Explore the vast range of titles available.

Provable data possession (PDP) is a technique that enables the verification of data integrity in cloud storage without the need to download the data. PDP schemes are generally categorized into public and private verification. Public verification allows third parties to assess the integrity of outsourced data, offering good openness and flexibility, but it may lead to privacy leakage and security risks. In contrast, private verification restricts the auditing capability to the data owner, providing better privacy protection but often resulting in higher verification costs and operational complexity due to limited local resources. Moreover, most existing PDP schemes are based on classical number-theoretic assumptions, making them vulnerable to quantum attacks. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an identity-based PDP with a designated verifier over lattices, utilizing a specially leveled identity-based fully homomorphic signature (IB-FHS) scheme. We provide a formal security proof of the proposed scheme under the small-integer solution (SIS) and learning with errors (LWE) within the random oracle model. Theoretical analysis confirms that the scheme achieves security guarantees while maintaining practical feasibility. Furthermore, simulation-based experiments show that for a 1 MB file and lattice dimension of n = 128, the computation times for core algorithms such as TagGen, GenProof, and CheckProof are approximately 20.76 s, 13.75 s, and 3.33 s, respectively. Compared to existing lattice-based PDP schemes, the proposed scheme introduces additional overhead due to the designated verifier mechanism; however, it achieves a well-balanced optimization among functionality, security, and efficiency.

To solve the shortcomings of traditional cryptography such as 3DES, AES and SM4 in encrypting multimedia information, we proposed a bit-level image encryption algorithm based on chaos and S-Box. First, we constructed a 3D discrete memristor-based chaotic map (3D-MCM), which is hyperchaotic, and has ergodicity and better randomness in a larger parameter interval, then based on it, we constructed three S-Boxes with larger key space and without weakness. Furthermore, we applied the 3D-MCM and S-Boxes to design an encryption algorithm, whose novelty is that each half-pixel is substituted with a half-pixel substitution box (HPS-Box) before S-Box substitution with random times. Experimental and security analysis results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed 3D-MCM and S-Box in image encryption scheme.

Phonon trapping has an immense impact in many areas of science and technology, from the antennas of interferometric gravitational wave detectors to chip-scale quantum micro- and nano-mechanical oscillators. It usually relies on the mechanical suspension—an approach, while isolating selected vibrational modes, leads to serious drawbacks for interrogation of the trapped phonons, including limited heat capacity and excess noises via measurements. To circumvent these constraints, we realize a paradigm of phonon trapping using mechanical bound states in the continuum (BICs) with topological features and conducted an in-depth characterization of the mechanical losses both at room and cryogenic temperatures. Our findings of mechanical BICs combining the microwave frequency and macroscopic size unveil a unique platform for realizing mechanical oscillators in both classical and quantum regimes. The paradigm of mechanical BICs might lead to unprecedented sensing modalities for applications such as rare-event searches and the exploration of the foundations of quantum mechanics in unreached parameter spaces. Typically, phonon trapping is performed using mechanically suspended structures which have many limitations. Here the authors study a phononic structure that supports mechanical bound states in the continuum (BICs) at microwave frequencies with topological features.

The cryptanalysis results of AES show that its key expansion algorithm exists some weaknesses, such as the most round-constant are linear, and any round key can be derived from its previous or next round key, i.e., key expansion algorithm is reversible transformation. To solve these problems, we designed an irreversible key expansion algorithm based on a chaotic system. First, we introduced a 4D memristor chaotic system, and then analyzed its dynamic characteristics, such as bifurcation diagram, phase diagram, Lyapunov exponent, correlation dimension, and Kolmogorov entropy. Simulation results verified that the system exhibited complex dynamical behaviors. Further, we applied the system to design an irreversible key expansion algorithm. Experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed irreversible key expansion algorithm.

Unhealthy dietary habits are prevalent in Northeast China, contributing to a high prevalence of obesity. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the general population regarding weight loss dietary patterns in this region, with additional analysis of normal weight or underweight versus overweight and obesity subgroups. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2024 in Liaoning Province, China, using a self-administered questionnaire to collect demographic information and KAP scores. A total of 595 valid responses were analyzed (representing 91.4% of eligible participants), with 450 females (75.63%) and 145 males (24.37%). The overall knowledge score was 13.64 ± 5.88, with median attitude and practice scores of 28[25,31] and 35[32,42], respectively. Participants with overweight and obesity demonstrated higher scores in weight loss plateau understanding ( p  = 0.015) and realistic goal-setting ( p  < 0.001) compared to those with normal weight or underweight. Structural equation modeling identified significant associations between knowledge and both attitude (β=-0.40, 95% CI: -0.54,-0.20, p  < 0.001) and practice, with knowledge showing a positive direct association with practice (β = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.30,0.58, p  < 0.001) and a significant indirect association through attitude (β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.14,0.31, p  < 0.001) in the overall population. While participants demonstrated moderate levels of knowledge and attitudes regarding weight management, their practice levels were relatively low. Knowledge was significantly associated with both attitudes and practices, suggesting that educational interventions might be considered as a component in comprehensive approaches to weight management behaviors.

Cyanobacterial blooms, which are increasingly exacerbated by eutrophication and climate change, pose threats to ecosystems and public health. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in microbial intervention strategies for controlling cyanobacterial blooms. Current approaches primarily comprise direct lysis methods, indirect suppression methods, and integrated strategies. Direct algicide methods rapidly lyse cyanobacterial cells and degrade toxins, although their application is constrained by environmental sensitivity and host specificity. Indirect approaches offer sustainable preventive strategies by inhibiting cyanobacterial growth, yet require careful environmental management. Integrated methods combine microbial strategies with other technologies, enhancing both the efficiency and ecological safety of managing cyanobacterial blooms. While microbial strategies demonstrate significant potential, practical implementation faces challenges, including environmental adaptability, ecological safety, and regulatory frameworks. Future research should focus on integrating synthetic biology, intelligent delivery systems, and multi-omics technologies to achieve more effective and environmentally friendly management of cyanobacterial blooms.

