Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
23,688
result(s) for
"Zheng, Xiao"
Sort by:
21st century Maritime Silk Road : a peaceful way forward
\"This book focuses on understanding the characteristics of the marine environment; overall characteristic of the marine resources (especially the marine new energy) and their current utilization; important routes, channels, and ports; and the Maritime Silk Road from the perspective of international law. It also discusses the significance and opportunities of the Maritime Silk Road initiative, analyzes the challenges involved in the construction of the Maritime Silk Road and provides corresponding countermeasures. Based on the above research, this book also proposes to construct a comprehensive application platform for the Maritime Silk Road that will be a practical tool for decision-making. This book is one of the series publications on the 21st century Maritime Silk Road (shortened as \"Maritime Silk Road\"). This series publications cover the characteristics of the marine environment and marine new energy, remote islands and reefs construction, climate change, early warning of wave disasters, legal escort, marine environment and energy big data construction, etc. contributing to the safe and efficient construction of the Maritime Silk Road. It aims to improve our knowledge of the ocean, thus to improve the capacity for marine construction, enhance the viability of remote islands and reefs, ease the energy crisis and protect the ecological environment, improve the quality of life of residents along the Maritime Silk Road, and protect the rights, interests of the countries and regions participating in the construction of the Maritime Silk Road. It will be a valuable reference for decision-makers, researchers, and marine engineers working in the related fields.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused an outbreak in Wuhan, China, and soon spread to other parts of the world. It was believed that 2019-nCoV was transmitted through respiratory tract and then induced pneumonia, thus molecular diagnosis based on oral swabs was used for confirmation of this disease. Likewise, patient will be released upon two times of negative detection from oral swabs. However, many coronaviruses can also be transmitted through oral-fecal route by infecting intestines. Whether 2019-nCoV infected patients also carry virus in other organs like intestine need to be tested. We conducted investigation on patients in a local hospital who were infected with this virus. We found the presence of 2019-nCoV in anal swabs and blood as well, and more anal swab positives than oral swab positives in a later stage of infection, suggesting shedding and thereby transmitted through oral-fecal route. We also showed serology test can improve detection positive rate thus should be used in future epidemiology. Our report provides a cautionary warning that 2019-nCoV may be shed through multiple routes.
Journal Article
Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus
A large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV) have been detected in horseshoe bats since 2005 in different areas of China. However, these bat SARSr-CoVs show sequence differences from SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in different genes (S, ORF8, ORF3, etc) and are considered unlikely to represent the direct progenitor of SARS-CoV. Herein, we report the findings of our 5-year surveillance of SARSr-CoVs in a cave inhabited by multiple species of horseshoe bats in Yunnan Province, China. The full-length genomes of 11 newly discovered SARSr-CoV strains, together with our previous findings, reveals that the SARSr-CoVs circulating in this single location are highly diverse in the S gene, ORF3 and ORF8. Importantly, strains with high genetic similarity to SARS-CoV in the hypervariable N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S1 gene, the ORF3 and ORF8 region, respectively, were all discovered in this cave. In addition, we report the first discovery of bat SARSr-CoVs highly similar to human SARS-CoV in ORF3b and in the split ORF8a and 8b. Moreover, SARSr-CoV strains from this cave were more closely related to SARS-CoV in the non-structural protein genes ORF1a and 1b compared with those detected elsewhere. Recombination analysis shows evidence of frequent recombination events within the S gene and around the ORF8 between these SARSr-CoVs. We hypothesize that the direct progenitor of SARS-CoV may have originated after sequential recombination events between the precursors of these SARSr-CoVs. Cell entry studies demonstrated that three newly identified SARSr-CoVs with different S protein sequences are all able to use human ACE2 as the receptor, further exhibiting the close relationship between strains in this cave and SARS-CoV. This work provides new insights into the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV and highlights the necessity of preparedness for future emergence of SARS-like diseases.
Journal Article
Adverse Effects of Immunoglobulin Therapy
Immunoglobulin has been widely used in a variety of diseases, including primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases, neuromuscular diseases, and Kawasaki disease. Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various adverse effects have been reported. The majority of these events, such as flushing, headache, malaise, fever, chills, fatigue and lethargy, are transient and mild. However, some rare side effects, including renal impairment, thrombosis, arrhythmia, aseptic meningitis, hemolytic anemia, and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), are serious. These adverse effects are associated with specific immunoglobulin preparations and individual differences. Performing an early assessment of risk factors, infusing at a slow rate, premedicating, and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. Adverse effects are rarely disabling or fatal, treatment mainly involves supportive measures, and the majority of affected patients have a good prognosis.
