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At present, A oilfield is in the extremely high water-cut period, and it is the key to realize the distribution of residual oil potential. Through the data analysis of the sealed coring well, this is one of the most intuitive and reliable methods for residual oil distribution. The changes and growth of water wash thickness of various oil layers can be understood and analyzed, and the evolution process of oil formation status can be clearly seen with the deepening of oilfield water injection development and the infilling and adjustment of well pattern. The results show that the area is in the condition of medium water washing and still has great potential. The washing degree of one kind of oil layer is high, mainly medium and strong washing. The weak and unwashed oil layers are mainly concentrated in the second and third oil layers, which are the target of the next adjustment and exploration. According to the distribution of residual oil in the second and third oil layers, the next step is to optimize the adjustment of injectionproduction well pattern and the modification of cooperation measures. For improving the level of weak and unwashed reservoirs, it is of guiding significance for the subsequent development of reservoirs in the ultra-high water-cut period.

Although Transformers perform well in time series prediction, they struggle when dealing with real-world data where the joint distribution changes over time. Previous studies have focused on reducing the non-stationarity of sequences through smoothing, but this approach strips the sequences of their inherent non-stationarity, which may lack predictive guidance for sudden events in the real world. To address the contradiction between sequence predictability and model capability, this paper proposes an efficient model design for multivariate non-stationary time series based on Transformers. This design is based on two core components: (1)Low-cost non-stationary attention mechanism, which restores intrinsic non-stationary information to time-dependent relationships at a lower computational cost by approximating the distinguishable attention learned in the original sequence.; (2) dual-data-stream Progressively learning, which designs an auxiliary output stream to improve information aggregation mechanisms, enabling the model to learn residuals of supervised signals layer by layer.The proposed model outperforms the mainstream Tranformer with an average improvement of 5.3% on multiple datasets, which provides theoretical support for the analysis of non-stationary engineering data.

Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of noncoding RNAs and play important roles in tumorigenesis, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the functions of most circRNAs remain poorly understood. In our study, we aimed to investigate the functions of a new circRNA circ-DONSON in GC progression. Methods The expression of circ-DONSON in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues was analyzed by bioinformatics method, qRT-PCR, Northern blotting and in situ hybridization (ISH). The effects of circ-DONSON on GC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were measured by using CCK8, colony formation, EdU, immunofluorescence (IF), FACS and Transwell assays. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were utilized to validate how circ-DONSON regulates SOX4 expression. ChIP, DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (DNA-FISH) and DNA accessibility assays were used to investigate how circ-DONSON regulates SOX4 transcription. The interaction between circ-DONSON and NURF complex was evaluated by mass spectrum, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), pulldown and EMSA assays. Xenograft mouse model was used to analyze the effect of circ-DONSON on GC growth in vivo. Results Elevated expression of circ-DONSON was observed in GC tissues and positively associated with advanced TNM stage and unfavorable prognosis. Silencing of circ-DONSON significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells while promoting apoptosis. circ-DONSON was localized in the nucleus, recruited the NURF complex to SOX4 promoter and initiated its transcription. Silencing of the NURF complex subunit SNF2L, BPTF or RBBP4 similarly attenuated GC cell growth and increased apoptosis. circ-DONSON knockdown inhibited GC growth in vivo. Conclusion circ-DONSON promotes GC progression through recruiting the NURF complex to initiate SOX4 expression.

Carbon nanomaterials show outstanding promise as electrocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) synthesis via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction. However, carbon-based electrocatalysts that are capable of generating H 2 O 2 at industrial-level current densities (>300 mA cm −2 ) with high selectivity and long-term stability remain to be discovered. Herein, few-layer boron nanosheets are in-situ introduced into a porous carbon matrix, creating a metal-free electrocatalyst (B n -C) with H 2 O 2 production rates of industrial relevance in neutral or alkaline media. B n -C maintained > 95% Faradaic efficiency during a 140-hour test at 300 mA cm −2 and 0.1 V vs. RHE, and delivered a mass activity of 25.1 mol g catalyst −1 h −1 in 1.0 M Na 2 SO 4 using a flow cell. Theoretical simulations and experimental studies demonstrate that the superior catalytic performance originates from B atoms with adsorbed O atoms in the boron nanosheets. B n -C outperforms all metal-based and metal-free carbon catalysts reported to date for H 2 O 2 synthesis at industrial-level current densities. Carbon nanomaterials show promise for H 2 O 2 synthesis, but carbon electrocatalysts with industrial-level performance and stability require more research. Here the authors report few-layer boron nanosheets for H 2 O 2 electrochemical production with > 95% Faradaic efficiency during 140-hour test at 300 mA cm -2 .

