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Background The Paenibacillus srains exhibit diverse abilities to secrete hydrolases capable of degrading biomacromolecules and to act as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) through the degradation of fungal cell walls and promotion the nutrient cycling of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Despite the well-acknowledged attributes of Paenibacillus , only limited studies have identified strains of it concurrently produce multiple hydrolytic enzymes and display strong phytobeneficial characteristics. The objective of this study was to isolate and functionally characterize a novel Paenibacillus strain that combines hydrolytic capabilities with plant growth-promoting potential. Methods Strain TH7-28 T was isolated and taxonomically classified through a polyphasic identification approach based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, genome analysis, and physiological and biochemical characteristics. Its metabolic capabilities were characterized using CAZy and KEGG pathway annotations, supplemented by Kofam-KOALA functional profiling. Genomic relatedness to reference strains was determined using OGRIs: ANI, dDDH, and tetra-nucleotide frequency signature analyses. Biophysical and biochemical properties were evaluated through enzymatic activity assays, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, respiratory quinone system identification, fatty acid methyl ester profiling, and polar lipid composition analysis. The wheat germination test was used to verify the plant growth-promoting ability. Results Strain TH7-28 T was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, white and rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and genomic sequence indicated that strain TH7-28 T was classified within the genus Paenibacillus . The ANI values of strain TH7-28 T with the closest related strains P . macerans ATCC 8244 T and P. oralis KCOM 3021 T were 91.00% and 92.85%, respectively. The dDDH values of strain TH7-28 T with P . macerans ATCC 8244 T and P. oralis KCOM 3021 T were 44.60% and 52.40%, respectively. The respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) comprised anteiso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 17:0 , iso-C 16:0 and C 16:0 . The genomic DNA G + C content was 52.1%. Phosphatidylethanolamine, two amino lipids and three phospholipids were the main polar lipids. Genomic sequencing revealed multifunctional gene clusters encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (cellulase and amylase), proteases, and phospholipases, alongside antifungal chitinase and endo-β-1,3-glucanase. The biomolecular metabolic gene types and gene copy numbers of strain TH7-28 T were significantly higher than those of other Paenibacillus genus, indicating its robust capacity for macromolecule degradation. The nitrogen-fixing potential of strain TH7-28 T was confirmed via nifH/D/K genes. Phosphorus activation capacity was demonstrated through ps t S/C/A/B -mediated inorganic uptake and phospholipase-driven organic solubilization. Experimental assays further demonstrated significant enzymatic activities of chitinase (8.12 ± 0.66 × 10 –3 U/mL), β-1,3-glucanase (0.023 ± 0.004 U/mL), and nitrogenase (0.164 ± 0.006 U/mL), with concurrent hydrolysis of cellulose, starch, casein, chitin and lecithin. Through the wheat germination experiment, it has been confirmed that this strain significantly enhanced both the seed germination rate and stem length, thereby establishing a solid foundation for subsequent research on its practical applications. Conclusion Strain TH7-28 T , isolated from lake sediment, was identified to represent a novel species designated Paenibacillus lacisediminis sp. nov. The strain exhibits multifunctional hydrolase activities, antifungal enzyme synthesis, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and plant growth promoting. The findings confirm Paenibacillus lacisediminis sp. nov. as a biotechnologically promising strain for sustainable agriculture, furthermore enriching the functional repertoire of Paenibacillus genus.

The hard‐shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine and health food in China for centuries. Polysaccharides from mussel has been reported to have multiple biological functions, however, it remains unclear whether mussel polysaccharide (MP) exerts protective effects in intestinal functions, and the underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanism of MP on intestinal oxidative injury in mice. In this study, 40 male BALB/C mice were used, with 30 utilized to produce an animal model of intestinal oxidative injury with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (Cy) for four consecutive days. The protective effects of two different doses of MP (300 and 600 mg/kg) were assessed by investigating the change in body weight, visceral index, and observing colon histomorphology. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated by measuring the antioxidant enzymes and related signaling molecules through ELISA, real‐time PCR, and western blot methods. The results showed that MP pretreatment effectively protected the intestinal from Cy‐induced injury: improved the colon tissue morphology and villus structure, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum and colon tissues. Meanwhile, MP also significantly increased the expression levels of SOD, GSH‐Px, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA in colon tissues. Further, western blot results showed that the expression of Nrf2 protein was significantly upregulated while kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) was significantly downregulated by MP in the colonic tissues. This study indicates that MP can ameliorate Cy‐induced oxidative stress injury in mice, and Nrf2‐Keap1 signaling pathway may mediate these protective effects. Mussel polysaccharides restored and relieved the intestinal oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide‐induced in mice. Mussel polysaccharides can activate Nrf2 signaling pathway and upregulate antioxidant enzyme expression.

