Explore the vast range of titles available.

Spoofing attacks posed by generating artificial speech can severely degrade the performance of a speaker verification system. Recently, many anti-spoofing countermeasures have been proposed for detecting varying types of attacks from synthetic speech to replay presentations. While there are numerous effective defenses reported on standalone anti-spoofing solutions, the integration for speaker verification and spoofing detection systems has obvious benefits. In this paper, we propose a spoofing-robust automatic speaker verification system for diverse attacks based on a multi-task learning architecture. This deep learning-based model is jointly trained with time-frequency representations from utterances to provide recognition decisions for both tasks simultaneously. Compared with other state-of-the-art systems on the ASVspoof 2017 and 2019 corpora, a substantial improvement of the combined system under different spoofing conditions can be obtained.

Under the background of the aging population and the improvement of people's quality of life, the demand for household medical devices is expanding, which has huge market potential. However, the recycling of waste household medical devices has become a problem that must be faced by the market expansion. In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by abandoned household medical devices, based on the dynamic punishment and dynamic subsidy measures adopted by the government, the evolutionary game model between the government and the household medical device enterprises is constructed. The strategic choice of the government and the domestic medical equipment enterprises is studied from the perspective of system dynamics. It is found that when the government adopts static measures, there is no stable equilibrium point in the game between the government and enterprises, while when the government adopts dynamic punishment or subsidies, there is a stable equilibrium point in the evolutionary game. In addition, the government can increase the penalty or reduce the subsidy to promote the probability of household medical device enterprises to choose recycling strategy and reduce environmental pollution.

In recent years, the research on supply chain finance has been mature, in the supply chain financial risk research, the research on credit risk is mostly. However, there is little research on online supply chain finance, especially on credit risk. Therefore, this article has carried on the detailed research to the commercial bank online supply chain financial credit risk assessment. Firstly, the article applies the literature induction method to review the supply chain financial credit risk indicators, add the “online” specific indicators to supplement, combine the indicators selection principle to determine the final indicators, and construct the commercial bank online supply chain financial credit risk assessment index system, select online The supply chain financial business carried out the concentrated SMEs in the automobile manufacturing industry as the research object, using the nonlinear LS-SVM model for empirical analysis, and compared with the logistic regression model results. Secondly, the designed index system can effectively evaluate credit risk. The classification accuracy of LS-SVM evaluation model is higher than that of Logistic regression model and it has strong generalization ability. It can comprehensively identify the credit risk of small and medium-sized financing enterprises, and provide a reasonable and scientific analysis and support tool for assessing SME credit risk. Finally, combined with the fierce competition background of supply chain finance, it is proposed that commercial banks should actively carry out online supply chain finance, comprehensive risk management and deepen cooperation with e-Business platforms and logistics platforms.

This study aims to examine the green innovation effect of the carbon emissions pilot policy in China. First, using the difference-in-differences method and regressions of instrumental variables using the data from Chinese listed firms, we verify that the policy promotes green innovation among regulated firms and is more pronounced among state-owned enterprises, firms in the eastern region, and those with lower financing constraints. Furthermore, this positive effect spreads downstream relative to the regulated firms through input–output linkages, but reduces green innovation to upstream firms. Accordingly, such diffusion of innovation is achieved through the price mechanism. The results necessitate the introduction of various derivatives to mobilize the market to reduce the speculative volatility of carbon prices. In addition, relevant supporting policies must be established to encourage corporate innovation to reduce the crowding-out effect owing to emission reduction and the nonmarket factors.

Telomerase is expressed in adult mouse, but not in most human, tissues and mouse telomeres are much longer than those in humans. This interspecies difference of telomere homeostasis poses a challenge in modeling human diseases using laboratory mice. Using chromatinized bacterial artificial chromosome reporters, we discovered that the 5′ intergenic region, introns 2 and 6 of human telomerase gene ( hTERT ) were critical for regulating its promoter in somatic cells. Accordingly, we engineered a humanized gene, hmTert , by knocking-in a 47-kilobase hybrid fragment containing these human non-coding sequences into the mTert locus in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The hmTert gene, encoding the wildtype mTert protein, was fully functional, as a mESC line with homozygous hmTert alleles proliferated for over 400 population doublings without exhibiting chromosomal abnormalities. Like human ESCs, the engineered mESCs contained high telomerase activity, which was repressed upon their differentiation into fibroblast-like cells in a histone deacetylase-dependent manner. Fibroblast-like cells differentiated from these mESCs contained little telomerase activity. Thus, telomerase in mESCs with the hmTert alleles was subjected to human-like regulation. Our study revealed a novel approach to engineer a humanized telomerase gene in mice, achieving a milestone in creating a mouse model with humanized telomere homeostasis.