Investigate the protective effects of chicken bile-derived exosomes (CB-exos) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute hepatocyte injury. CB-exos were characterized by transmission electron microscopy observation and Western blotting. Subsequently, after 24 h of CB-exos treatment, the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in the hepatocyte culture supernatant and chicken serum were measured using specific test kits. The morphology of hepatocytes was observed under a microscope. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to detect the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis-related proteins, and hepatocyte growth factors. CB-exos exhibited a typical cup-shaped morphology with an average diameter 50–100 nm, and the exosomal marker Tsg-101 was successfully detected. Treatment with CB-exos significantly reduced the concentrations of ALT and AST in the supernatant and chicken serum. Microscopic examination revealed the emergence of newly divided hepatocyte clusters. In liver tissues, CB-exos effectively mitigated the inflammatory response, with areas previously affected by inflammation being replaced by regenerating hepatocytes. Furthermore, CB-exos significantly down-regulated the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, caspase-3 and Bax in damaged hepatocytes and liver tissues. Conversely, the expression levels of the Bcl-2 and hepatocyte growth factors (HGF) were markedly increased. CB-exos possess the capacity to alleviate hepatocyte injury and promote cell division and regeneration.

Background Dementia is a prevalent non-motor manifestation among individuals with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an inflammatory marker derived from astrocytes. Research has demonstrated the potential of plasma GFAP to forecast the progression to dementia in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD–MCI). However, the predictive role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) GFAP on future cognitive transformation and alterations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-associated CSF biomarkers in newly diagnosed PD patients has not been investigated. Methods 210 de novo PD patients from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative were recruited. Cognitive progression in PD participants was evaluated using Cox regression. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between baseline CSF GFAP and cognitive function and AD-related CSF biomarkers were evaluated using multiple linear regression and generalized linear mixed model. Results At baseline, the mean age of PD participants was 60.85 ± 9.78 years, including 142 patients with normal cognition (PD–NC) and 68 PD–MCI patients. The average follow-up time was 6.42 ± 1.69 years. A positive correlation was observed between baseline CSF GFAP and age (β = 0.918, p  < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in baseline CSF GFAP levels between PD–NC and PD–MCI groups. Higher baseline CSF GFAP predicted greater global cognitive decline over time in early PD patients (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, β = − 0.013, p  = 0.014). Furthermore, Cox regression showed that high baseline CSF GFAP levels were associated with a high risk of developing dementia over an 8-year period in the PD–NC group (adjusted HR = 3.070, 95% CI 1.119–8.418, p  = 0.029). In addition, the baseline CSF GFAP was positively correlated with the longitudinal changes of not only CSF α-synuclein (β = 0.313, p  < 0.001), but also CSF biomarkers associated with AD, namely, amyloid-β 42 (β = 0.147, p  = 0.034), total tau (β = 0.337, p  < 0.001) and phosphorylated tau (β = 0.408, p  < 0.001). Conclusions CSF GFAP may be a valuable prognostic tool that can predict the severity and progression of cognitive deterioration, accompanied with longitudinal changes in AD-associated pathological markers in early PD.

The proliferation of digital devices has led to increased screen time among adolescents, raising concerns about its impact on health, development, and academic performance. This study aimed to investigate the current state of digital screen time associated with short-videos among adolescents, analyze learning strategies across different demographic groups, and evaluate the influence of short-videos on adolescents’ daily lives and learning strategies. A quantitative validation study was conducted with 4515 participants from 18 schools in HeBei province. Data were collected through a questionnaire that included demographic information, reasons for watching short-videos, and Zhang Yeheng’s Learning Strategy Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSSAU software, with non-parametric tests to compare groups. After removing invalid questionnaires, 3028 valid responses were analyzed. Middle school students scored higher in learning strategies than high school students. Participants who owned mobile phones and used these devices primarily on weekends had higher learning strategy scores. Conversely, increased daily screen time was associated with lower learning strategy scores. Short-video usage has a complex impact on adolescent learning strategies. While providing informational resources, excessive use may distract and impair learning outcomes. Collaborative efforts from families, schools, and society are needed to guide healthy short-video usage for adolescents’ learning development.

