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ObjectivesPneumoconiosis remains a major global occupational health hazard and illness. Accurate data on the incidence of pneumoconiosis are critical for health resource planning and development of health policy.MethodsWe collected data for the period between 1990 and 2017 on the annual incident cases and the age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of pneumoconiosis aetiology from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. We calculated the average annual percentage changes of ASIR by sex, region and aetiology in order to determine the trends of pneumoconiosis.ResultsGlobally, the number of pneumoconiosis cases increased by a measure of 66.0%, from 36 186 in 1990 to 60 055 in 2017. The overall ASIR decreased by an average of 0.6% per year in the same period. The number of pneumoconiosis cases increased across the five sociodemographic index regions, and there was a decrease in the ASIR from 1990 to 2017. The ASIR of silicosis, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and other pneumoconiosis decreased. In contrast, measures of the ASIR of asbestosis displayed an increasing trend. Patterns of the incidence of pneumoconiosis caused by different aetiologies were found to have been heterogeneous for analyses across regions and among countries.ConclusionIncidence patterns of pneumoconiosis which were caused by different aetiologies varied considerably across regions and countries of the world. The patterns of incidence and temporal trends should facilitate the establishment of more effective and increasingly targeted methods for prevention of pneumoconiosis and reduce associated disease burden.

Sediment trapping significantly influences the comprehensive benefits of reservoirs and hinders the connection between sediment and nutrients in the upstream and downstream of rivers. Quantifying the role of sediment trapping by dams is important because this operation controls fluvial geomorphology, aquatic ecology, and water quality, particularly for flood processes with highly variable inflows. This study developed a new model to calculate the sediment trap efficiency (TE) of flood events during the flood season in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) using a generalized theoretical approach. The TE of 55 flood events that occurred since the impoundment of the TGR were calculated and ranged from 16.0% to 99.8%, with a mean of 77.8%. Contrary to the previous understanding that large reservoirs have consistently large TE values based on long‐term data, our results show that large reservoirs can have a wide range of TE values during short‐term flood events. The proposed model estimates TE using three variables: inflow discharge, outflow discharge, and reservoir water level. Furthermore, the additional sedimentation risk to the TGR by optimized scheduling during the flood season is discussed. The results provide a reference for sedimentation management and optimal operation in the TGR. Key Points A new framework to estimate reservoir sediment trapping efficiency (TE) was introduced The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) has a wide TE range during short‐term flood events The operation mode of “low level during large inflow, high level during small inflow ” can be adopted during the flood season to improve comprehensive benefits of the TGR

Accurate short-term wind speed prediction is crucial for maintaining the safe, stable, and efficient operation of wind power systems. We propose a multivariate meteorological data fusion wind prediction network (MFWPN) to study fine-grid vector wind speed prediction, taking Northeast China as an example. Results show that MFWPN outperforms the ECMWF-HRES model regarding vector wind speed prediction accuracy within the first 6 h. Transfer experiments demonstrate the good generalized performance of the MFWPN, which can be quickly applied to offsite prediction. Efficiency experiments show that the MFWPN takes only 18 ms to predict vector wind speeds on a 24-hour fine grid over the future northeastern region. With its demonstrated accuracy and efficiency, the MFWPN can be an effective tool for predicting vector wind speeds in large regional wind centers and can help in ultrashort- and short-term deployment planning for wind power. Accurate short-term wind speed prediction is crucial for wind power systems. Authors propose a machine learning-based short-term wind prediction network using CNN-Transformer architecture, demonstrating strong transferability and robustness for predicting wind speeds in various climatic regions.

