes Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) for the injection of characteristic frequency signals. The criteria for selecting the injected signals and their extraction methods are outlined. Subsequently, an analysis of the line model under injected characteristic frequency signals is presented, focusing on the differences in the phase characteristics of the line model at various fault locations. Finally, in the PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic simulation platform simulation, combined with empirical wavelet transform and Prony (EWT-Prony) algorithm to extract the characteristic frequency phase of the line model, the effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme is verified. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can withstand high fault impedance (300Ω) and noise interference (25 dB), confirming its robustness and reliability.

Wireless communication using electromagnetic wave carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has attracted increasing interest in recent years and its potential to increase channel capacity has been explored widely. In this paper, we compare the technique of using uniform linear array consist of circular traveling-wave OAM antennas for multiplexing with the conventional multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) communication method and numerical results show that the OAM based MIMO system can increase channel capacity while communication distance is long enough. An equivalent model is proposed to illustrate that the OAM multiplexing system is equivalent to a conventional MIMO system with a larger element spacing, which means OAM waves could decrease the spatial correlation of MIMO channel. In addition, the effects of some system parameters, such as OAM state interval and element spacing, on the capacity advantage of OAM based MIMO are also investigated. Our results reveal that OAM waves are complementary with MIMO method. OAM waves multiplexing is suitable for long-distance line-of-sight (LoS) communications or communications in open area where the multi-path effect is weak and can be used in massive MIMO systems as well.

Background/Objectives: This study aims to examine the relationships between 24-h movement guideline (24HMG) adherence and macronutrient intake, as well as assess dose–response relationships between 24-h movement behaviors and macronutrient intake among students aged 6–17 years. Methods: The study included 3624 participants aged 6 to 17 years from four rounds (2004–2011) of the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Participants’ 24-h movement behaviors and dietary intakes were evaluated. Results: Adherents to physical activity (PA) guideline had higher carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake (all p < 0.05). Those following the screen time (ST) guideline had a higher percentage of dietary energy intake (E%) from carbohydrates but a lower percentage from fat (all p < 0.05). Sleep (SLP) guideline adherents demonstrated lower protein intake and E% (all p < 0.05). PA guideline adherents were less likely to exceed carbohydrate Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.69–0.99), but more likely to surpass fat DRIs (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02–1.40). ST guideline adherents were more likely to exceed carbohydrate DRIs (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11–1.56) and less likely to surpass fat DRIs (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68–0.91). Dose–response analyses showed that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and ST had positive linear associations with carbohydrate intake below DRIs. ST also showed positive linear associations with fat intake above DRIs. MVPA showed a nonlinear relationship with fat intake above DRIs. Conclusions: Among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6–17 years, those who meet the PA guideline should be cautious about the risk of excessive fat intake, while those adhering to the ST guideline should be aware of the risk of excessive carbohydrate intake in their daily diet. For promoting health and maintaining balanced macronutrient intake, MVPA should range from 60 to 90 min per day. This study underscores the importance of adjusting macronutrient intake according to levels of 24-h movement behaviors, especially MVPA and ST.

G-quadruplex (G4) structures are critical epigenetic regulatory elements, which usually form in guanine-rich regions in DNA. However, predicting the formation of G4 structures within living cells remains a challenge. Here, we present an ultra-robust machine learning method, G4Beacon, which utilizes the Gradient-Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) algorithm, coupled with the ATAC-seq data and the surrounding sequences of in vitro G4s, to accurately predict the formation ability of these in vitro G4s in different cell types. As a result, our model achieved excellent performance even when the test set was extremely skewed. Besides this, G4Beacon can also identify the in vivo G4s of other cell lines precisely with the model built on a special cell line, regardless of the experimental techniques or platforms. Altogether, G4Beacon is an accurate, reliable, and easy-to-use method for the prediction of in vivo G4s of various cell lines.

