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Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in the field of epitranscriptomics. Functional interpretation of the epitranscriptome relies on sequencing technologies that determine the location and stoichiometry of various RNA modifications. However, contradictory results have been reported among studies, bringing the biological impacts of certain RNA modifications into doubt. Here, we develop a synthetic RNA library resembling the endogenous transcriptome but without any RNA modification. By incorporating this modification-free RNA library into established mapping techniques as a negative control, we reveal abundant false positives resulting from sequence bias or RNA structure. After calibration, precise and quantitative mapping expands the understanding of two representative modification types, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytosine (m5C). We propose that this approach provides a systematic solution for the calibration of various RNA-modification mappings and holds great promise in epitranscriptomic studies.This work describes the generation of a modification-free RNA library that resembles endogenous transcriptome sequence and expression level, which can be used as a negative control in epitranscriptomic sequencing methods to obtain high-confidence and quantitative maps of various RNA modifications.

In today's rapidly evolving society, as technology continues to advance, various new forms and methods of crime emerge incessantly. It becomes particularly crucial to accurately predict future criminal behaviors. This paper delves into the study of forecasting home burglary crimes in the realm of property-related offenses. Utilizing a dataset of criminal cases, relevant variables with high correlation to crime prediction are selected as features. Through employing diverse machine learning algorithms, the likelihood of the occurrence of home burglary crimes is forecasted. Consequently, a crime prediction model specifically tailored for home burglary cases is constructed, and the accuracy of the model is evaluated. By using the accuracy of the model as the benchmark, the optimal crime prediction model is chosen, and a system is implemented for building and evaulating the model. Experimental results demonstrate that the developed crime prediction model is capable of effectively foreseeing home burglary crimes, thereby providing valuable support and scientific evidence for the prevention and handling of such criminal cases.

As the highest and most extensive plateau on earth, the Tibetan Plateau has strong thermo- dynamic effect, which not only affects regional climate around the plateau but precipitation patterns of scattered meteorological also temperature and itself. However, due to stations, its spatial precipitation pattern and, especially, the mechanism behind are poorly understood. The availability of spatially consistent satellite-derived precipitation data makes it possible to get accurate precipitation pattern in the plateau, which could help quantitatively explore the effect and mechanism of mass elevation effect on precipitation pattern. This paper made full use of TMPA 3B43 V7 monthly precipitation data to track the trajectory of precipitation and identified four routes （east, southeast, south, west directions） along which moisture-laden air masses move into the plateau. We made the assumption that precipitation pattern is the result interplay of these four moisture- laden air masses transportation routes against the distances from moisture sources and the topographic barriers along the routes. To do so, we developed a multivariate linear regression model with the spatial distribution of annual mean precipitation as the dependent variable and the topographical barriers to these four moisture sources as independent variables. The result shows that our model could explain about 7o% of spatial variation of mean annual precipitation pattern in the plateau; the regression analysis also shows that the southeast moisture source （the Bay of Bengal） contributes the most （32.56%） to the rainfall pattern of the plateau; the east and the south sources have nearly the same contribution, 23.59% and 23.48%, respectively; while the west source contributes the least, only 2o.37%. The findings of this study can greatly improve our understanding of mass elevation effect on spatial precipitation pattern.

Silver nanoclusters（NCs） embedded in soda-lime glass was synthesized by the electric fieldassisted diffusion（EFAD） and successive annealing. The samples were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, and lifetime measurements. The experimental results show that the growth of silver clusters is favored by the annealing temperature and dwell time. The as-diffused and annealed glass samples show photoluminescence around 550 nm under UV excitation, which can be associated with the presence of L-center and Ag3~＋ cluster. And the increasing of the annealing temperature and dwell time results in an appearance of the SPR peak and the decreasing of the luminescence intensities because the Ag3~＋ clusters grow up into the Ag nanoparticles.

