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"Zhao, Zhigang"
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A brief overview of China's ETS pilots : deconstruction and assessment of Guangdong's greenhouse gas emission trading mechanism
This book systematically introduces readers to the framework of China's ETS pilots, exploring their design and operating process, the current state of the carbon market, and various barriers encountered. To do so, it deconstructs the Guangdong ETS, which is the largest and most representative of China's seven ETS pilots. The book subsequently describes and evaluates all seven pilots in terms of their efficiency, macro and micro effects, the method involved in the DEA model, the CGE model, and cost-benefit analysis. In turn, in the assessment section it demonstrates how some ETS pilots have failed to control carbon emissions due to inordinately high emissions quotas issued by the local government etc. Further, it argues that ETS should focus on those industries with large emissions and high mitigating potential for the time being, and then gradually expand the scale of its coverage. As China's national ETS is slated for launch on the basis of the lessons learned from the ETS pilots, the book offers a timely and valuable resource for all those who want to understand and forecast the development of China's ETS. It includes a wealth of descriptions and explanations of Chinese government policies involving carbon emissions control, making it a unique resource.
Book
Towards full-colour tunability of inorganic electrochromic devices using ultracompact fabry-perot nanocavities
Intercalation-based inorganic materials that change their colours upon ion insertion/extraction lay an important foundation for existing electrochromic technology. However, using only such inorganic electrochromic materials, it is very difficult to achieve the utmost goal of full-colour tunability for future electrochromic technology mainly due to the absence of structural flexibility. Herein, we demonstrate an ultracompact asymmetric Fabry-Perot (F-P) nanocavity-type electrochromic device formed by using partially reflective metal tungsten as the current collector and reflector layer simultaneously; this approach enables fairly close matching of the reflections at both interfaces of the WO
3
thin layer in device form, inducing a strong interference. Such an interference-enhanced device that is optically manipulated at the nanoscale displays various structural colours before coloration and, further, can change to other colours including blue, red, and yellow by changing the optical indexes (n, k) of the tungsten oxide layer through ion insertion.
Electrochromic devices are generally not capable of tuning more than one color. Here, the authors use Fabry-Perot nanocavities to create electrochromic devices with a wide color tuning range and vibrant color.
Journal Article
Electrochromic semiconductors as colorimetric SERS substrates with high reproducibility and renewability
Electrochromic technology has been actively researched for displays, adjustable mirrors, smart windows, and other cutting-edge applications. However, it has never been proposed to overcome the critical problems in the field of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Herein, we demonstrate a generic electrochromic strategy for ensuring the reproducibility and renewability of SERS substrates, which are both scientifically and technically important due to the great need for quantitative analysis, standardized production and low cost in SERS. This color-changing strategy is based on a unique quantitative relationship between the SERS signal amplification and the coloration degree within a certain range, in which the SERS activity of the substrate can be effectively inferred by judging the degree of color change. Our results may provide a first step toward the rational design of electrochromic SERS substrates with a high sensitivity, reproducibility, and renewability.
Electrochromic technology has diverse cutting-edge applications, but it has never been used to overcome the critical problems in the field of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Here, the authors demonstrate a generic electrochromic strategy for ensuring the reproducibility and renewability of SERS substrates.
Journal Article
Semiconductor SERS enhancement enabled by oxygen incorporation
Semiconductor-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates represent a new frontier in the field of SERS. However, the application of semiconductor materials as SERS substrates is still seriously impeded by their low SERS enhancement and inferior detection sensitivity, especially for non-metal-oxide semiconductor materials. Herein, we demonstrate a general oxygen incorporation-assisted strategy to magnify the semiconductor substrate–analyte molecule interaction, leading to significant increase in SERS enhancement for non-metal-oxide semiconductor materials. Oxygen incorporation in MoS
2
even with trace concentrations can not only increase enhancement factors by up to 100,000-fold compared with oxygen-unincorporated samples but also endow MoS
2
with low limit of detection below 10
−7
M. Intriguingly, combined with the findings in previous studies, our present results indicate that both oxygen incorporation and extraction processes can result in SERS enhancement, probably due to the enhanced charge-transfer resonance as well as exciton resonance arising from the judicious control of oxygen admission in semiconductor substrate.
