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In recent years, lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (LnMOFs) have developed to be an interesting subclass of MOFs. The combination of the characteristic luminescent properties of Ln ions with the intriguing topological structures of MOFs opens up promising possibilities for the design of LnMOF-based chemical sensors. In this review, we present the most recent developments of LnMOFs as chemical sensors by briefly introducing the general luminescence features of LnMOFs, followed by a comprehensive investigation of the applications of LnMOF sensors for cations, anions, small molecules, nitroaromatic explosives, gases, vapors, pH, and temperature, as well as biomolecules.

Recently, novel core–shell MOF@COF hybrids display excellent performance in various fields because of their inherited advantages from their parent MOFs and/or COFs. However, it is still a grand challenge to adjust the morphology of MOFs and/or COFs for consequent performance improvement. Herein, a Ti‐MOF@TpTt hybrid coated with ultra‐thin COF nanobelt, which is different from the fibrillar‐like parent COF, is successfully synthesized through a sequential growth strategy. The as‐obtained Pd decorated Ti‐MOF@TpTt catalyst exhibits much higher photocatalytic performance than those of Ti‐MOF, TpTt‐COF, and Ti‐MOF@TpTt hybrids with fibrillar‐like COF shell for the photocatalytic cascade reactions of ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis and nitroarenes hydrogenation. These can be attributed to its high BET surface area, core–shell structure, and type II heterojunction, which offers more accessible active sites and improves the separation efficiency of photo‐generated carriers. Finally, the possible mechanisms of the cascade reaction are also proposed to well explain the improved performance of this photocatalytic system. This work presents a constructive route for designing core–shell MOF@COF hybrids with controllable morphology adjustment of COF shell, leading to the improved photocatalytic ability to broaden the applications of MOF/COF hybrid materials. A novel Ti‐MOF@TpTt hybrid, which coats with ultrathin TpTt nanobelt as the shell, is successfully synthesized through a sequential growth strategy. The as‐obtained Pd decorated Pd@Ti‐MOF@TpTt catalyst exhibits much higher photocatalytic performance than Ti‐MOF, TpTt‐COF, and the hybrids with fibrillar‐like COF‐shell for the cascade reactions of AB hydrolysis and nitroarenes hydrogenation.

The unclear structures and polydispersity of metal nanoparticles (NPs) seriously hamper the identification of the active sites and the construction of structure‐reactivity relationships. Fortunately, ligand‐protected metal nanoclusters (NCs) with atomically precise structures and monodispersity have become an ideal candidate for understanding the well‐defined correlations between structure and catalytic property at an atomic level. The programmable kernel structures of atomically precise metal NCs provide a fantastic chance to modulate their size, shape, atomic arrangement, and electron state by the precise modulating of the number, type, and location of metal atoms. Thus, the special focus of this review highlights the most recent process in tailoring the catalytic activity and selectivity over metal NCs by precisely controlling their kernel structures. This review is expected to shed light on the in‐depth understanding of metal NCs’ kernel structures and reactivity relationships. Compared to NPs, Ligand‐protected NCs with atomically precise structures and monodispersity have become an ideal candidate for understanding the well‐defined correlations between structure and catalytic property at an atomic level. Tuning the kernel structure of NCs to improve catalytic activity and selectivity by tailoring the number, types, and positions of metal atoms is a novel strategy.

Curvature‐induced interfacial electric field effects and local strain engineering offer a powerful approach for optimizing the intrinsic catalytic activity of single‐atom catalysts (SACs). Investigations into the surface curvature on SACs are still ongoing, and the impact of the concave surface is often overlooked. In this work, theoretical calculations indicate that curved surfaces, particularly those with concavity, can optimize the electronic structures of single Fe sites and facilitate the reductive release of *OH. A carbon sphere featuring uniformly oriented channels and a chiral multi‐shelled carbon hollow nanosphere are selected as carbon matrices due to their accessible concave and/or convex surfaces. After loading Fe species, the resulting catalysts with Fe SA in curved surfaces exhibit excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity (E1/2 = ≈0.89 V), strong methanol tolerance, and favorable long‐term stability. Impressively, a solid‐state flexible Zn–air battery based on this catalyst exhibits a remarkable durability over 40 h with a high peak power density of 122.1 mW cm−2 and excellent charge–discharge performance at different bending angles. This work offers in‐depth insights into the rational design of carbon supports with highly curved surfaces, offering new opportunities for the microenvironmental regulation of SACs at the atomic level. The concave surfaces of carbon matrices can influence the electronic structures of Fe─N─C sites, providing a powerful approach for optimizing the intrinsic catalytic activity of single‐atom catalysts. A solid‐state flexible ZAB based on Fe/CCNs‐P123 exhibits a remarkable durability of 40 h with a high peak power density of 122.1 mW cm−2 and excellent charge–discharge performance at different bending angles.

TG–FTIR combined technology was used to study the degradation process and gas phase products of epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic (glass fiber reinforced plastic) under the atmospheres of high purity nitrogen. The pyrolysis characteristics of epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic were measured under different heating rates (5, 10, 15, 20 °C min−1) from 25 to 1000 °C. The thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) and differential thermogravimetric analyzer (DTG) curves show that the initial temperature, terminal temperature, and temperature of maximum weight loss rate in the pyrolysis reaction phase all move towards high temperature, as the heating rate increases. Epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic has two stages of thermal weightlessness. The temperature range of the first stage of weight loss is 290–460 °C. The second stage is 460–1000 °C. The above two weight loss stages are caused by pyrolysis of the epoxy resin matrix, and the glass fiber will not decompose. The dynamic parameters of glass fiber reinforced plastic were obtained through the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Flynn–Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and advanced Vyazovkin methods in model-free and the Coats–Redfern (CR) method in model fitting. FTIR spectrum result shows that the main components of the product gas are CO2, H2O, carbonyl components, and aromatic components during its pyrolysis.