Si-based multilayer structures are widely used in current microelectronics. During their preparation, some inhomogeneous residual stress is induced, resulting in competition between interface mismatching and surface energy and even leading to structure failure. This work presents a methodological study on the measurement of residual stress in a multi-layer semiconductor heterostructure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to measure the geometric parameters of the multilayer structure. The relationship between the Raman spectrum and the stress/strain on the [100] and [110] crystal orientations was determined to enable surface and cross-section residual stress analyses, respectively. Based on the Raman mapping results, the distribution of residual stress along the depth of the multi-layer heterostructure was successfully obtained.

Based on the field observation data of microclimate factors in summer, the microclimate and human comfort effects of four typical recreational forests (Pinus tabulaeformis forest, Pinus tabulaeformis-Cotinus coggygria mixed forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and economic forest) were analyzed in southern mountain area of Ji'nan. The results indicated that the recreational forests had significant effects on lowering the air temperature, increasing relative humidity, descending wind speed and enhancing human comfort level in summer. It showed definite differences in microclimate effects for different types of recreational forests. Compared with the contrast, the P. tabulaeformis forest, P. tabulaeformis-C. coggygria mixed forests, R. pseudoacacia forest and economic forest can lower the air temperature by 2.1, 2.75, 2.15, and 0.67 t; increase the humidity by 5.35%, 8.0%, 6.04%, and 2.92% and reduce the wind speed by 51.0%, 66.4%, 67.4%, and 37.0%. Recreational forests significantly prolonged the comfort by on

Ultra-fast cooling （UFC） is an advanced technology in hot rolling field. Through this technology, great changes on the run-out table are produced in the strip cooling process. In order to adapt to these changes, a new gen-eration of hot strip cooling control system after rolling was developed based on the UFC basic principle. The system can not only accomplish temperature of UFC delivery side, coiling temperature, cooling rate, etc, and multi-objective accuracy control, but also offer more flexibility and new attractive possibilities in terms of cooling pattern on the run-out table, which could be of prime importance for the production of some difficult steels. In addition, through the time-velocity-distance （TVD） profile prediction combined with speed feed-forward control and coiling temperature feedback control, the coiling temperature control precision can be effectively improved during accelerative rolling in the system. At present, the system has been successfully used in the conventional strip production line and CSP short process production line, and its application effect is perfect.

Using special commands in TCP/IP protocol family can realize the detection of network running status, and network managers must master the command group. This program integrating network managers＇ manual network test into a 24-hour operation procedure can simply find out network faults occurring, and the fault information can be sent to the mobile phone of a network manager in the form of a short message, so that the network manager can take fast and active measures as early as possible.

On the basis of the massive amount of published literature and the long-term practice of our research group in the field of prevention and control of rockburst, the research progress and shortcomings in understanding the rockburst phenomenon have been comprehensively investigated. This study focuses on the occurrence mechanism and monitoring and early warning technology for rockburst in coal mines. Results showed that the prevention and control of rockburst had made significant progress. However, with the increasing mining depth, several unresolved concerns remain challenging. From the in-depth research and analysis, it can be inferred that rockburst disasters involve three main problems, i.e., the induction factors are complicated, the mechanism is still unclear, and the accuracy of the monitoring equipment and multi-source stereo monitoring technology is insufficient. The monitoring and warning standards of rockburst need to be further clarified and improved. Combined with the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and big data, a study of the trend of rockburst needs to be conducted. Furthermore, the mechanism of multiphase and multi-field coupling induced by rockburst on a large scale needs to be explored. A multisystem and multiparameter integrated monitoring and early warning system and remote monitoring cloud platform for rockburst should be explored and developed. High-reliability sensing technology and equipment and perfect monitoring and early warning standards are considered to be the development direction of rockburst in the future. This research will help experts and technicians adopt effective measures for controlling rockburst disasters.