Journal Article
HOTAIR, a prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, inhibits WIF‐1 expression and activates Wnt pathway
Long non‐coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been recently found to be pervasively transcribed in the genome and critical regulators of the epigenome. HOTAIR, as a well‐known LncRNA, has been found to play important roles in several tumors. Herein, the clinical application value and biological functions of HOTAIR were focused and explored in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). It was found that there was a great upregulation of HOTAIR in ESCC compared to their adjacent normal esophageal tissues. Meanwhile, patients with high HOTAIR expression have a significantly poorer prognosis than those with low expression. Moreover, HOTAIR was further validated to promote migration and invasion of ESCC cells in vitro. Then some specific molecules with great significance were investigated after HOTAIR overexpression using microarray and quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). WIF‐1 playing an important role in Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway was selected and further tested by immunehistochemistry. Generally, inverse correlation between HOTAIR and WIF‐1 expression was demonstrated both in ESCC cells and tissues. Mechanistically, HOTAIR directly decreased WIF‐1 expression by promoting its histone H3K27 methylation in the promoter region and then activated the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. This newly identified HOTAIR/WIF‐1 axis clarified the molecular mechanism of ESCC cell metastasis and represented a novel therapeutic target in patients with ESCC. HOTAIR, a long non coding RNA, has been linked to the progression of several types of human cancer. In this study, we found that HOTAIR was not only significantly up‐regulated in tumor tissues, but also significantly associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). ESCC cells with HOTAIR overexpression displayed aberrant activated WNT signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of WNT‐inhibitor factor 1, thereby promote the migration and invasion of ESCC cells. On the contrary, silencing of HOTAIR in ESCC cells led to decreased migration and invasion ability. Together, these results suggest that HOTAIR overexpression may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human ESCC.
Journal Article
Few-shot learning based on deep learning: A survey
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, powerful computing devices have been constantly developing. As an important foundation, deep learning (DL) technology has achieved many successes in multiple fields. In addition, the success of deep learning also relies on the support of large-scale datasets, which can provide models with a variety of images. The rich information in these images can help the model learn more about various categories of images, thereby improving the classification performance and generalization ability of the model. However, in real application scenarios, it may be difficult for most tasks to collect a large number of images or enough images for model training, which also restricts the performance of the trained model to a certain extent. Therefore, how to use limited samples to train the model with high performance becomes key. In order to improve this problem, the few-shot learning (FSL) strategy is proposed, which aims to obtain a model with strong performance through a small amount of data. Therefore, FSL can play its advantages in some real scene tasks where a large number of training data cannot be obtained. In this review, we will mainly introduce the FSL methods for image classification based on DL, which are mainly divided into four categories: methods based on data enhancement, metric learning, meta-learning and adding other tasks. First, we introduce some classic and advanced FSL methods in the order of categories. Second, we introduce some datasets that are often used to test the performance of FSL methods and the performance of some classical and advanced FSL methods on two common datasets. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects in this field.
Journal Article
The Optimal Adjuvant Strategy of Aidi Injection With Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Advanced Non–small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-analysis of 70 Randomized Controlled Trials
Introduction: Aidi injection (Aidi) is composed of cantharidin, astragaloside, ginsenoside, and elentheroside E. As an important adjuvant therapy, Aidi in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) is often used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Objectives: We performed a new evaluation to demonstrate the clinical efficacy and safety of the Aidi and GP combination and further explored an optimal strategy for achieving an ideal response and safety level in advanced NSCLC. Methodology: We collected all the related trials from Chinese and English-language databases, analyzed their methodological bias risk using the Cochrane evaluation Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0, extracted all the data using a predefined data extraction form, pooled the data using a series of meta-analyses, and finally summarized the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: We included 70 trials with 5,509 patients. Compared with GP alone, the Aidi and GP combination showed a significant improvement in the objective response rate (ORR) [1.82 (1.62–2.04)], disease control rate (DCR) [2.29 (1.97–2.67)], and quality of life (QOL) [3.03 (2.55–3.60)] and a low incidence of hematotoxicity and gastrointestinal and hepatorenal toxicity. Aidi might be more suitable for patients who are first-treated, elderly, or patients with a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score ≥ 60 or anticipated survival time (AST) ≥3 months. An Aidi (50 ml/day, 7–14 days/cycle for one to two cycles), gemcitabine (1000 mg/m 2 ), and cisplatin (20–30 mg/m 2 , 40–50 mg/m 2 , or 60–80 mg/m 2 ) might be an optimal regimen for realizing an ideal response and safety level. Most results were robust and of moderate quality. Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that Aidi's value in adjuvant chemotherapy may be broad-spectrum, not just for some regimens. The Aidi and GP combination may show a good short-term response, antitumor immunity, and safety level in patients with NSCLC. Aidi (50 ml/day, 7–14 days/cycle for one and two cycles) with GEM (1000 mg/m 2 ) and DDP (20–30 mg/m 2 or 40–50 mg/m 2 ) may be an optimal regimen for realizing an ideal goal in patients who are first-treatment, elderly, or have a KPS score ≥ 60 or AST≥3 months.
