Explore the vast range of titles available.

Laryngeal cancer (LC) is a significant and persistent therapeutic challenge worldwide. Gitogenin (GIT), a naturally occurring saponin, has demonstrated anticancer activity in lung cancer. However, its potential effects on LC remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic efficacy of GIT and the mechanisms through which it acts against LC by integrating network pharmacology analysis with experimental validation. Potential targets of GIT were established using the PharmMapper database, while LC-associated genes were retrieved from the GeneCards database. Common targets between GIT and LC were determined, and the top 20 genes were chosen for protein-protein and gene-gene interaction (PPI and GGI) network construction. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted. Finally, experiments were performed to validate how GIT affects LC. A total of 96 putative GIT targets for LC were identified. KEGG enrichment identified the PI3K-Akt axis a key regulatory mechanism. experiments provided confirmation that GIT inhibited LC cell proliferation, viability, migratory activity, and invasion ability by modulating PI3K-Akt signaling. Using network pharmacology and experimental validation, it was demonstrated that GIT exerts potent anticancer effects on LC by targeting the PI3K-Akt axis. The present findings suggest the potential of GIT for treating LC.

Cuproptosis is a novel form of copper‐induced programmed cell death. Here, we investigate the role of cuproptosis‐related genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and the correlations between cuproptosis‐related genes and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in the microenvironment. Gene expression data were downloaded from TCGA and analyzed using R. Protein–protein interaction analysis was conducted using STRING and GeneMANIA, while survival analyses examined the correlations between genes and overall survival. In addition, analyses of methylation and mutation sites were performed using Illumina HumanMethylation450 data and the cBioPortal data set, respectively. The correlations between gene expression level and infiltrating immune cells and predictive values of PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade responses were also analyzed. Cuproptosis‐promoting genes were downregulated, while two out of three cuproptosis‐inhibiting genes, GLS and CDKN2A, showed upregulated expression. The CDKN2A expression level was identified as an independent prognostic factor for HNSCC through the multivariate Cox survival analysis. Meanwhile, levels of all cuproptosis‐related genes correlated positively with CD4 +  T cell infiltration. Furthermore, expression of the cuproptosis‐promoting gene DLD was negatively correlated with immune score. All cuproptosis‐related genes were expressed aberrantly and correlated positively with CD4 +  T cell infiltration in HNSCC. Thus, copper homeostasis and cuproptosis could be targeted therapeutically as a potential means of enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Background The optimal therapeutic strategy for patients with T2‐3N0‐3 M0 or T1N1‐3 M0 hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) and the use of postoperative radiotherapy with or without systemic therapy for patients with T1‐2N1M0 HPSCC remain controversial. We aimed to determine whether these additional treatments improve the prognosis in HPSCC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the databases held by the SEER (surveillance, epidemiology, and end results) program and a tertiary referral center in China to evaluate the survival outcomes of surgical intervention for T2‐3N0‐3 M0 and T1N1‐3 M0 HPSCC and of postoperative radiotherapy for T1‐2N1M0 disease. Results The SEER contained data for 1235 patients with T2‐3N0‐3 M0 or T1N1‐3 M0 HPSCC, of whom 220 underwent surgery as their first treatment and 737 received non‐surgical treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) between these two groups. Data were also available for 30 patients in the SEER who were treated by surgery alone (n = 11), surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy (n = 7), or surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy with systemic therapy (n = 12). Similarly, 23 patients at our hospital were identified to have been treated by surgery alone (n = 7), surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy (n = 10), or surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy with systemic therapy (n = 6). The SEER data indicated that postoperative radiotherapy improved OS (hazard ratio 0.281, 95% confidence interval 0.079–0.998; p = 0.036). This finding was supported by the data from our hospital, although the improvement in OS was not statistically significant (hazard ratio 0.360, 95% confidence interval 0.057–2.261; p = 0.224). Postoperative radiotherapy with systemic therapy seemed not to improve OS beyond that achieved by postoperative radiotherapy alone. Conclusions There was no significant difference in OS in patients with T2‐3N0‐3 M0 or T1N1‐3 M0 HPSCC according to whether or not they underwent surgery as first‐line treatment. Surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy was associated with a more favorable prognosis than surgery alone in patients with T1‐2N1M0 HPSCC.

