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The gut microbiota not only constitutes intestinal microenvironment homeostasis and human health but also exerts indispensable roles in the occurrence and progression of multiple liver diseases, including alcohol-related liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver disease and liver cancer. Given the therapeutic status of these diseases, their prevention and early therapy are crucial, and the detailed mechanism of gut microbiota in liver disease urgently needs to be explored. Meanwhile, multiple studies have shown that various traditional Chinese medicines, such as Si Miao Formula, Jiangzhi Granules, Liushen Capsules, Chaihu-Shugan Power, Cassiae Semen and Gynostemma, as well as some natural products, including Costunolide, Coprinus comatus polysaccharide, Antarctic krill oil, Oridonin and Berberine, can repair liver injury, improve fatty liver, regulate liver immunity, and even inhibit liver cancer through multiple targets, links, and pathways. Intriguingly, the aforementioned effects demonstrated by these traditional Chinese medicines and natural products have been shown to be closely related to the gut microbiota, directly driving the strategy of traditional Chinese medicines and natural products to regulate the gut microbiota as one of the breakthroughs in the treatment of liver diseases. Based on this, this review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the characteristics, functions and potential mechanisms of these medicines targeting gut microbiota during liver disease treatment. Research on the potential effects on gut microbiota and the regulatory mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine and natural products provides novel insights and significant references for developing liver disease treatment strategies. In parallel, such explorations will enhance the comprehension of traditional Chinese medicine and natural products modulating gut microbiota during disease treatment, thus facilitating their clinical investigation and application.

A novel joint diagonalization (DOA) matrix method is proposed to estimate the two-dimensional (2-D) DOAs of uncorrelated narrowband signals. The method constructs three subarrays by exploiting the special structure of the array, thereby obtaining the 2-D DOAs of the array based on joint diagonalization directly with neither peak search nor pair matching. The new method can handle sources with common 1-D angles. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the method.

Achieving good stability while maintaining excellent properties is one of the main challenges for enhancing the competitiveness of luminescent perovskite CsPbX 3 (X=Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs). Here, we propose a facile strategy to synthesize ceramic-like stable and highly luminescent CsPbBr 3 NCs by encapsulating them into silica derived from molecular sieve templates at high temperature (600–900  o C). The obtained CsPbBr 3 -SiO 2 powders not only show high photoluminescence quantum yield (~71%), but also show an exceptional stability comparable to the ceramic Sr 2 SiO 4 :Eu 2+ green phosphor. They can maintain 100% of their photoluminescence value under illumination on blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) chips (20 mA, 2.7 V) for 1000 h, and can also survive in a harsh hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (1 M) for 50 days. We believe that the above robust stabilities will significantly enhance the potential of perovskite CsPbX 3 NCs to be practically applied in LEDs and backlight displays. Synthesizing lead halide perovskite nanocrystals with good stability and excellent luminescent properties is a challenge. Here, the authors prepare ceramic-like stable perovskite nanocrystals by encapsulating them in silica derived from molecular sieve templates at high temperature.

The thermal quenching of light emission is a critical bottleneck that hampers the real-world application of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals in both electroluminescent and down-conversion light-emitting diodes. Here, we report CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals with a temperature-independent emission efficiency of near unity and constant decay kinetics up to a temperature of 373 K. This unprecedented regime is obtained by a fluoride post-synthesis treatment that produces fluorine-rich surfaces with a wider energy gap than the inner nanocrystal core, yielding suppressed carrier trapping, improved thermal stability and efficient charge injection. Light-emitting diodes incorporating these fluoride-treated perovskite nanocrystals show a low turn-on voltage and spectrally pure green electroluminescence with an external quantum efficiency as high as 19.3% at 350 cd m−2. Importantly, nearly 80% of the room-temperature external quantum efficiency is preserved at 343 K, in contrast to the dramatic drop commonly observed for standard CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes. These results provide a promising pathway for high-performance, practical light-emitting diodes based on perovskite nanostructures.Fluoride-treated CsPbBr3 nanocrystals emit light with near unity efficiency at temperatures of up to 373 K.

After nanocrystals synthesis, the purification process with anti-solvents is an essential step to get clean nanocrystals, which could get rid of the by-products of the synthesis. It is generally recognized that this process could bring a positive effect for the afterward optoelectronic applications. Unfortunately, we found that the optical properties and photostability of perovskite CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals were unavoidably deteriorated after they were washed with anti-solvents, and this deterioration is strongly related to the decreasing of surface ligands density. Therefore, in this paper, we tried to purposely not wash the CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals solution after adding didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), and found the existing of DDAB in solution could result in a dramatically enhanced photostability. Inspired by these results, we proposed a new strategy to stabilize perovskite nanocrystals from the view of packaging process: adding protective ligands into the perovskite nanocrystals resin directly, then encapsulating them on blue light-emitting diodes (LED) chips. Surprisingly, stable LED devices (20 mA, 2.7V) were achieved by this way, which can keep 80% of the initial photoluminescence (PL) intensity for more than 50 h, while the devices with CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals without adding protective ligands into resin dropped to 50% of their initial PL intensity within 6 h. This approach offers a new thought to stabilize perovskite nanocrystals as down-conversion phosphor in quantum dots liquid crystal display.