This study aimed to explore the mediating effects of ADL and depression on the relationship between sleep quality and HRQOL among older people in rural China, while also exploring the moderating impact of loneliness. The study gathered data from a household survey conducted among 1587 Chinese rural older adults (mean age = 73.63 years). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 software (IBM, New York, USA) and the PROCESS macro version 4.0 program. The findings indicated a significant correlation between sleep quality, ADL, depression, loneliness and HRQOL. ADL and depression exhibited a chain mediation effect on the relationship between sleep quality and HRQOL. Notably, the association between sleep quality and HRQOL was entirely mediated by ADL and depression. Additionally, loneliness acted as a moderator in the relationship between ADL and HRQOL. The findings of this study suggest that interventions focusing on sleep quality should prioritize strategies for enhancing older adults’ ADL and depression as integral components of promoting older adults’ HRQOL.

To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of the novel systemic intravenous anesthetic ET-26-an etomidate derivative designed to reduce adrenal suppression-in healthy elderly and non-elderly subjects. In this Phase I, single-center, non-randomized, open-label trial, 16 volunteers were enrolled: eight elderly (≥65 years, including ≥75 years) and eight non-elderly (18-64 years), matched for gender and body weight. Each received a standardized IV infusion of ET-26. Plasma concentrations were measured for plasma protein binding, C and AUC; time to loss of consciousness (LOC) and safety were assessed. In 16 subjects (8 elderly/8 non-elderly), ET-26 showed higher exposure in the elderly (C GMR 198.81%, 90% CI 126.51-312.45) and was 23.5% higher (90% CI: 107.6%-141.9%) with comparable pharmacodynamics (median LOC time 1.933 min). Plasma protein binding remained stable (intergroup difference ≤1.0%). Drug-related TEAEs (37.5%) were mild and self-limiting. Despite elevated systemic exposure in elderly subjects, ET-26 demonstrates comparable efficacy and retains a favorable tolerability profile across age groups, eliminating the need for dose adjustments in elderly populations. http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/clinicaltrials.searchlist.dhtml?keywords=CTR20233784, identifier CTR20233784.

It is economical to transform abandoned oil/geothermal wells into closed deep geothermal heat exchangers with coaxial tubes. A numerical model of a coaxial geothermal heat exchanger (CGHE) with varying borehole diameters is established according to an abandoned well in Northern China. The finite difference method is adopted to solve the temperature distribution, and the accuracy of the model is validated with experimental data. Based on the existing structure of the abandoned well with different depths, the feasibility of its conversion into a deep CGHE is discussed, and this study uses the orthogonal experimental method to analyze the influence of four main factors and their significance level on the average heat extraction rate, with the heat extraction rate up to 422.18 kW in the optimal combination. This study also integrates with actual project considerations and conducts an economic analysis to determine the most appropriate circulation fluid flow rate. The results highlight the key factors on the heat transfer performance of the CGHE, with the inlet water temperature to the CGHE being the most significant, followed by the configuration of the CGHE retrofitted from abandoned. From the economic perspective, given that the CGHE in this study is retrofitted from the abandoned oil Wells, the drilling cost can be reduced by up to CNY 1800 thousand, and the flow rate design of 35 m3/h is the optimal choice, ensuring a cost-effective system operation while meeting the operational requirements of the deep CGHE.

