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Myocardial ischemia is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which reperfusion is currently the standard intervention. However, the reperfusion may lead to further myocardial damage, known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Oxidative stress is one of the most important pathological mechanisms in reperfusion injury, which causes apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and some other damage in cardiomyocytes through multiple pathways, thus causing irreversible cardiomyocyte damage and cardiac dysfunction. This article reviews the pathological mechanisms of oxidative stress involved in reperfusion injury and the interventions for different pathways and targets, so as to form systematic treatments for oxidative stress-induced myocardial reperfusion injury and make up for the lack of monotherapy.

The coordination of different container-handling equipment is an important method for improving the overall efficiency of automated container terminals. In the real terminal, we should consider many real-life issues, such as the equipment capacity, the equipment collision, changing lanes in the multi-lane road, and choosing one of container-handling lanes for each container. This paper proposes the integrated scheduling problem of three container-handling equipment with the capacity constraint and the dual-cycle strategy, for simultaneously solving the equipment scheduling problem, the assignment problem of the container-handling lane and the conflict-free route planning problem of automated guided vehicles (AGVs). With the objective of minimizing the ship’s berth time, we propose a mixed-integer programming model based on the space-time network representation method and two bilevel optimization algorithms based on conflict resolution rules. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and two bilevel optimization algorithms.

For the complicated operation process, many risk factors, and long cycle of urban logistics, it is difficult to manage the security of urban logistics and it enhances the risk. Therefore, to study a set of effective management mode for the safe operation of urban logistics and improve the risk prediction mechanism, is the primary research item of urban logistics security management. This paper summarizes the risk factors to public security in the process of urban logistics, including pick up, warehouse storage, transport, and the end distribution. Generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) to predict accidents, and the Apriori algorithm is used to analyze the combination of high-frequency risk factors. The results show that the method of combining GRNN with PSO is effective in accident prediction and has a powerful generalization ability. It can prevent the occurrence of unnecessary urban logistics public accidents, improve the ability of relevant departments to deal with emergency incidents, and minimize the impact of urban logistics accidents on social and public security.

Background/Aims: Qiliqiangxin (QL), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been demonstrated to be effective and safe for the treatment of chronic heart failure. Left ventricular (LV) remodeling causes depressed cardiac performance and is an independent determinant of morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). Our previous studies have shown that QL exhibits cardiac protective effects against heart failure after MI. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of QL on myocardial fibrosis in rats with MI and to investigate the underlying mechanism of these effects. Methods: A rat model of acute myocardial infarction was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats were treated with QL (1.0 g/kg/day) for 4 weeks after surgery. Echocardiography and histology examination were performed to evaluate heart function and fibrosis, respectively. Protein levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3), phosphorylated Smad7 (p-Smad7), collagen I (Col- I), alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B alpha (p-IκBα) were measured by western blot analysis. Results: QL treatment ameliorated adverse cardiac remodeling 8 weeks after AMI, including better preservation of cardiac function, decreased inflammation, and reduced fibrosis. In addition, QL treatment reduced Col-I, a-SMA, TGF-β1, and p-Smad3 expression levels but increased p-Smad7 levels in postmyocardial infarct rat hearts. QL administration also reduced the elevated levels of cardiac inflammation mediators, such as TNF-α and IL-6, as well as NF-κB and p-IκBα expression. Conclusions: QL therapy exerted protective effects against cardiac remodeling potentially by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways, thereby preserving cardiac function, as well as reducing myocardial inflammation and fibrosis.

This systematic review aimed to study the hippocampal and frontal changes of heart failure (HF) patients and HF animal models with cognitive impairment or depression. A systematic review of the literature was conducted independently by reviewers using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. 30 studies were included, involving 17 pieces of clinical research on HF patients and 13 studies of HF animal models. In HF patients, the hippocampal injuries were shown in the reduction of volume, CBF, glucose metabolism, and gray matter, which were mainly observed in the right hippocampus. The frontal damages were only in reduced gray matter and have no difference between the right and left sides. The included HF animal model studies were generalized and demonstrated the changes in inflammation and apoptosis, synaptic reduction, and neurotransmitter disorders in the hippocampus and frontal lobes. The results of HF animal model studies complemented the clinical observations by providing potential mechanistic explanations of the changes in the hippocampus and frontal lobes.

Aims This systematic review aimed to study the hippocampal and frontal changes of heart failure (HF) patients and HF animal models with cognitive impairment or depression. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted independently by reviewers using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. Results and conclusions 30 studies were included, involving 17 pieces of clinical research on HF patients and 13 studies of HF animal models. In HF patients, the hippocampal injuries were shown in the reduction of volume, CBF, glucose metabolism, and gray matter, which were mainly observed in the right hippocampus. The frontal damages were only in reduced gray matter and have no difference between the right and left sides. The included HF animal model studies were generalized and demonstrated the changes in inflammation and apoptosis, synaptic reduction, and neurotransmitter disorders in the hippocampus and frontal lobes. The results of HF animal model studies complemented the clinical observations by providing potential mechanistic explanations of the changes in the hippocampus and frontal lobes.

