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"Zheng, H."
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Multilayer control of the EMT master regulators
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated death in most tumor types. Metastatic dissemination of cancer cells from the primary tumor is believed to be initiated by the reactivation of an embryonic development program referred to as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereby epithelial cells lose apicobasal polarity and cell–cell contacts, and gain mesenchymal phenotypes with increased migratory and invasive capabilities. EMT has also been implicated in the regulation of cancer stem cell property, immune suppression and cancer regression. Several transcription factors have been identified as master regulators of EMT, including the Snail, Zeb and Twist families, and their expression is tightly regulated at different steps of transcription, translation and protein stability control by a variety of cell-intrinsic pathways as well as extracellular cues. Here, we review the recent literature on the signaling pathways and mechanisms that control the expression of these master transcription factors during EMT and cancer progression.
Journal Article
Comparing the Tsallis Distribution with and without Thermodynamical Description in p + p Collisions
We compare two types of Tsallis distribution, that is, with and without thermodynamical description, using the experimental data from the STAR, PHENIX, ALICE, and CMS Collaborations on the rapidity and energy dependence of the transverse momentum spectra in p + p collisions. Both of them can fit the particle spectra well. We show that the Tsallis distribution with thermodynamical description gives lower temperatures than the ones without it. The extra factor m T (transverse mass) in the Tsallis distribution with thermodynamical description plays an important role in the discrepancies between the two types of Tsallis distribution. But for the heavy particles, the choice to use m T or E T (transverse energy) in the Tsallis distribution becomes more crucial.
Journal Article
Long-term follow-up of imatinib in pediatric Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0031
We previously reported preliminary findings that post induction imatinib mesylate (340 mg/m
2
/day), in combination with intensive chemotherapy, resulted in outcomes similar to blood and marrow transplant (BMT) for pediatric patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We now report 5-year outcomes of imatinib plus intensive chemotherapy in 91 children (1–21 years) with and without allogeneic BMT (
N
=91). We explore the impacts of additional chromosomal abnormalities and minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry on outcomes. The 5-year disease-free survival was similar for Cohort 5 patients, treated with chemotherapy plus imatinib (70%±12%,
n
=28), sibling donor BMT patients (65%±11%,
n
=21) and unrelated donor BMT patients (59±15%;
P
=0.60,
n
=13). Patients with additional cytogenetic abnormalities had worse outcomes (
P
=0.05). End induction (pre-imatinib) MRD was not prognostic for Cohort 5 or allogeneic BMT patients, although limited by small numbers. The re-induction rate following relapse was similar to other higher-risk ALL groups. Longer-term follow-up confirms our initial observation of substantially good outcomes for children and adolescents with Ph+ ALL treated with imatinib plus intensive chemotherapy with no advantage for allogeneic BMT.
Journal Article
Can Tsallis Distribution Fit All the Particle Spectra Produced at RHIC and LHC?
The Tsallis distribution has been tested to fit all the particle spectra at mid-rapidity from central events produced in d + Au, Cu + Cu, and Au + Au collisions at RHIC and p + Pb, Pb + Pb collisions at LHC. Even though there are strong medium effects in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions, the results show that the Tsallis distribution can be used to fit most of particle spectra in the collisions studied except in Au + Au collisions where some deviations are seen for proton and Λ at low p T . In addition, as the Tsallis distribution can only fit part of the particle spectra produced in Pb + Pb collisions where p T is up to 20 GeV/c, a new formula with one more fitting degree of freedom is proposed in order to reproduce the entire p T region.
Journal Article
Libration suppression of tethered space system with a moving climber in circular orbit
This paper studies the dynamics and libration suppression of a tethered system with a moving climber in circular orbits. The tethered system is modeled by a two-piece dumbbell model that consists of one main satellite, one climber and one end-body connected by two straight, massless and inextensible tethers. A new tension control strategy to suppress the libration of the tethered system due to the moving climber is proposed by reeling in-out tether at the end-body without thrust. The control strategy is implemented with the sliding mode control to suppress the libration angle of the climber to zero by the end of climber’s transfer phase. The numerical results show that the proposed control strategy is very effective in suppressing the libration of the climber in the three-body tethered system with tension control only. Furthermore, cases with limited tension control are examined. It reveals that a longer tether between the climber and the end-body is required to supplement the limited tension in suppressing the libration of the climber.