The application of non-metal-oxide semiconductor materials as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates is impeded by their low SERS enhancement and detection sensitivity. Here, the authors develop a general oxygen incorporation strategy to magnify these parameters.
Journal Article
Noble metal-comparable SERS enhancement from semiconducting metal oxides by making oxygen vacancies
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) represents a very powerful tool for the identification of molecular species, but unfortunately it has been essentially restricted to noble metal supports (Au, Ag and Cu). While the application of semiconductor materials as SERS substrate would enormously widen the range of uses for this technique, the detection sensitivity has been much inferior and the achievable SERS enhancement was rather limited, thereby greatly limiting the practical applications. Here we report the employment of non-stoichiometric tungsten oxide nanostructure, sea urchin-like W
18
O
49
nanowire, as the substrate material, to magnify the substrate–analyte molecule interaction, leading to significant magnifications in Raman spectroscopic signature. The enrichment of surface oxygen vacancy could bring additional enhancements. The detection limit concentration was as low as 10
−7
M and the maximum enhancement factor was 3.4 × 10
5
, in the rank of the highest sensitivity, to our best knowledge, among semiconducting materials, even comparable to noble metals without ‘hot spots’.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is widely used for rapid and sensitive molecular detection in chemistry and biology, but typically relies on noble metals. Here the authors report a non-stoichiometric semiconducting material with defect-rich surface that displays excellent detection limits and enhancement factors.
Journal Article
Thermal migration towards constructing W-W dual-sites for boosted alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Tungsten carbides, featured by their Pt-like electronic structure, have long been advocated as potential replacements for the benchmark Pt-group catalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction. However, tungsten-carbide catalysts usually exhibit poor alkaline HER performance because of the sluggish hydrogen desorption behavior and possible corrosion problem of tungsten atoms by the produced hydroxyl intermediates. Herein, we report the synthesis of tungsten atomic clusters anchored on P-doped carbon materials via a thermal-migration strategy using tungsten single atoms as the parent material, which is evidenced to have the most favorable Pt-like electronic structure by in-situ variable-temperature near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Accordingly, tungsten atomic clusters show markedly enhanced alkaline HER activity with an ultralow overpotential of 53 mV at 10 mA/cm
2
and a Tafel slope as low as 38 mV/dec. These findings may provide a feasible route towards the rational design of atomic-cluster catalysts with high alkaline hydrogen evolution activity.
While platinum is a highly active catalyst for H
2
evolution, its low abundance prompts research into earth-abundant alternatives. Here, authors prepare tungsten atomic clusters on phosphorus doped carbon by thermal migration and demonstrate excellent activities for hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis.
Journal Article
Underwater Hyperspectral Imaging Technology and Its Applications for Detecting and Mapping the Seafloor: A Review
Common methods of ocean remote sensing and seafloor surveying are mainly carried out by airborne and spaceborne hyperspectral imagers. However, the water column hinders the propagation of sunlight to deeper areas, thus limiting the scope of observation. As an emerging technology, underwater hyperspectral imaging (UHI) is an extension of hyperspectral imaging technology in air conditions, and is undergoing rapid development for applications in shallow and deep-sea environments. It is a close-range, high-resolution approach for detecting and mapping the seafloor. In this paper, we focus on the concepts of UHI technology, covering imaging systems and the correction methods of eliminating the water column’s influence. The current applications of UHI, such as deep-sea mineral exploration, benthic habitat mapping, and underwater archaeology, are highlighted to show the potential of this technology. This review can provide an introduction and overview for those working in the field and offer a reference for those searching for literature on UHI technology.