According to the properties of Fourier transform, Fourier single-pixel imaging uses the illumination lights with cosine distributions to obtain the Fourier spectrum of the object, and then apply the inverse Fourier transform to reconstruct the spatial information of the object. This technique does not require detector arrays, such as charge coupled device and has proven to be insensitive to distortion, which is a great improvement over traditional photography techniques. In this manuscript, we present a detailed analysis and discussion on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Fourier single-pixel imaging. Compared with conventional imaging whose SNR is independent of pixel number N , Fourier single-pixel imaging achieves an improved SNR which is up to N times as high as the dynamic range of detection. Furthermore, this SNR benefit is further confirmed experimentally, in cases of one dimension and two dimensions.

Barley leaf stripe, caused by Pyrenophora graminea, is an essential systemic seed-borne disease in barley worldwide. Barley is a major cereal crop in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and barley production has been threatened by leaf stripe in this region, particularly in organic farming regions. Detecting the pathogen in infected barley seeds is crucial for managing barley leaf stripe. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed to detect the pathogen based on primers designed based on the sequence of the pig 14 gene (GenBank: AJ277800) of P. graminea. The optimal concentrations of MgSO4, dNTPs, and enzymes in the LAMP reaction system were established as 10.0 mM, 1.0 mM, and 8 U in a 25 μL reaction volume, respectively. The established LAMP methods for detecting P. graminea were optimally performed at 63 °C for 70 min with high reliability. The minimum detection limit was 1 × 10−2 ng·μL−1 in the 25 μL reaction system. The specificity of LAMP for P. graminea was validated with eight fungal species. All DNA extracts from P. graminea-infected barley seeds with incubation, intact, and smashed treatments were applied in LAMP and confirmed to enable the detection of the pathogen. The LAMP assay in this study could facilitate the detection of P. graminea in barley seeds onsite, provide information for seed health certificates, and help decide on seed treatment in leaf stripe management.

Current surgical procedures for spinal cord tumors lack in vivo high‐resolution multifunctional imaging systems, hindering precise tumor resection. This study introduces the fast adaptive focus tracking robotic optical coherence tomography (FACT‐ROCT) system, which provides real‐time, artifact‐free imaging during surgery, addressing motion artifacts and resolution degradation. Imaging occurs in 22 patients, including 13 with gliomas (WHO grade I‐IV). This represents the first in situ OCT imaging of human spinal cord tumors, enabling the differentiation of tumor types in real‐time. The standard deviation of the attenuation coefficient serves as a physical marker, achieving 90.2%  ±  2.7% accuracy in distinguishing high‐ from low‐grade gliomas intraoperatively at a threshold of 0.75  ±  0.01 mm−1. FACT‐ROCT also enables microvascular imaging, covering areas of 70 mm × 13 mm × 10 mm within 2 min and revealing greater vascular tortuosity in higher‐grade tumors. This extensive imaging capability provides critical information that guides surgical strategies, enhancing surgical outcomes. Overall, FACT‐ROCT represents a significant advancement in intraoperative imaging, offering high‐resolution, high‐speed, and comprehensive insights into spinal cord tumor structure and vasculature. The fast adaptive focus tracking robotic optical coherence tomography (FACT‐ROCT) offers real‐time, high‐resolution imaging of spinal cord tumors during surgery. By reducing motion artifacts with robotics and adaptive focal tracking, it accurately differentiates tumor grades using a novel attenuation coefficient marker and reveals critical microvascular details. FACT‐ROCT represents a major advancement in intraoperative spinal cord imaging techniques.