A newly discovered myxosporean parasite was described from the gallbladder of Nemipterus virgatus Houttuyn, 1782 collected from the East China Sea. Mature myxospores are crescent-shaped with shell valves that taper gradually toward rounded ends. Each myxospore contained two sub-spherical polar capsules located near the anterior end, closely aligned along the suture line. The mature myxospores measured 6.2 ± 0.6 (5.4–6.9) μm in length and 44.8 ± 4.6 (38.5–53.1) μm in thickness. Polar capsules measured 2.8 ± 0.2 (2.4–3.1) μm in length and 2.3 ± 0.2 (1.9–2.6) μm in width, with polar filaments coiled in 2–3 turns. The small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence of Ceratomyxa nemiptera sp. nov. was distinct from all known myxosporeans, showing the highest similarity (93.56%) and the shortest genetic distance (0.0637) with Ceratomyxa arcuata Thélohan, 1892. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. nemiptera sp. nov. was positioned within a later-diverging lineage, forming a sister-group relationship with a clade containing C. arcuata and Ceratomyxa cretensis Kalatzis, Kokkari & Katharios, 2013. This is the first report of a Ceratomyxa species infecting N. virgatus.

Affected by the Internet, computer, information technology, etc., building a smart city has become a key task of socialist construction work. The smart city has always regarded green and low-carbon development as one of the goals, and the carbon emissions of the auto parts industry cannot be ignored, so we should carry out energy conservation and emission reduction. With the rapid development of the domestic auto parts industry, the number of car ownership has increased dramatically, producing more and more CO2 and waste. Facing the pressure of resources, energy, and environment, the effective and circular operation of the auto parts supply chain under the low-carbon transformation is not only a great challenge, but also a development opportunity. Under the background of carbon emission, this paper establishes a decision-making optimization model of the low-carbon supply chain of auto parts based on carbon emission responsibility sharing and resource sharing. This paper analyzes the optimal decision-making behavior and interaction of suppliers, producers, physical retailers, online retailers, demand markets, and recyclers in the auto parts industry, constructs the economic and environmental objective functions of low-carbon supply chain management, applies variational inequality to analyze the optimal conditions of the whole low-carbon supply chain system, and finally carries out simulation calculation. The research shows that the upstream and downstream auto parts enterprises based on low-carbon competition and cooperation can effectively manage the carbon footprint of the whole supply chain through the sharing of responsibilities and resources among enterprises, so as to reduce the overall carbon emissions of the supply chain system.

With the development of transportation technology, the improvement of transportation efficiency also increases the complexity and diversity of traffic safety risks; the public’s concern for traffic safety risks is increasing, and the traditional regulatory model is difficult to meet the improvement of the effectiveness of the safety regulation of the huge transportation network and the public’s changing safety needs. In order to enhance the effectiveness of safety regulation, a game model of safety risk regulation among the public, transport enterprises, and regulators is constructed to simulate the effects of different traffic risks, penalty levels, and exposure rates on the behavior of transport enterprises and regulators. The results of the study show that: traffic risk has a positive facilitating effect on the participation of transport enterprises and the public in the regulation of safety risks, which will accelerate the process of stabilization of their strategies; transport enterprises have a high sensitivity to changes in the level of punishment, and only when the level of punishment exceeds a certain threshold will they be able to promote the choice of complying with the transport; and a higher exposure will lead to a greater tendency for transport enterprises to choose complying with the transport.

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells maintain the health and functional integrity of both photoreceptors and the choroidal vasculature. Loss of RPE differentiation has long been known to play a critical role in numerous retinal diseases, including inherited rod-cone degenerations, inherited macular degeneration, age-related macular degeneration, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Recent studies in post-mortem eyes have found upregulation of critical epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) drivers such as TGF-β, Wnt, and Hippo. As RPE cells become less differentiated, they begin to exhibit the defining characteristics of mesenchymal cells, namely, the capacity to migrate and proliferate. A number of preclinical studies, including animal and cell culture experiments, also have shown that RPE cells undergo EMT. Taken together, these data suggest that RPE cells retain the reprogramming capacity to move along a continuum between polarized epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells. We propose that movement along this continuum toward a mesenchymal phenotype be defined as RPE Dysfunction. Potential mechanisms include impaired tight junctions, accumulation of misfolded proteins and dysregulation of several key pathways and molecules, such as TGF-β pathway, Wnt pathway, nicotinamide, microRNA 204/211 and extracellular vesicles. This review synthesizes the evidence implicating EMT of RPE cells in post-mortem eyes, animal studies, primary RPE, iPSC-RPE and ARPE-19 cell lines.

The green development level reflected in the green finance index and the evaluation of the degree of green development in smart cities have important practical effects on economic transformation. For promoting the transformation and upgrading of finance, we select 2013–2019 data and construct a distributed lag model to analyse the important role played by green finance and financial technology in the construction of smart cities. In the paper, we find green finance promotes the construction of smart cities, and only it will not appear until nine months late. Financial technology has an opposite impact on the construction of smart cities, this is mainly because the research and marketization of financial technology are higher, and the cost is also higher. This influence will appear in the next 14 months.