Journal Article
Krüppel-like factor 5 promotes breast cell proliferation partially through upregulating the transcription of fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1
The Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a zinc-finger transcription factor promoting cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression and survival. A high expression level of KLF5 mRNA has been shown to be associated with shorter breast cancer patient survival. However, the mechanism of KLF5 action in breast cancer is still not clear. In this study, we found that both KLF5 and its downstream gene fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1 (FGF-BP) are co-expressed in breast cell lines and primary tumors. Manipulation of the KLF5 expression can positively regulate the FGF-BP mRNA and protein levels in multiple breast cell lines. In addition, the secreted FGF-BP protein in the conditional medium is also regulated by KLF5. Furthermore, we demonstrated that KLF5 binds and activates the FGF-BP promoter through a GC box by luciferase reporter, oligo pull down and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. When FGF-BP is depleted by siRNA, KLF5 fails to promote cell proliferation in MCF10A, SW527 and TSU-Pr1. We further demonstrated that overexpression or addition of FGF-BP rescues the KLF5-knockdown-induced growth arrest in MCF10A cells. Finally, KLF5 significantly promotes MCF7 breast cancer cell xenograft growth in athymic nude mice. These findings suggest that KLF5 may promote breast cancer cell proliferation at least partially through directly activating the FGF-BP mRNA transcription. Understanding the mechanism of KLF5 action in breast cancer may result in useful diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Journal Article
Observation of topological superconductivity in a stoichiometric transition metal dichalcogenide 2M-WS2
Topological superconductors (TSCs) are unconventional superconductors with bulk superconducting gap and in-gap Majorana states on the boundary that may be used as topological qubits for quantum computation. Despite their importance in both fundamental research and applications, natural TSCs are very rare. Here, combining state of the art synchrotron and laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigated a stoichiometric transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD), 2M-WS
2
with a superconducting transition temperature of 8.8 K (the highest among all TMDs in the natural form up to date) and observed distinctive topological surface states (TSSs). Furthermore, in the superconducting state, we found that the TSSs acquired a nodeless superconducting gap with similar magnitude as that of the bulk states. These discoveries not only evidence 2M-WS
2
as an intrinsic TSC without the need of sensitive composition tuning or sophisticated heterostructures fabrication, but also provide an ideal platform for device applications thanks to its van der Waals layered structure.
Topological superconductors are potentially important for future quantum computation, but they are very rare in nature. Here, the authors observe topological surface states acquiring a nodeless superconducting gap with similar magnitude as that of the bulk states in 2M-WS
2
, suggesting an intrinsic topological superconductor.
Journal Article
Poultry Response to Heat Stress: Its Physiological, Metabolic, and Genetic Implications on Meat Production and Quality Including Strategies to Improve Broiler Production in a Warming World
The continuous increase in poultry production over the last decades to meet the high growing demand and provide food security has attracted much concern due to the recent negative impacts of the most challenging environmental stressor, heat stress (HS), on birds. The poultry industry has responded by adopting different environmental strategies such as the use of environmentally controlled sheds and modern ventilation systems. However, such strategies are not long-term solutions and it cost so much for farmers to practice. The detrimental effects of HS include the reduction in growth, deterioration of meat quality as it reduces water-holding capacity, pH and increases drip loss in meat consequently changing the normal color, taste and texture of chicken meat. HS causes poor meat quality by impairing protein synthesis and augmenting undesirable fat in meat. Studies previously conducted show that HS negatively affects the skeletal muscle growth and development by changing its effects on myogenic regulatory factors, insulin growth factor-1, and heat-shock proteins. The focus of this article is in 3-fold: (1) to identify the mechanism of heat stress that causes meat production and quality loss in chicken; (2) to discuss the physiological, metabolic and genetic changes triggered by HS causing setback to the world poultry industry; (3) to identify the research gaps to be addressed in future studies.
Journal Article
Libration-free cargo transfer of floating space elevator
This paper studies the libration-free cargo transfer control of a partial space elevator where the main satellite may change its orbital state in the transfer period. The orbital motion of the main satellite in the climber transfer period is first studied. Then, a reduced-order libration-free dynamics of the partial space elevator is derived. Accordingly, a novel libration-free switching control strategy is proposed to stabilize cargo transportation with two alternating controllers. The Controller I controls the cargo speed in the libration-free mode by a shrinking horizon model predictive control based on the reduced-order libration-free dynamic mode of the partial space elevator. It leads to high computational efficiency in control. Once the libration is induced by the cargo transfer, the control turns off the Controller I and activates the Controller II to suppress the libration to zero within one time step of the Controller I by a novel prescribed-time control law based on the fixed-time control scheme. The stability of the control is proved in the Lyapunov framework. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are demonstrated by computation simulation. Simulation results reveal that the proposed control strategy is effective in keeping stable cargo transportation while ensuring the equilibrium state at the end of transportation.
Journal Article