The cutting temperature plays an important role in micro-scale cutting process due to the fact that the dimension of the micro-cutter is small and the value of micro-cutter wear is sensitive to temperature. In this paper, the temperature distribution of the micro-cutter in the micro-end-milling process has been investigated by numerical simulations and experimental approach. Micro-end-milling processes are modeled by the three-dimensional finite element method coupling thermal–mechanical effects. The micro-cutter cutting temperature distribution, the effect of various tool edge radii on cutting force, and the effective stress during micro-end-milling of aluminum alloy Al2024-T6 using a tungsten-carbide micro-cutter are investigated on. The simulation results show that with increase of tool edge radius the cutting force increases, while the effective stress and mean cutting temperature decreases slightly. In increasing the tool edge radius, the maximum effective stress and cutting temperature region of the micro-cutter occur from the rake face to the corner on the tool edge and the flank face. The tool edge radius has been found to be the major factor affecting micro-cutter temperature distribution. The experimental verification of the simulation model is carried out on a micro-end-milling process of aluminum alloy 2024-T6 with a high-precision infrared camera. The influence of tool edge radius on cutting temperature distribution was verified in experiments.

Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is initiated and maintained by a subset of self-renewing leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which contribute to the progression, recurrence and therapeutic resistance of leukemia. However, the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of LSCs drug resistance have not been fully defined. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the mechanisms of LSCs drug resistance. Methods We performed reverse phase protein arrays to analyze the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins in the LSC-enriched leukemia cell line KG-1a. Immuno-blotting, cell viability and clinical AML samples were evaluated to verify the micro-assay results. The characteristics and transcriptional regulation of survivin were analyzed with the relative luciferase reporter assay, mutant constructs, chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP), quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and western blotting. The levels of Sp1, c-Myc, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), phospho-mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase (p-MSK) were investigated in paired CD34+ and CD34- AML patient samples. Results Survivin was highly over-expressed in CD34 + CD38- KG-1a cells and paired CD34+ AML patients compared with their differentiated counterparts. Functionally, survivin contributes to the drug resistance of LSCs, and Sp1 and c-Myc concurrently regulate levels of survivin transcription. Clinically, Sp1 and c-Myc were significantly up-regulated and positively correlated with survivin in CD34+ AML patients. Moreover, Sp1 and c-Myc were further activated by the ERK/MSK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, modulating survivin levels. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that ERK/MSK/Sp1/c-Myc axis functioned as a critical regulator of survivin expression in LSCs, offering a potential new therapeutic strategy for LSCs therapy.

To facilitate marker assisted selection, there is an urgent need to construct a saturated genetic map of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Four types of markers including SSR, SRAP, morphological marker, and intron targeted intron-exon splice junction (IT-ISJ) marker were used to construct a linkage map with 270 F₂:₇ recombinant inbred lines derived from an upland cotton cross (T586 x Yumian 1). A total of 7,508 SSR, 740 IT-ISJ and 384 SRAP primer pairs/combinations were used to screen for polymorphism between the two mapping parents, and the average polymorphisms of three types of molecular markers represented 6.8, 6.6 and 7.0%, respectively. The polymorphic primer pairs/combinations and morphological markers were used to genotype 270 recombinant inbred lines, and a map including 604 loci (509 SSR, 58 IT-ISJ, 29 SRAP and 8 morphological loci) and 60 linkage groups was constructed. The map spanned 3,140.9 cM with an average interval of 5.2 cM between two markers, approximately accounting for 70.6% of the cotton genome. Fifty-four of 60 linkage groups were ordered into 26 chromosomes. Multiple QTL mapping was used to identify QTL for fiber quality traits in five environments, and thirteen QTL were detected. These QTL included four for fiber length (FL), two for fiber strength (FS), two for fiber fineness (FF), three for fiber length uniformity (FU), and two for fiber elongation (FE), respectively. Each QTL explained between 7.4 and 43.1% of phenotypic variance. Five out of thirteen QTL (FL1 and FU1 on chromosome 6, FL2, FU2 and FF1 on chromosome7) were detected in five environments, and they explained more than 20% of the phenotypic variance. Eleven QTL were distributed on A genome, while the other two on D genome.

A genetic linkage map of chromosome 6 was constructed by using 270 recombinant inbred lines originated from an upland cotton cross (Yumian 1 x T586) F₂ population. The genetic map included one morphological (T₁) and 18 SSR loci, covering 96.2 cM with an average distance of 5.34 cM between two markers. Based on composite interval mapping (CIM), QTL(s) affecting lint percentage, fiber length, fiber length uniformity, fiber strength and spiny bollworm resistance (Earias spp.) were identified in the t₁ locus region on chromosome 6. The allele(s) originating from T586 of QTLs controlling lint percentage increased the trait phenotypic value while the alleles originating from Yumian 1 of QTLs affecting fiber length, fiber length uniformity, fiber strength and spiny bollworm resistance increased the trait phenotypic value.

A novel joint diagonalization fractional lower-order spatio-temporal (ST) moments DOA matrix method is proposed to estimate the 2-D DOAs of uncorrelated narrowband signals in the presence of impulsive noise. The new method retains the advantage of the original ST-DOA matrix method which can estimate 2-D DOAs with neither peak searching nor pair matching. Moreover, it can handle sources with common 1-D angles. Simulation results show that the proposed method yields to better performance to restrain the strong impulsive noise than ST-DOA matrix method, especially for low signal-to-noise ratio case.