The increase in environmental pollution due to the excessive use of fossil fuels has prompted the development of alternative and sustainable energy sources. As an abundant and sustainable energy, solar energy represents the most attractive and promising clean energy source for replacing fossil fuels. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are easily constructed and can be tailored towards favorable photocatalytic properties in pollution degradation, organic transformations, CO₂ reduction and water splitting. In this review, we first summarize the different roles of MOF materials in the photoredox chemical systems. Then, the typical applications of MOF materials in heterogeneous photocatalysis are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this promising field are evaluated.

Stimuli‐responsive structural transformations are emerging as a scaffold to develop a charming class of smart materials. A EuL metal‐organic framework (MOF) undergoes a reversible temperature‐stimulated single‐crystal to single‐crystal transformation, showing a specific behavior of fast capture/release of free Eu3+ in the channels at low and room temperatures. At room temperature, compound 1a is obtained with one free carboxylate group severing as further hook, featuring one‐dimensional square channels filled with intrinsic free europium ions. Trigged by lowering the ambient temperature, 1b is gained. In 1b, the intrinsic free europium ions can be fast captured by the carboxylate‐hooks anchored in the framework, resulting in the structural change and its channel distortion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a rapid and reversible switch stemming from dynamic control between noncovalent and covalent Eu–ligand interactions. Utilizing EuL MOF to detect highly explosive 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol at room temperature and low temperature provides a glimpse into the potential of this material in fluorescence sensors. A new EuL MOF undergoes a reversible single‐crystal to single‐crystal transformation, featuring a fast capture and release of free Eu3+ ions in the channels at low and room temperatures. Such rapid and reversible dynamic control between noncovalent and covalent Eu‐ligand interactions has the potential to develop smart materials.

Stimuli‐responsive structural transformations are emerging as a scaffold to develop a charming class of smart materials. A EuL metal‐organic framework (MOF) undergoes a reversible temperature‐stimulated single‐crystal to single‐crystal transformation, showing a specific behavior of fast capture/release of free Eu 3+ in the channels at low and room temperatures. At room temperature, compound 1a is obtained with one free carboxylate group severing as further hook, featuring one‐dimensional square channels filled with intrinsic free europium ions. Trigged by lowering the ambient temperature, 1b is gained. In 1b , the intrinsic free europium ions can be fast captured by the carboxylate‐hooks anchored in the framework, resulting in the structural change and its channel distortion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a rapid and reversible switch stemming from dynamic control between noncovalent and covalent Eu–ligand interactions. Utilizing EuL MOF to detect highly explosive 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol at room temperature and low temperature provides a glimpse into the potential of this material in fluorescence sensors.

Lanthanides (Ln 3+ ) doped luminescent materials play critical roles in lighting and display techniques. While increasing experimental and theoretical research have been carried out on aluminate-based phosphors for white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) over the past decades, most investigation was mainly focused on their luminescent properties; therefore, the local structure of the light emission center remains unclear. Especially, doping-induced local composition and structure modification around the luminescent centers have yet to be unveiled. In this study, we use advanced electron microscopy techniques including electron diffraction (ED), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), to reveal atomically resolved crystalline and chemical structure of Ce 3+ doped CaYAlO 4 . The microscopic results prove substantial microstructural and compositional inhomogeneities in Ce 3+ doped CaYAlO 4 , especially the appearance of Ce dopant clustering and Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ valence variation. Our research provides a new understanding the structure of Ln 3+ doped luminescent materials and will facilitate the materials design for next-generation WLEDs luminescent materials.

Homocysteine is an independent risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. There are two ways to remove homocysteine from embryonic cardiac cells： remethylation to form methionine or transsolfuration to form cysteine. Cystathionine β-synthase （CBS） catalyzes the first step of homocysteine transsulfuration as a rate-limiting enzyme. In this study, we identified a functional variant -4673C〉G （rs2850144） in the CBS gene promoter region that significant- ly reduces the susceptibility to congenital heart disease （CHD） in a Han Chinese population consisting of 2 340 CHD patients and 2 270 controls. Individuals carrying the heterozygous CG and homozygous GG genotypes had a 15% （odds ratio （OR） = 0.85, 95% confidence interval （CI） = 0.75-0.96, P = 0.011） and 40% （OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.49-0.73, P = 1.78 ×10^-7） reduced risk to develop CHD than the wild-type CC genotype carriers in the combined samples, respec-tively. Additional stratified analyses demonstrated that CBS -4673C〉G is significantly related to septation defects and conotruncal defects. In vivo detection of CBS mRNA levels in human cardiac tissues and in vitro luciferase assays consistently showed that the minor G allele significantly increased CBS transcription. A functional analysis revealed that both the attenuated transcription suppressor SP1 binding affinity and the CBS promoter hypomethylation spe-cifically linked with the minor G allele contributed to the remarkably upregulated CBS expression. Consequently, the carriers with genetically increased CBS expression would benefit from the protection due to the low homocysteine levels maintained by CBS in certain cells during the critical heart development stages. These results shed light on un-expected role of CBS and highlight the importance of homocysteine removal in cardiac development.