Pathological features are the gold standard for tumor diagnosis, guiding treatment and prognosis. However, the standard histopathological process is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Although frozen sections offer a quicker alternative, they often induce severe artifacts and suffer from lower accuracy. Dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography (D-FFOCT) is an innovative optical imaging technique that provides rapid histological information by utilizing subcellular dynamics as an intrinsic source of contrast. Despite its advantages, D-FFOCT images of adjacent tissues frequently exhibit abrupt shifts in hue and brightness, which is confusing for pathologists and diminishes its interpretability and reliability. Here, we present an active phase modulation-assisted D-FFOCT (APMD-FFOCT) to improve the imaging stability and achieve continuity and consistency in image stitching, which also enhances the image contrast of tissues with low metabolic dynamics. This enables us to further employ an unsupervised generative adversarial network to convert APMD-FFOCT images into virtual hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images for the first time. Three-dimensional (3D) virtual H&E-stained images can be obtained at a scanning rate of 1 frame per second. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that this novel technique has been successfully applied in cancer diagnosis for the human central nervous system and breast, which proves that this new method will play a new unique and important role in intraoperative histology.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world, yet current treatment options are associated with limited success. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of ferritin in HNSCC and clarify whether it may serve as a biomarker for predicting HNSCC metastasis. The chemiluminescent immunoassay method was used to investigate the differences in the serum ferritin (SF) levels between patients with and without tumors, and between HNSCC with and without lymph node metastasis. The iron content and expression levels of ferritin were detected to verify the differences between tumor and normal tissues, and between HNSCC without and with lymph node metastasis. Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset was used to support the aforementioned results. No statistically significant difference in the SF level was observed between patients with and without tumors. Iron content and expression levels of ferritin heavy chain (FTH) and ferritin light chain (FTL) were higher in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. The iron content and expression levels of SF, FTH and FTL were increased in HNSCC with metastasis compared with HNSCC without metastasis. The GEO dataset further verified the results and reported that the expression level of FTH was correlated with the prognosis of patients with HNSCC. Ferritin may not be a biomarker for the early diagnosis of HNSCC. However, an association exists between the expression level of ferritin and HNSCC cervical metastasis. SF may be a potential biomarker for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with HNSCC.

Abstract Pathological features are the gold standard for tumor diagnosis, guiding treatment and prognosis. However, the standard histopathological process is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Although frozen sections offer a quicker alternative, they often induce severe artifacts and suffer from lower accuracy. Dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography (D-FFOCT) is an innovative optical imaging technique that provides rapid histological information by utilizing subcellular dynamics as an intrinsic source of contrast. Despite its advantages, D-FFOCT images of adjacent tissues frequently exhibit abrupt shifts in hue and brightness, which is confusing for pathologists and diminishes its interpretability and reliability. Here, we present an active phase modulation-assisted D-FFOCT (APMD-FFOCT) to improve the imaging stability and achieve continuity and consistency in image stitching, which also enhances the image contrast of tissues with low metabolic dynamics. This enables us to further employ an unsupervised generative adversarial network to convert APMD-FFOCT images into virtual hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images for the first time. Three-dimensional (3D) virtual H&E-stained images can be obtained at a scanning rate of 1 frame per second. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that this novel technique has been successfully applied in cancer diagnosis for the human central nervous system and breast, which proves that this new method will play a new unique and important role in intraoperative histology.

Fast Adaptive Focus Tracking Robotic Optical Coherence Tomography System The cover illustrates the fast adaptive focus tracking robotic optical coherence tomography (FACT‐ROCT) system providing real‐time, high‐resolution imaging during spinal cord tumor surgery. The robotic‐guided OCT probe scans over the surgical site, while the display reveals vascular and structural tumor features. This system enables intraoperative tumor grading and microvascular mapping, enhancing surgical precision and safety. More details can be found in article number 2503566 by Guihuai Wang, Ping Xue, and co‐workers.