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The use of ferroelectric materials for light-harvesting applications is a possible solution for increasing the efficiency of solar cells and photoelectrocatalytic devices. In this work, we establish a fully autonomous computational workflow to identify light-harvesting materials for water splitting devices based on properties such as stability, size of the band gap, position of the band edges, and ferroelectricity. We have applied this workflow to investigate the Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite class and have identified four new compositions, which show a theoretical efficiency above 5%.

Facet engineering to expose specific surfaces has received rapid growth attention to promote the photocatalytic performance. In this work, we reported that BaZrO3 nanocrystals with {001}/{011} facets and corresponding higher reducing capacity could effectively improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in pure water. The tuned electronic band structure arising from exposed specific {001}/{011} facets and the higher surface area are the main reasons to promote photocatalytic activity. The conduction band bottom for BaZrO3 nanocrystals with {001}/{011} facets synthesized by solvothermal method (denoted as BZO-HT) is about 0.31 eV higher than that of sample prepared by hydrothermal reaction (denoted as BZO-H). During the evaluation of photocatalytic activity in pure water, the H2 production rate for BZO-HT (27.80 μmol/g/h) is 9.4 times and six times higher than BZO-H and commercial BaZrO3 (denoted as BZO-C), respectively. This work provides a reference for other facets-related photocatalysts’ design for pure water reduction or splitting.

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death that is driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, has been implicated in multiple diseases, including cancer 1 – 3 , degenerative disorders 4 and organ ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) 5 , 6 . Here, using genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screening, we identified that the enzymes involved in distal cholesterol biosynthesis have pivotal yet opposing roles in regulating ferroptosis through dictating the level of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC)—an intermediate metabolite of distal cholesterol biosynthesis that is synthesized by sterol C5-desaturase (SC5D) and metabolized by 7-DHC reductase (DHCR7) for cholesterol synthesis. We found that the pathway components, including MSMO1 , CYP51A1 , EBP and SC5D , function as potential suppressors of ferroptosis, whereas DHCR7 functions as a pro-ferroptotic gene. Mechanistically, 7-DHC dictates ferroptosis surveillance by using the conjugated diene to exert its anti-phospholipid autoxidation function and shields plasma and mitochondria membranes from phospholipid autoxidation. Importantly, blocking the biosynthesis of endogenous 7-DHC by pharmacological targeting of EBP induces ferroptosis and inhibits tumour growth, whereas increasing the 7-DHC level by inhibiting DHCR7 effectively promotes cancer metastasis and attenuates the progression of kidney IRI, supporting a critical function of this axis in vivo. In conclusion, our data reveal a role of 7-DHC as a natural anti-ferroptotic metabolite and suggest that pharmacological manipulation of 7-DHC levels is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer and IRI. 7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) is a natural anti-ferroptotic metabolite and pharmacological manipulation of 7-DHC levels shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for cancer and ischaemia–reperfusion injury.

By using ionosonde data recorded at Chiang Mai (18.8° N, 98.9° E, magnetic latitude is 9.1° N), Puer (22.7° N, 101.1° E, magnetic latitude is 12.9° N), and Leshan (29.6° N, 103.7° E, magnetic latitude is 19.8° N), the statistical features of different types of spread F (SF) occurrence at low and middle latitudes were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the SF occurrence had obvious local time, latitude, and SF-type variations. The range spread F (RSF) occurrence in equinox months decreased with the increase in latitude, while the frequency spread F’s (FSF) occurrence rate in the summer months increased and the onset time of FSF became earlier when the latitude increased. The generation of SF depends on the SF type. A plasma bubble excited by the generalized Rayleigh–Taylor instability (GRT) at the equator is more likely to produce RSF, while nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) induced by Perkins instability at middle latitudes is the main reason for the generation of FSF.

The polypyrrole-coated cotton fabrics were prepared via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The polymerization time of 120 min and reaction temperature of 25 °C were employed in this study. The major factors on electricities of the fabrics, including types of oxidants and molar ratio of pyrrole monomer to oxidant, were studied. Ferric trichloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) and sodium periodate (NaIO4) were selected to carry out the synthesis of polypyrrole. When FeCl3·6H2O acted as oxidant, the optimum conductivity of 4×10-3 S·cm-1 could be obtained by changing molar ratio of Py to FeCl3·6H2O. By contrast, the highest conductivity of fabrics which used (NH4)2S2O8 as oxidant was 1.8 ×10-4 S·cm-1. The evolution of resistivities, morphology, surface chemistry and mechanical strength were characterized by a four-points probe resistivity system, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mechanical test instrument.