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To understand intuitively the residual stress state on the rail surface after abrasive belt rail grinding (ABRG), the influences of grinding process parameters on residual stress were experimentally investigated on the ABRG test bench. Tensile residual stress was found in the grinding direction, while the residual stress in the radial direction was maintained mainly in the form of compressive stress. To investigate the mechanisms of the influencing factors during the forming process of residual stress, a 3D finite element model (FEM) of grain scratching based on thermo-mechanical coupling method was developed. Effects of contact surface friction, grain’s tip radius, grain’s protrusion depth, and grain’s rake angle on residual stress distribution in rail sub-layer were revealed, respectively. In addition, the FEM simulation of residual stress involving adjacent grains scratching was carried out, in which the variation of the residual stress field between the on scratching and the subsequent scratching was observed and discussed. Finally, the suggestions for the design of the last grinding unit and grinding process parameter selection were given based on the findings from the experiment and simulation.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is spreading rapidly in Asia. This virus is transmitted by the Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis), which has parthenogenetically and sexually reproducing populations. Parthenogenetic populations were found in ≥15 provinces in China and strongly correlated with the distribution of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome cases. However, distribution of these cases was poorly correlated with the distribution of populations of bisexual ticks. Phylogeographic analysis suggested that the parthenogenetic population spread much faster than bisexual population because colonization is independent of sexual reproduction. A higher proportion of parthenogenetic ticks was collected from migratory birds captured at an SFTSV-endemic area, implicating the contribution to the long-range movement of these ticks in China. The SFTSV susceptibility of parthenogenetic females was similar to that of bisexual females under laboratory conditions. These results suggest that parthenogenetic Asian longhorned ticks, probably transported by migratory birds, play a major role in the rapid spread of SFTSV.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen using virulence factors and biofilm regulated by quorum sensing (QS) systems to infect patients and protect itself from environmental stress and antibiotics. Interfering with QS systems is a novel approach to combat P. aeruginosa infections without killing the bacteria, meaning that it is much harder for bacteria to develop drug resistance. A marine fungus Cladosporium sp. Z148 with anti-QS activity was obtained from Jiaozhou Bay, China. Cladodionen, a novel QS inhibitor, was isolated from the extracts of this fungus. Cladodionen had a better inhibitory effect than pyocyanin on the production of elastase and rhamnolipid. It also inhibited biofilm formation and motilities. The mRNA expressions of QS-related genes, including receptor proteins (lasR, rhlR and pqsR), autoinducer synthases (lasI, rhlI and pqsA) and virulence factors (lasB and rhlA) were down-regulated by cladodionen. Molecular docking analysis showed that cladodionen had better binding affinity to LasR and PqsR than natural ligands. Moreover, the binding affinity of cladodionen to LasR was higher than to PqsR. Cladodionen exhibits potential as a QS inhibitor against P. aeruginosa, and its structure–activity relationships should be further studied to illustrate the mode of action, optimize its structure and improve anti-QS activity.

To address the residual lateral coil misalignment after an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) lands on a fixed wireless-charging platform, this study proposes a graph-attention-based knowledge distillation method for embedded self-alignment localization. Four detection-coil voltages form an induced-voltage fingerprint database organized as a multi-scale spatial graph. A graph attention network (GAT) teacher model is trained offline to learn neighborhood correlations in the voltage–position mapping, and its spatial knowledge is distilled into a lightweight Tiny-MLP student model for microcontroller unit (MCU)-based online inference. Experimental results show that the GAT teacher achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.589 cm, while the distilled Tiny-MLP reduces the MAE of the directly trained Tiny-MLP from 1.548 cm to 1.148 cm (a 25.8% reduction under a fixed seed). In 2000 closed-loop alignment trials with random initial positions, the system achieves an 85.5% success rate under a 0.5 cm threshold, indicating that the method supports low-complexity closed-loop self-alignment for UAV wireless charging.

Reverse bias stability remains a critical challenge for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). While self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) boost efficiency, their low breakdown voltages limit device reliability. Thick PTAA layer improves breakdown voltage but suffers from poor wettability and efficiency loss, with unclear effects on device reverse bias stability. Here, we use electroluminescence mapping to reveal the critical role of hole transport layer (HTL) uniformity in affecting device reverse bias stability, and poor uniformity of current HTLs causes spatial heterogeneity that is not able to block electron injection and leads to device breakdown under reverse bias. Based on our study, we develop a polymeric Poly-PhPACz HTL with high conductivity and good wettability, achieving a breakdown voltage comparable to PTAA while maintaining high efficiencies across varying thicknesses. Ambient blade-coated Poly-PhPACz PSCs achieve 26.1% efficiency and retain 92% performance after 1,800 hours of light soaking. Further optimization yields a high breakdown voltage of −14.3 V without sacrificing efficiency, offering a promising pathway for stable PSCs. The low breakdown voltages of self-assembled monolayers limit the performance of perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors report a polymeric hole transport layer with high conductivity and strong substrate adhesion and achieve an efficiency of 26.1% for stable ambient blade-coated devices.