Alpine treeline, as a prominent ecological boundary between forested mountain slopes and alpine meadow/shrub, is highly complex in altitudinal distribution and sensitive to warming climate. Great efforts have been made to explore their distribution patterns and ecological mechanisms that determine these patterns for more than 100 years, and quite a number of geographical and ecophysiological models have been developed to correlate treeline altitude with latitude or a latitude related temperature. However,on a global scale, all of these models have great difficulties to accurately predict treeline elevation due to the extreme diversity of treeline site conditions.One of the major reasons is that ＂mass elevation effect＂（MEE） has not been quantified globally and related with global treeline elevations although it has been observed and its effect on treeline elevations in the Eurasian continent and Northern Hemisphere recognized. In this study, we collected and compiled a total of 594 treeline sites all over the world from literatures, and explored how MEE affects globaltreeline elevation by developing a ternary linear regression model with intra-mountain base elevation（IMBE, as a proxy of MEE）, latitude and continentality as independent variables. The results indicated that IMBE, latitude and continentality together could explain 92% of global treeline elevation variability, and that IMBE contributes the most（52.2%）, latitude the second（40%） and continentality the least（7.8%） to the altitudinal distribution of global treelines. In the Northern Hemisphere, the three factors’ contributions amount to 50.4%, 45.9% and 3.7% respectively; in the south hemisphere, their contributions are 38.3%, 53%, and 8.7%, respectively. This indicates that MEE, virtually the heating effect of macro-landforms, is actually the most significant factor for the altitudinal distribution of treelines across the globe, and that latitude is relatively more significant for treeline elevation in the Southern Hemisphere probably due to fewer macro-landforms there.

Slope aspect has significant effect on the development and distribution of montane forest, especially in arid and semiarid regions. This paper, using SPOT5 images and 1：5o,ooo DEM, digitally extracts and analyzes the spatial information of montane coniferous forest （mainly Qinghai spruce）, and thereby explores how the upper and lower limits and the altitudinal range of coniferous forest vary and how the area of coniferous forest is related with annual insolation with all aspects in the Helan Mountains. The results show that： 1） In the eastern flank, the lower limit of coniferous forest is between 1,6oo m and a,ooo m a.s.l., and the upper limit between 2,800 m and 3,ooo m a.s.1.; in the western flank, the lower limit of coniferous forest is between a,ooo m and 2,300 m a.s.l., and the upper limit between 9,80o m and 3,1oo m a.s.1.2） The altitudinal ranges of coniferous forest are 8o6-1,435 m, 438-1,14o m for eastern flank and western flank, respectively. 3） The area of coniferous forest takes on a normal distribution with aspect, and it has a close relationship with annual insolation. This distribution model developed in this paper quantitatively reveals the significant effect of slope aspect on the distribution of coniferous forest in arid and semi-arid land.

Xyloketal B （Xyl-B） is a novel marine compound isolated from mangrove fungus Xylaria sp. We previously demonstrated that pretreatment with XyI-B exerted neuroprotective effects and attenuated hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice. In the present study we investigated the neuroprotective effects of pre- and post-treatment with XyI-B in adult mice using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion （tMCAO） model, and explored the underlying mechanisms. Adult male C57 mice were subjected to tMCAO surgery. For the pre-treatment, XyI-B was given via multiple injections （12.5, 25, and 50 mg.kgl-d1, ip） 48 h, 24 h and 30 min before ischemia. For the post-treatment, a single dose of XyI-B （50 mg/kg, ip） was injected at 0, 1 or 2 h after the onset of ischemia. The regional cerebral perfusion was monitored using a laser-Doppler flowmeter. TTC staining was performed to determine the brain infarction volume. We found that both pre-treatment with XyI-B （50 mg/kg） and post-treatment with XyI-B （50 mg/kg） significantly reduced the infarct volume, but had no significant hemodynamic effects. Treatment with Xyl-B also significantly alleviated the neurological deficits in tMCAO mice. Furthermore, treatment with XyI-B significantly attenuated ROS overproduction in brain tissues; increased the MnSOD protein levels, suppressed TLR4, NF-KB and iNOS protein levels; and downregulated the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α IL-6 and IFN-y. Moreover, XyI-B also protected blood-brain barrier integrity in tMCAO mice. In conclusion, XyI-B administered within 2 h after the onset of stroke effectively protects against focal cerebral ischemia; the underlying mechanism may be related to suppressing the ROS/TLR4/NF-KB inflammatory signaling pathway.