Psoriasis is one of the most common autoimmune skin diseases. Increasing evidence shows that alterations in the diversity and function of microbiota can participate in the pathogenesis of psoriasis through various pathways and mechanisms. To review the connection between microbial changes and psoriasis, how microbial-targeted therapy can be used to treat psoriasis, as well as the potential of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, diet, and Traditional Chinese Medicine as supplementary and adjunctive therapies. Literature related to the relationship between psoriasis and gut microbiota was searched in PubMed and CNKI. Adjunct therapies such as dietary interventions, traditional Chinese medicine, and probiotics can enhance gut microbiota abundance and diversity in patients with psoriasis. These therapies stimulate immune mediators including IL-23, IL-17, IL-22, and modulate gamma interferon (IFN-γ) along with the NF-kB pathway, thereby suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ameliorating systemic inflammatory conditions. This article discusses the direction of future research and clinical treatment of psoriasis from the perspective of intestinal microbiota and the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to provide clinicians with more comprehensive diagnosis and treatment options and bring greater hope to patients with psoriasis.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome with high morbidity and mortality mediated by infection‐caused oxidative stress. Early antioxidant intervention by removing excessively produced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of sepsis. However, traditional antioxidants have failed to improve patient outcomes due to insufficient activity and sustainability. Herein, by mimicking the electronic and structural characteristics of natural Cu‐only superoxide dismutase (SOD5), a single‐atom nanozyme (SAzyme) featuring coordinately unsaturated and atomically dispersed Cu‐N4 site was synthesized for effective sepsis treatment. The de novo‐designed Cu‐SAzyme exhibits a superior SOD‐like activity to efficiently eliminate O2•−, which is the source of multiple RONS, thus blocking the free radical chain reaction and subsequent inflammatory response in the early stage of sepsis. Moreover, the Cu‐SAzyme effectively harnessed systemic inflammation and multi‐organ injuries in sepsis animal models. These findings indicate that the developed Cu‐SAzyme possesses great potential as therapeutic nanomedicines for the treatment of sepsis. A SOD‐inspired copper single‐atom nanozyme (Cu‐SAzyme) was designed and synthesized by a two‐step scaffold‐adsorption method. The Cu‐SAzyme exhibits high catalytic activity to scavenge superoxide anion, the initiator of ROS, and thus effectively prevents the disease progression in septic animals.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a malignancy highly prevalent in East and Southeast Asia, is primarily treated with radiotherapy (RT). However, hypoxia-induced radioresistance presents a significant challenge. Nanozymes, nanomaterials with catalase-like activity, have emerged as a promising strategy for radiosensitization by converting elevated hydrogen peroxide in the tumor microenvironment into oxygen. Despite their potential, effectively targeting hypoxic lesions has been difficult. Here, we identify transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) as an upregulated target in NPC, with its expression levels positively correlated with hypoxia. Human heavy-chain ferritin, a specific ligand of TfR1, selectively recognizes hypoxic NPC lesions in preclinical models. Based on these findings, we design a hypoxia-targeted nanozyme by loading platinum nanoparticles into ferritin. This nanozyme exhibits enhanced catalase-like activity and effectively alleviates tumor hypoxia in NPC xenografts. When combined with RT, a single injection of the nanozyme significantly inhibits tumor growth and prolongs mouse survival, outperforming sodium glycididazole, a clinically used radiosensitizer. In summary, our findings highlight TfR1 as an accessible cell surface target in hypoxic NPC lesions. The nanozyme targeting TfR1 holds promise for enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of RT in NPC through an in situ oxygen-generation mechanism. Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) has been shown to be upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here the authors report that TfR1 can be targeted in hypoxic NPC lesions using ferritin nanozymes.

Being ubiquitous, solitons have particle-like properties, exhibiting behaviour often associated with atoms. Bound solitons emulate dynamics of molecules, though solitonic analogues of polymeric materials have not been considered yet. Here we experimentally create and model soliton polymers, which we call “polyskyrmionomers”, built of atom-like individual solitons characterized by the topological invariant representing the skyrmion number. With the help of nonlinear optical imaging and numerical modelling based on minimizing the free energy, we reveal how topological point defects bind the solitonic quasi-atoms into polyskyrmionomers, featuring linear, branched, and other macromolecule-resembling architectures, as well as allowing for encoding data by spatial distributions of the skyrmion number. Application of oscillating electric fields activates diverse modes of locomotion and internal vibrations of these self-assembled soliton structures, which depend on symmetry of the solitonic macromolecules. Our findings suggest new designs of soliton meta matter, with a potential for the use in fundamental research and technology. The formation of soliton macromolecules or metamaterial analogues of polymers with inter-soliton binding resembling strong covalent-like chemical bonds has not been considered so far. Zhao et al. experimentally create and theoretically, model soliton macromolecules, called “polyskyrmionomers”, introducing polymer-mimicking designs of topological chiral meta matter that promise technological utility in data storage and electro-optics.