Photoluminescent gold clusters are functionally variable chemical modules by ligand design. Chemical modification of protective ligands and introduction of different metals into the gold clusters lead to discover unique chemical and physical properties based on their significantly perturbed electronic structures. Here we report the synthesis of carbon-centered Au(I)-Ag(I) clusters with high phosphorescence quantum yields using N -heterocyclic carbene ligands. Specifically, a heterometallic cluster [(C)(Au I -L) 6 Ag I 2 ] 4+ , where L denotes benzimidazolylidene-based carbene ligands featuring N -pyridyl substituents, shows a significantly high phosphorescence quantum yield (Φ  =  0.88). Theoretical calculations suggest that the carbene ligands accelerate the radiative decay by affecting the spin-orbit coupling, and the benzimidazolylidene ligands further suppress the non-radiative pathway. Furthermore, these clusters with carbene ligands are taken up into cells, emit phosphorescence and translocate to a particular organelle. Such well-defined, highly phosphorescent C-centered Au(I)-Ag(I) clusters will enable ligand-specific, organelle-selective phosphorescence imaging and dynamic analysis of molecular distribution and translocation pathways in cells. Photoluminescent gold clusters have unique chemical and physical properties based on their perturbed electronic structures. Here, the authors report the synthesis of carbon-centered Au(I)-Ag(I) clusters with high phosphorescence quantum yields using N-heterocyclic carbene ligands.

The molecular mechanism underlying the protective role of propofol against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that ferroptosis is an imperative pathological process in myocardial I/R injury. We hypothesized that propofol prevents myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via the AKT/p53 signaling pathway. The ferroptosis-inducing agent erastin (E) and AKT inhibitor MK2206 (MK) were used to investigate the role of propofol in myocardial I/R injury. H9C2 cells treated without any reagents, erastin for 24 h, propofol for 1 h before adding erastin were assigned as the control (C), E, and E + P group, respectively. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), cysteine/glutamate transporter (XCT), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in H9C2 cells. Rat hearts from the I/R + P or I/R groups were treated with or without propofol for 20 min before stopping perfusion for 30 min and reperfusion for 60 min. Rat hearts from the I/R + P + MK or I/R + MK groups were treated with or without propofol for 20 min, with a 10-min treatment of MK2206 before stopping perfusion. Myocardial histopathology, mitochondrial structure, iron levels, and antioxidant enzymes expression were assessed. Our results demonstrated that erastin increased H9C2 cell mortality and reduced the expression of antioxidant enzymes. I/R, which reduced the expression of antioxidant enzymes and increased iron or p53 ( p < 0.05), boosted myocardium pathological and mitochondrion damage. Propofol inhibited these changes; however, the effects of propofol on I/R injury were antagonized by MK ( p < 0.05). In addition, AKT siRNA inhibited the propofol-induced expression of antioxidant enzymes ( p < 0.05). Our findings confirm that propofol protects myocardium from I/R injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via the AKT/p53 signal pathway.

Chemical etching of nano-sized metal clusters at the atomic level has a high potential for creating metal number-specific structures and functions that are difficult to achieve with bottom-up synthesis methods. In particular, precisely etching metal atoms one by one from nonmetallic element-centred metal clusters and elucidating the relationship between their well-defined structures, and chemical and physical properties will facilitate future materials design for metal clusters. Here we report the single-gold etching at a hypercarbon centre in gold(I) clusters. Specifically, C -centred hexagold(I) clusters protected by chiral N -heterocyclic carbenes are etched with bisphosphine to yield C -centred pentagold(I) ( CAu I 5 ) clusters. The CAu I 5 clusters exhibit an unusually large bathochromic shift in luminescence, which is reproduced theoretically. The etching mechanism is experimentally and theoretically suggested to be a tandem dissociation-association-elimination pathway. Furthermore, the vacant site of the central carbon of the CAu I 5 cluster can accommodate AuCl, allowing for post-functionalisation of the C -centred gold(I) clusters. The control of atomically precise etching of nano-sized metal clusters is important for understanding their structure-specific properties. Here, the authors report the etching of a single gold atom on a hypercarbon centre of gold(I) clusters.