Objective To concurrently evaluate the impact of both structural empowerment (SE) and psychological empowerment (PE) on the dual outcomes of nurse job satisfaction and burnout, and to compare findings with published meta-analyses to clarify incremental value. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library from inception until September 30, 2025. Cross-sectional studies reporting correlation coefficients between SE/PE and satisfaction/burnout were included. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses by geographical region were performed, and publication bias was assessed using a triple-testing method. Results Thirty-seven studies involving 18,104 participants were included. SE demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with job satisfaction ( r  = 0.52), a negative correlation with emotional exhaustion ( r = -0.25), but a positive correlation with depersonalization ( r  = 0.27). PE showed a weaker correlation with satisfaction ( r  = 0.33) and no significant associations with any burnout dimensions. Effect sizes were significantly larger in Chinese samples compared to those from Europe and North America. Trim-and-fill analyses indicated robust results. Conclusion Across predominantly cross-sectional studies, higher empowerment—particularly structural empowerment—was consistently associated with higher nurse job satisfaction and lower emotional exhaustion. Associations with other burnout dimensions were less consistent (including an unexpected positive correlation with depersonalization), warranting cautious interpretation and careful attention to measurement/scoring harmonization. Overall, the findings indicate correlational relationships rather than causal effects and can inform the design of context-appropriate empowerment strategies and future longitudinal research.

Highlights The flash Joule heating controllably enhanced sp 2 -domains content in various N-doped natural biomass-based carbon. The axial modulation of sp 2 -C domains decreased the charge density of pyridinic N and graphitic N configurations resulting into outstanding oxygen electrocatalysis. The assembled Zn-air battery with optimized catalyst achieved an over 1200-h cycle stability with the peak power density of 121 mW cm −2 , exceeding the commercial Pt/C + RuO 2 catalysts. Natural biomass-derived carbon material is one promising alternative to traditional graphene-based catalyst for oxygen electrocatalysis. However, their electrocatalytic performance were constrained by the limited modulating strategy. Herein, using N-doped commercial coconut shell-derived activated carbon (AC) as catalyst model, the controllably enhanced sp 2 -C domains, through an flash Joule heating process, effectively improve the edge defect density and overall graphitization degree of AC catalyst, which tunes the electronic structure of N configurations and accelerates electron transfer, leading to excellent oxygen reduction reaction performance (half-wave potential of 0.884 V RHE , equivalent to commercial 20% Pt/C, with a higher kinetic current density of 5.88 mA cm −2 ) and oxygen evolution reaction activity (overpotential of 295 mV at 10 mA cm 2 ). In a Zn-air battery, the catalyst shows outstanding cycle stability (over 1200 h) and a peak power density of 121 mW cm −2 , surpassing commercial Pt/C and RuO 2 catalysts. Density functional theory simulation reveals that the enhanced catalytic activity arises from the axial regulation of local sp 2 -C domains. This work establishes a robust strategy for sp 2 -C domain modulation, offering broad applicability in natural biomass-based carbon catalysts for electrocatalysis.

Ginkgolide B (GB) is a terpene lactone derivative of Ginkgo biloba that is believed to function in a neuroprotective manner ideal for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite its promising therapeutic properties, GB has poor bioavailability following oral administration and cannot readily achieve sufficient exposure in treated patients, limiting its clinical application for the treatment of PD. In an effort to improve its efficacy, we utilized poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) nanoparticles as a means of encapsulating GB (GB-NPs). These NPs facilitated the sustained release of GB into the blood, thereby improving its ability to accumulate in the brain and to treat PD. Using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we were able to confirm that these NPs could be taken into cells via multiple nonspecific mechanisms including micropinocytosis, clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and lipid raft/caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Once internalized, these NPs tended to accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. In zebrafish, we determined that these NPs were readily able to undergo transport across the chorion, gastrointestinal, blood-brain, and blood-retinal barriers. In a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP )-induced neuronal damage model system, we confirmed the neuroprotective potential of these NPs. Following oral administration to rats, GB-NPs exhibited more desirable pharmacokinetics than did free GB, achieving higher GB concentrations in both the brain and the blood. Using a murine PD model, we demonstrated that these GB-NPs achieved superior therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity relative to free GB. In conclusion, these results indicate that NPs encapsulation of GB can significantly improve its oral bioavailability, cerebral accumulation, and bioactivity via mediating its sustained release in vivo.