In response to the significantly reduced efficiency of magnetic coupling wireless charging for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) caused by their high sensitivity to transmitter and receiver coil alignment, as well as landing point errors, a position identification method based on the detection coil-induced voltage fingerprint and embedded neural network regression is proposed. This enables position alignment through a 2D mechanical structure. Firstly, by means of an S–S compensation topology with a bipolar (BP) symmetrical four-detection-coil array deployed at the transmitter, the system effectively suppresses primary direct coupling, ensuring that the position of the receiver coil predominantly determines the detection signals. Secondly, by establishing a voltage fingerprint database during the offline stage and utilizing a multi-layer perceptron–radial basis function (MLP-RBF) regression model, the system achieves high-precision end-to-end positioning and alignment control during the online stage through induced voltage acquisition and data processing. Finally, experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves centimeter-level positioning accuracy, with an average error of approximately 1.2 cm and a maximum error of less than 1.8 cm, presenting excellent deployability and engineering applicability.

Quorum sensing (QS) is employed by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to regulate physiological behaviors and virulence. QS inhibitors (QSIs) are potential anti-virulence agents for the therapy of P. aeruginosa infection. During the screening for QSIs from Chinese herbal medicines, falcarindiol (the major constituent of Notopterygium incisum) exhibited QS inhibitory activity. The subinhibitory concentration of falcarindiol exerted significant inhibitory effects on the formation of biofilm and the production of virulence factors such as elastase, pyocyanin, and rhamnolipid. The mRNA expression of QS-related genes (lasB, phzH, rhlA, lasI, rhlI, pqsA, and rhlR) was downregulated by falcarindiol while that of lasR was not affected by falcarindiol. The transcriptional activation of the lasI promoter was inhibited by falcarindiol in the P. aeruginosa QSIS-lasI selector. Further experiments confirmed that falcarindiol inhibited the las system using the reporter strain Escherichia coli MG4/pKDT17. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that falcarindiol inhibited the binding of the transcription factor LasR and the lasI promoter region. Molecular docking showed that falcarindiol interacted with the Tyr47 residue, leading to LasR instability. The decrease of LasR-mediated transcriptional activation was responsible for the reduction of downstream gene expression, which further inhibited virulence production. The inhibition mechanism of falcarindiol to LasR provides a theoretical basis for its medicinal application.

Soybean seed quality is defined by an inverse relationship between oil and protein content. Understanding the spatiotemporal regulation of this trade-off is crucial for breeding. This study aims to dissect the transcriptomic networks governing carbon and nitrogen partitioning during seed development. Here, transcriptomic and co-expression network analyses were performed on cotyledon and seedcoat tissues of high-protein (HP) and low-protein (LP) soybean cultivars across three seed developmental stages. We identified 4910 HP/LP-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with striking transcriptional alterations in the early developmental stage. Notably, some important DEGs were enriched in carbon/lipid metabolism, protein folding, and hormone/circadian signaling pathways, among which key gene families (e.g., OLEs, SWEETs, HSPs), core regulators (e.g., LACS, L1L, ABF1), and QTL-localized candidate genes (e.g., FA9) were characterized. Mechanistically, C/VIF1-mediated post-translational inhibition of CWINV1 may restrict carbon flux to oil synthesis in HP seeds; upstream circadian/hormone signaling and L1L-sHSPs jointly promote protein deposition, uncoupling the oil–protein trade-off and enabling HP trait formation. In contrast, LP cultivars upregulated SWEETs, OLEs, and LTPs to facilitate high carbon flux into lipid biosynthesis and storage. These findings provide valuable genetic targets for precision breeding programs aimed at optimizing resource allocation.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tickborne bandavirus mainly transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in East Asia, mostly in rural areas. As of April 2022, the amplifying host involved in the natural transmission of SFTSV remained unidentified. Our epidemiologic field survey conducted in endemic areas in China showed that hedgehogs were widely distributed, had heavy tick infestations, and had high SFTSV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence. After experimental infection of Erinaceus amurensis and Atelerix albiventris hedgehogs with SFTSV, we detected robust but transitory viremias that lasted for 9-11 days. We completed the SFTSV transmission cycle between hedgehogs and nymph and adult H. longicornis ticks under laboratory conditions with 100% efficiency. Furthermore, naive H. longicornis ticks could be infected by SFTSV-positive ticks co-feeding on naive hedgehogs; we confirmed transstadial transmission of SFTSV. Our study suggests that the hedgehogs are a notable wildlife amplifying host of SFTSV in China.

In this study, a novel wide‐bandgap small molecule guest material, ITOA, designed and synthesized for fabricating efficient ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) ITOA complements the absorbance of the PM6:Y6 binary system, exhibiting strong crystallinity and modest miscibility. ITOA optimizes the morphology by promoting intensive molecular packing, reducing domain size, and establishing a preferred vertical phase distribution. These features contribute to improved and well‐balanced charge transport, suppressed carrier recombination, and efficient exciton dissociation. Consequently, a significantly enhanced efficiency of 18.62% for the ternary device is achieved, accompanied by increased short‐circuit current density (JSC), fill factor (FF), and open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Building on this success, replacing Y6 with BTP‐eC9 leads to an outstanding PCE of 19.33% for the ternary OSCs. Notably, the introduction of ITOA expedites the formation of the optimized morphology, resulting in an impressive PCE of 18.04% for the ternary device without any postprocessing. Moreover, the ternary device exhibits enhanced operational stability under maximum power point (MPP) tracking. This comprehensive study demonstrates that a rationally designed guest molecule can optimize morphology, reduce energy loss, and streamline the fabrication process, essential for achieving high efficiency and stability in OSCs, paving the way for practical commercial applications. In this study, the design and synthesis of a novel wide‐bandgap small molecule guest, ITOA is presented. Utilizing ITOA as a morphology modulator, ternary organic solar cells achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 19.3% along with exceptional stability. Impressively, without any postprocessing, the PCE of ternary devices reached an impressive 18.04%.