Background Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SED) are closely associated with central obesity in children and adolescents. However, the relationships between out-of-school time PA, SED, and central obesity remain insufficiently explored. This study aimed to examine the independent and joint associations of out-of-school time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SED with the risk of central obesity in children and adolescents. Methods This study used cross-sectional data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) covering the period from 2004 to 2015. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the independent and joint associations between out-of-school MVPA, SED, and central obesity risk. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to assess the corresponding nonlinear associations. Results This study included 4460 participants with a median age of 11 years, of whom 23.6% had central obesity. In models including both MVPA and SED, medium (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.93) and high MVPA groups (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.97) were associated with lower central obesity risk compared with the low MVPA group. The high SED group was associated with a higher central obesity risk compared with the low SED group (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.50). Additionally, a nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed between out-of-school MVPA and central obesity risk (P – nonlinear = 0.021). The joint association of low SED and high MVPA was associated with the lowest risk (44% lower) for central obesity. However, compared to the combination of high SED and low MVPA, neither the high SED and high MVPA group (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.63, 1.11) nor the low SED and low MVPA group (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.60, 1.03) was associated with a lower risk of central obesity. Conclusions This study suggests that higher MVPA and lower SED during out-of-school periods are associated with lower central obesity risk in children and adolescents. Engaging in 30–60 min of out-of-school MVPA per day was associated with the lowest risk of central obesity. For high-SED youth, engaging in medium (rather than high) out-of-school MVPA is associated with lower central obesity risk. In contrast, low-SED individuals need to engage in at least medium levels of out-of-school MVPA to demonstrate an association with lower central obesity risk.

Individual innovative behavior can have important implications for organizations. This article studies the relationship between occupational stress and individual innovative behavior. Data from 139 subjects from the US was analyzed using structural equation modeling as the technique. Results from partial least squares show that there is a positive and significant relationship between both constructs. Moreover, both variables present a U form relationship. Based on this research, it could be concluded that occupational stress could influence positively innovative behavior at work. Practical implications suggest that innovative behavior could be boost by identifying conditions at work that could produce time pressure. Elements such as work overload, feedback and allowing employees to take risks could help in idea generation.

Background Atresia and degeneration, a follicular developmental fate that reduces female fertility and is triggered by granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis, have been induced by dozens of miRNAs. Here, we report a miRNA, miR-423, that inhibits the initiation of follicular atresia (FA), and early apoptosis of GCs. Results We showed that miR-423 was down-regulated during sow FA, and its levels in follicles were negatively correlated with the GC density and the P4/E2 ratio in the follicular fluid in vivo. The in vitro gain-of-function experiments revealed that miR-423 suppresses cell apoptosis, especially early apoptosis in GCs. Mechanically speaking, the miR-423 targets and interacts with the 3'-UTR of the porcine SMAD7 gene, which encodes an apoptosis-inducing factor in GCs, and represses its expression and pro-apoptotic function. Interestingly, FA and the GC apoptosis-related lncRNA NORHA was demonstrated as a ceRNA of miR-423. Additionally, we showed that a single base deletion/insertion in the miR-423 promoter is significantly associated with the number of stillbirths (NSB) trait of sows. Conclusion These results demonstrate that miR-423 is a small molecule for inhibiting FA initiation and GC early apoptosis, suggesting that treating with miR-423 may be a novel approach for inhibiting FA initiation and improving female fertility.

Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the metabolic differences between obese adolescents categorized into low-weight-loss (LWL) and high-weight-loss (HWL) groups. Methods: The objective of this study is to investigate the metabolic characteristics of obese adolescents, with a focus on the statistically significant individual differences observed in weight loss outcomes after the same dietary and exercise training intervention. A four-week exercise and dietary intervention was administered to the participants. Obese adolescents were categorized into LWL (with a weight loss percentage of 5–10%) and HWL (with a weight loss percentage of >10%) groups on the basis of their weight loss outcomes. Post-intervention changes in body morphology and body composition between the two groups were compared using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), with gender as a covariate. Additionally, metabolic changes were analyzed in depth; differential metabolites between the groups were identified through ANCOVA adjusted for gender, followed by pathway analysis. Results: After the four-week exercise intervention, the body morphology and composition of the obese adolescents showed significant improvements compared with those before the intervention (p < 0.001). For example, weight decreased from 80.65 kg to 72.35 kg, BMI decreased from 30.57 kg/m2 to 27.26 kg/m2, waist circumference decreased from 103.64 cm to 94.72 cm, and body fat percentage decreased from 32.68% to 28.54%. Prior to the exercise intervention, no significant differences in body morphology and composition were observed between the HWL and LWL groups (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the HWL group demonstrated significant improvements in weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, fat mass, fat-free mass, body water amount, and skeletal muscle mass compared with the LWL group (p < 0.001). After controlling for the levels of pre-intervention metabolites, 27 differential metabolites were identified between the HWL and LWL groups. These metabolites were categorized into fatty acids, amino acids, organic acids, carnitines, indoles, benzoic acids, and carbohydrates. Notably, they were significantly enriched in the eight metabolic pathways involved in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and coenzyme A biosynthesis. Conclusions: A four-week exercise intervention enhanced the body morphology and physical fitness of obese adolescents, although the degree of weight loss varied among individuals. Considerable weight reduction was significantly correlated with metabolites involved in lipid, amino acid, organic acid, carbohydrate, and gut microbiota metabolism and with the enrichment of pathways involved in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and coenzyme A biosynthesis. These findings indicate that intrinsic metabolic characteristics considerably influence individual responsiveness to exercise-based weight-loss interventions.

Background: Differences in lung function for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) cause bias in the findings when identifying frequent exacerbator phenotype-related causes. The aim of this study was to determine whether computed tomographic (CT) biomarkers and circulating inflammatory biomarkers were associated with the COPD frequent exacerbator phenotype after eliminating the differences in lung function between a frequent exacerbator (FE) group and a non-frequent exacerbator (NFE) group. Methods: A total of 212 patients with stable COPD were divided into a FE group (n=106) and a NFE group (n=106) according to their exacerbation history. These patients were assessed by spirometry, quantitative CT measurements and blood sample measurements during their stable phase. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the association between airway thickening or serum cytokines and the COPD frequent exacerbator phenotype. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for Pi10, WA%, IL-1[beta] and IL-4 to identify frequent exacerbators. Results: Compared with NFE group, FE group had a greater inner perimeter wall thickness of a 10 mm diameter bronchiole (Pi10), a greater airway wall area percentage (WA%) and higher concentrations of IL-1[beta] and IL-4 (p<0.001). After adjusting for sex, age, BMI, FEV1%pred and smoking pack-years, Pi10, WA%, IL-[beta] and IL-4 were independently associated with a frequent exacerbator phenotype (p<0.00i). Additionally, there was an increase in the odds ratio of the frequent exacerbator phenotype with increasing Pi10, WA%, IL-4, and IL-1[beta] (p for trend <0.001). The ROC curve demonstrated that IL-ip had a significantly larger calculated area under the curve (p < 0.05) than Pi10, WA% and IL-4. Conclusion: Pi10, WA%, IL-4, and IL-1[beta] were independently associated with the frequent exacerbator phenotype among patients with stable COPD, suggesting that chronic airway and systemic inflammation contribute to the frequent exacerbator phenotype. Trial Registration: This trial was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( Keywords: COPD, frequent exacerbator phenotype, airway thickening, inflammation

Studies 1 and 2 conduct the initial exploratory factor analysis, test model fit, and examine the convergent as well as discriminant validity of the adapted self-determination scale. Findings - The scale of self-determination regarding experiential consumption has been validated, and its applicability can be extended to various types of experiential products. [...]self-determination, particularly the autonomy and competence dimensions, mediates the relationship between FoMO and purchase intentions regarding experiential products. [...]this study demonstrates an example of an assessment of the association between self-determination and other constructs, such as FoMO and purchase intentions regarding experiential products, in a nomological framework. [...]as the scale implies the motivational facets of self-identity and self-enhancement in exploring experiences, this study demonstrates an example of an assessment of the association between self-determination and other constructs, such as FoMO and purchase intentions regarding experiential products, in a nomological framework.