Maritime UAV surveillance requires rapid, accurate identification of small surface targets amidst volatile sea states. Conventional detectors typically degrade under intense wave clutter, variable lighting, and edge computing constraints. To address these limitations, this paper presents YOLOv11-UAV, a compact framework optimized for real-time edge deployment. We introduce an SPPFLSC module integrating large separable kernel attention (LSKA-C) to extend the receptive field with minimal computational overhead. Additionally, an optimized C3k2-EVA block utilizing sparse decomposed large separable kernel attention (SDLSKA) improves feature representation and processing throughput. To refine localization for low-contrast objects, a high-resolution prediction head is integrated into the multi-scale pipeline. Quantitative evaluations on the SeaDronesSee benchmark demonstrate that YOLOv11-UAV yields substantial precision and recall gains, validating its efficacy for airborne maritime reconnaissance.

Obesity has become a major disease in dogs and cats. Dietary management is a preventive measure because controlling energy intake (e.g., portion size and diet energy density) helps maintain an ideal BCS and reduces the likelihood of progressive weight gain and associated metabolic abnormalities. This study evaluated a low-fat diet, with or without plant-extract supplementation, and its effects on serum biochemistry, lipid metabolism, gut microbiota, and metabolic profiles in healthy beagles. Thirty beagles were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 per group): a conventional diet (Group A), a low-fat diet (Group B), and a low-fat diet supplemented with plant extract (Group C). The experiment lasted for a total of 9 weeks, comprising an adaptation period of one week and an experimental period of eight weeks. Results showed that, compared with Group A, the low-fat diet interventions (Groups B and C) significantly reduced serum levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and total bile acids (p < 0.05). Furthermore, superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in Groups B and C than in Group A (p < 0.05). Compared with both Groups A and B, Group C exhibited significantly lower malondialdehyde levels, reduced proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6; p < 0.05), and decreased serum diamine oxidase activity and lipopolysaccharide levels (p < 0.05). The gut microbiota analysis revealed that Group C had a significantly increased relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis further indicated that beneficial metabolites, including γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamine, were significantly upregulated in Group C (p < 0.05). In conclusion, while a low-fat diet effectively regulated serum lipids in healthy dogs, the supplementation of a blended extract from Atractylodes lancea, Magnolia officinalis, and Citrus reticulata Blanco demonstrated broader efficacy. It further improved lipid metabolism, systemic antioxidant status, and intestinal barrier function, while attenuating inflammation and enriching beneficial gut microbes (Lactobacillus) and metabolites (GABA and glutamine). These findings suggest that while a low-fat diet alone is beneficial, its combination with plant extract provides a novel dietary strategy for promoting lipid metabolism and potentially reducing obesity-related disease risk in dogs.

In multi-tier supply chains, core enterprises must share sensitive data with dynamically changing partners, while simultaneously ensuring long-term confidentiality and fine-grained access control. However, existing ciphertext-policy attribute-based proxy re-encryption (CP-ABPRE) schemes are not key exposure resilient: once a decryption key is leaked, adversaries may decrypt large volumes of historical ciphertexts, and globally updating keys is prohibitively expensive. To enable key exposure resilient supply chain data sharing, we propose a lattice-based puncturable and revocable CP-ABPRE scheme, termed PR-CP-ABPRE, which incorporates a dual revocation mechanism based on user revocation and tag puncturing. The proxy can transform ciphertexts across different access policies without learning the embedded plaintext. Meanwhile, the data owner can centrally revoke misbehaving or expired receivers via a revocation list, and each receiver can locally puncture its secret key for specific tags, permanently disabling decryption of the corresponding historical ciphertexts while preserving access to other authorized data. Consequently, previously shared supply chain data remain confidential even if secret keys are compromised at a later time. We formalize the security model of PR-CP-ABPRE and prove its security in the standard model. As far as we are aware, PR-CP-ABPRE is the first CP-ABPRE scheme to simultaneously achieve post-quantum security, forward security, and user revocation, thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for post-quantum access control in supply chain environments.

Sour soup, a traditional fermented specialty from Northeast China, is renowned for its distinctive aroma and various health benefits. Here, we report the probiotic properties of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Z45—a strain isolated from sour soup broth—along with its fermentative potential in sour soup production. This strain is suitable for food fermentation due to its absence of biogenic amine production and non-hemolytic activity. It exhibited strong tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions and demonstrated high adherence capability to Caco-2 cells. Additionally, the strain displayed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that Z45 carries no virulence or antibiotic resistance genes. It also harbors multiple carbohydrate-active enzymes and a complete folate biosynthesis pathway, alongside genes associated with stress response, antioxidant activity, and adhesion. Subsequently, Z45 was employed as a starter culture for sour soup fermentation, and its effects on the physicochemical and sensory properties of the product were evaluated. The results indicated that fermentation with Z45 did not alter the physicochemical properties of sour soup but significantly enhanced its sensory attributes. Compared to spontaneous fermentation, Z45-fermented sour soup showed reduced levels of harmful biogenic amines, improved flavor and overall sensory quality, notable enrichment of Lactobacillus and Oscillospirales in the microbial community, and upregulation of beneficial metabolites such as flavonoids and glycerophosphocholine. In summary, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Z45 is safe, demonstrates probiotic potential, and holds promise for improving the quality and functional properties of fermented foods.