Journal Article
New evidence of trends in cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China, 2011-2018: an age-period-cohort analysis
Background
Increasing evidence from high-income countries suggests the risk of cognitive impairment has been declining recently. However, related studies in China have rarely been done, and the results are inconsistent. We analyze the trends in cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China between 2011 and 2018.
Methods
We used data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including 48918 individuals aged 45 years and older. Cognitive function was assessed using the CHARLS cognitive measures containing episodic memory, orientation, attention, and visuospatial abilities. The hierarchical age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to quantify the separate age, period, and cohort effects on trends in cognitive function.
Results
The study sample’s ages ranged from 45 to 105 years (Mean = 59.2, SD = 9.4). Cognitive function declined with age net of period and cohort effects, an apparent acceleration in the rate of cognitive decline after age 65 was found adjusting for individual characteristics. Although period effects on trends in cognitive function remained stable during the study period, hierarchical APC models demonstrated significant cohort variations. Independent of age and period effects, there was a fluctuating trend across cohorts before 1960 and an overall decline across successive cohorts.
Conclusions
Our study indicates that the age effect remains the most crucial factor regarding cognitive decline. Moreover, results demonstrate that cohorts living in social upheaval leading to educational deprivation and/or nutritional deficiency in early life may face a higher risk for cognitive deterioration later in life. Such findings indicate that dementia prevention from a life course perspective and cohort-specific strategies are critical to alleviating the future public-health burdens related to cognitive aging. Ongoing attention should be paid to the role of cross-cohort differences in education on cohort trends in cognition in countries like China that are aging rapidly and have a late start in educational expansion compared to other countries. Other factors, such as environmental stimulation, need to be noticed in younger cohorts.
Journal Article
Stripe order in the underdoped region of the two-dimensional Hubbard model
Competing inhomogeneous orders are a central feature of correlated electron materials, including the high-temperature superconductors. The two-dimensional Hubbard model serves as the canonical microscopic physical model for such systems. Multiple orders have been proposed in the underdoped part of the phase diagram, which corresponds to a regime of maximum numerical difficulty. By combining the latest numerical methods in exhaustive simulations, we uncover the ordering in the underdoped ground state. We find a stripe order that has a highly compressible wavelength on an energy scale of a few kelvin, with wavelength fluctuations coupled to pairing order. The favored filled stripe order is different from that seen in real materials. Our results demonstrate the power of modern numerical methods to solve microscopic models, even in challenging settings.
Journal Article
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 18 years ago, a large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been discovered in their natural reservoir host, bats
1
–
4
. Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans
5
–
7
. Here we report the identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China. The epidemic, which started on 12 December 2019, had caused 2,794 laboratory-confirmed infections including 80 deaths by 26 January 2020. Full-length genome sequences were obtained from five patients at an early stage of the outbreak. The sequences are almost identical and share 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV. Furthermore, we show that 2019-nCoV is 96% identical at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Pairwise protein sequence analysis of seven conserved non-structural proteins domains show that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV. In addition, 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a critically ill patient could be neutralized by sera from several patients. Notably, we confirmed that 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor—angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2)—as SARS-CoV.
Characterization of full-length genome sequences from patients infected with a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) shows that the sequences are nearly identical and indicates that the virus is related to a bat coronavirus.
Journal Article