Exploiting the potential of mischmetal (MM, La–Ce–Pr–Nd mixture containing ≈80 wt% La–Ce) based MM–Fe–B permanent material as an advantageous alternative for the current Nd–Fe–B is intriguing, whereas remains an arduous quest due to the drastically deteriorated magnetic performance. Herein, a facile two‐step strategy is proposed that Al‐doping towards high maximum energy product (BH)max with the subsequential grain boundary diffusion processing (GBDP) toward high coercivity Hcj, i.e., a representative 0.7 wt% Al doping and Nd/Pr‐based GBDP yields the record‐high Hcj = 10.14 kOe and (BH)max = 28.02 MGOe for the MM–Fe–Al–Ga–B sintered magnets. Appropriate Al‐doping plays a pivotal role in accelerating the La/Ce segregation in the LaCe‐rich RE–(Al, Ga), La‐rich RE6(Fe, Al, Ga)14, and Ce‐rich REFe2 intergranular phases, resulting in enhanced intrinsic and extrinsic magnetism. The following Nd/Pr‐based GBDP generates large quantities of RE6(Fe, Al, Ga)14 phase in triple junctions and grain boundaries, together with continuous Nd/Pr‐rich magnetically hardening shell, finally harvesting the substantially boosted magnetic performance. This demonstration marks a clear picture of the two‐step strategy towards fully utilizing the abundant MM resources, and overcoming the long‐standing difficulty of applicable MM–Fe–B permanent material for industrialization. A facile two‐step strategy, Al‐doping toward high‐(BH)max followed by Nd/Pr‐based grain boundary diffusion processing toward high‐Hcj, endows the microcrystalline MM–Fe–Al–Ga–B magnet with substantially boosted magnetic performance [(BH)max = 28.02 MGOe, Hcj = 10.14 kOe]. These previously unattainable magnetic properties explicitly demonstrate the promising commercial prospects of rationally designed MM–Fe–Al–Ga–B permanent material.

Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and potential mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for treating coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with anxiety or depression. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed. Screening studies, extracting data, and assessing article quality were carried out independently by two researchers. The active ingredients of CHM for the treatment of CHD with anxiety or depression were analyzed by the network pharmacology, and the main potential mechanisms were summarized by the database of Web of Science. Results: A total of 32 studies were included. The results showed that compared with the blank control groups, CHM was more beneficial in treating anxiety or depression in patients with CHD [anxiety: OR = 3.22, 95% CI (1.94, 5.35), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 0%; depression: OR = 3.27, 95% CI (1.67, 6.40), p = 0.0005, I 2 = 0%], and the efficacy of CHM was not inferior to that of Western medicine (WM) [anxiety: OR = 1.58, 95%CI (0.39, 6.35), p = 0.52, I 2 = 67%; depression: OR = 1.97, 95%CI (0.73, 5.28), p = 0.18, I 2 = 33%,]. Additionally, CHM also showed a significant advantage in improving angina stability (AS) in CHD patients with anxiety or depression compared with blank groups [anxiety: SMD = 0.55, 95%CI (0.32, 0.79), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 0%; depression: p = 0.004] and WM groups [anxiety: SMD = 1.14, 95%CI (0.80, 1.47), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 0%; depression: SMD = 12.15, 95%CI (6.07, 18.23), p < 0.0001, I 2 = 0%]. Angina frequency (AF) and electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis after using CHM demonstrated similar trends. Based on the network pharmacology, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, beta-sitosterol, puerarin, stigmasterol, isorhamnetin, baicalein, tanshinone IIa, and nobiletin were most closely and simultaneously related to the pathological targets of CHD, anxiety, and depression. The main underlying mechanisms might involve anti-damage/apoptosis, anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, and maintaining neurotransmitter homeostasis. Conclusion: CHM exhibited an obvious efficacy in treating CHD patients with anxiety or depression, especially for improving the symptom of angina pectoris. The most active compounds of CHM could simultaneously act on the pathological targets of CHD, anxiety, and depression. Multiple effective components and multiple targets were the advantages of CHM compared with WM.

Atherosclerosis (AS)-related diseases are still the main cause of death in clinical patients. The phenotype switching, proliferation, migration, and secretion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have a pivotal role in atherosclerosis. Although numerous research studies have elucidated the role of VSMCs in AS, their potential functional regulations continue to be explored. The formation of AS involves various cells, such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Therefore, intercellular communication of blood vessels cannot be ignored due to closely connected endothelia, media, and adventitia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as the vectors of cell-to-cell communication, can deliver proteins and nucleic acids of parent cells to the recipient cells. EVs have emerged as being central in intercellular communication and play a vital role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of AS. This review summarizes the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from multiple cells (endothelial cells, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) on VSMCs in AS. The key findings of this review are as follows: 1) endothelial cell–derived EVs (EEVs) have anti- or pro-atherogenic effects on VSMCs; 2) macrophage-derived EVs (MEVs) aggravate the proliferation and migration of VSMCs; 3) mesenchymal stem cells can inhibit VSMCs; and 4) the proliferation and migration of VSMCs can be inhibited by the treatment of EVs with atherosclerosis-protective factors and promoted by noxious stimulants. These results suggested that EVs have the same functional properties as treated parent cells, which might provide vital guidance for treating AS.

In this paper, we analyze the evolution of quantum coherence in a two-qubit system going through the amplitude damping channel. After they have gone through this channel many times, we analyze the systems with respect to the coherence of their output states. When only one subsystem goes through the channel, frozen coherence occurs if and only if this subsystem is incoherent and an auxiliary condition is satisfied for the other subsystem. When two subsystems go through this quantum channel, quantum coherence can be frozen if and only if the two subsystems are both incoherent. We also investigate the evolution of coherence for maximally incoherent-coherent states and derive an equation for the output states after one or two subsystems have gone through the amplitude damping channel.