Our previous studies have shown that high alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn ) in the intestinal microbiome could be one of the causes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Considering antimicrobial resistance of K. pneumoniae and dysbacteriosis caused by antibiotics, phage therapy might have potential in treatment of HiAlc Kpn -induced NAFLD, because of the specificity targeting the bacteria. Here, we clarified the effectiveness of phage therapy in male mice with HiAlc Kpn -induced steatohepatitis. Comprehensive investigations including transcriptomes and metabolomes revealed that treatment with HiAlc Kpn -specific phage was able to alleviate steatohepatitis caused by HiAlc Kpn , including hepatic dysfunction and expression of cytokines and lipogenic genes. In contrast, such treatment did not cause significantly pathological changes, either in functions of liver and kidney, or in components of gut microbiota. In addition to reducing alcohol attack, phage therapy also regulated inflammation, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Our data suggest that phage therapy targeting gut microbiota is an alternative to antibiotics, with potential efficacy and safety, at least in HiAlc Kpn -caused NAFLD. Previous studies have shown that high alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn ) in the intestinal microbiome could be one of the causes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, the authors show the effectiveness of phage in mice with HiAlc Kpn -induced NAFLD indicating phage therapy targeting gut microbiota may be an alternative to antibiotics, with potential efficacy and safety.

Two calcite LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of 534 ± 26 Ma (MSWD = 5.9) and 456 ± 43 Ma (MSWD = 3.8) were obtained from the Nanfen Formation, Xihe Group in the southern Liaoning Province, northeastern China, which significantly postdate the theoretical depositional age of sampling horizon. This means they represent timing of post-depositional hydrothermal event possibly induced by synchronous far-field magmatism in the South Qinling. Occurrence of common Pb enriched muddy components coupled with input of “mantle”-like common Pb could account for the relatively low U contents and high common Pb contents in the dated muddy carbonates. We recommend that micro-domains of carbonates are prescreened by rapid in situ carbonate U-Pb geochronology to demonstrate whether they are of primary or secondary origin before utilizing them for chemostratigraphic study.

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, yet only approximately 16% of patients are diagnosed in early stage, highlighting the urgent need for novel, highly accurate detection models. In our study, patients with suspected lung cancer or lung disease, as identified through radiographic imaging, along with healthy individuals, were consecutively recruited from Beijing Chest Hospital. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) was extracted from plasma samples, and low‐depth whole‐genome sequencing was performed to identify fragmentomic features for model construction. A total of 265 participants were prospectively enrolled, comprising 124 lung cancer patients and 141 noncancer individuals. The model we developed was based on four cfDNA fragmentation characteristics, including 20‐bp breakpoint nucleotides motif, fragmentation size coverage, fragmentation size distribution, and copy number variation. In an independent test cohort, the model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.861 (95% CI: 0.781–0.942) and demonstrated a sensitivity of 70% (95% CI: 53.5%–83.4%) at a specificity of 89.4% (95% CI: 76.9%–96.5%). Notably, the model was also effective in detecting early‐stage cancer, with an AUC of 0.808 (95% CI: 0.69–0.925). In summary, our lung cancer detection model shows strong screening capabilities by leveraging four cfDNA fragmentation characteristics, exhibiting robust performance in early cancer diagnosis. We constructed a lung cancer detection model using four circulating free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentation features, and this model exhibits strong screening capabilities. It is not only effective for early cancer screening in asymptomatic individuals but also demonstrates robust detection capabilities in early cancer diagnosis.