Journal Article
Ceramide in cerebrovascular diseases
Ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid, serves as an important second messenger in cell signal transduction. Under stressful conditions, it can be generated from de novo synthesis, sphingomyelin hydrolysis, and/or the salvage pathway. The brain is rich in lipids, and abnormal lipid levels are associated with a variety of brain disorders. Cerebrovascular diseases, which are mainly caused by abnormal cerebral blood flow and secondary neurological injury, are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. There is a growing body of evidence for a close connection between elevated ceramide levels and cerebrovascular diseases, especially stroke and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The increased ceramide has broad effects on different types of brain cells, including endothelial cells, microglia, and neurons. Therefore, strategies that reduce ceramide synthesis, such as modifying sphingomyelinase activity or the rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo synthesis pathway, serine palmitoyltransferase, may represent novel and promising therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat cerebrovascular injury-related diseases.
Journal Article
Correlation between white blood cell count at admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study
Background
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become a world health threaten. Its risk factors with death were still not known. White blood cells (WBC) count as a reflection of inflammation has played a vital role in COVID-19, however its level with death is not yet investigated.
Methods
In this retrospective, single-center study, all confirmed patients with COVID-19 at West Branch of Union Hospital from Jan 29 to Feb 28, 2020 were collected and analyzed. Demographic and clinical data including laboratory examinations were analyzed and compared between recovery and death patients.
Results
A total of 163 patients including 33 death cases were included in this study. Significant association was found between WBC count and death (HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.09–1.20,
p
< 0.001). The regression analysis results showed there was a significant association between WBC count and death (HR = 5.72, 95%CI: 2.21–14.82, p < 0.001) when use the second quartile as a cutoff value (> 6.16 × 10^9/L). The difference was still exist after adjusting for confounding factors (HR = 6.26, 95%CI: 1.72–22.77,
p
= 0.005). In addition, Kaplan-meier survival analysis showed that there was a significant decline of the cumulative survival rate (
p
< 0.001) in those with WBC count ≥6.16 × 10^9/L.
Conclusion
WBC count at admission is significantly corelated with death in COVID-19 patients. Higher level of WBC count should be given more attention in the treatment of COVID-19.
Journal Article
Antiplatelet therapy trends in Chinese ischemic stroke patients 2019–2024
To analyze the current status and trends of antiplatelet medication use among ischemic stroke (IS) patients in China. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the China Hospital Prescription Analysis Database (2019–2024), analyzing 1,505,850 prescriptions. Mann–Kendall tests were employed to analyze the trends of prescriptions and cost, while log-linear models assessed changes in medication proportions. Defined daily cost (DDC) was calculated to evaluate economic differences. Among 1,505,850 prescriptions analyzed, 63.5% were for male patients, and 64.6% were for patients aged 65 and older. The patients median age of the prescriptions were 69 years (IQR: 61–78).Total antiplatelet prescriptions increased significantly from 300,573 in 2019 to 336,142 in 2024 (
P
= 0.024). Aspirin remained predominant (52.7%), while clopidogrel use declined significantly (46.6% to 40.9%,
P
= 0.002). Ticagrelor and indobufen showed rapid growth (both
P
< 0.001). Significant economic variations were observed: aspirin had the lowest DDC (¥0.57/DDD), while clopidogrel (¥3.60/DDD) and ticagrelor (¥6.61/DDD) decreased post-national centralized volume-based procurement policy (
P
< 0.001). Regional disparities were notable, with Zhengzhou (
P
< 0.001) and Hangzhou (
P
= 0.008) showing the fastest growth, while Tianjin (
P
< 0.001) and Shanghai (
P
= 0.003) declined significantly. Cilostazol demonstrated 104% regional DDC variation (Shenyang ¥16.96/DDD vs. Harbin ¥8.29/DDD). Antiplatelet prescription counts in Chinese IS patients increased in the past five years, with aspirin remaining the most widely used and cost-effective option. The treatment landscape shows “traditional drug dominance with new drug growth”, marked by significant economic and regional variations, necessitating guideline-aligned and policy-informed optimization of medication strategies.
Journal Article