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"Zhi-Sheng, Wang"
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BmElmo is a factor for inhibiting Autographa Californica nucleopolyhedrovirus infection in silkworm, Bombyx mori
Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is a DNA virus with multiple host domains, and elucidating the mechanisms of its interactions with silkworms is crucial for its widespread use. Identifying key antiviral genes and analyzing their functions is an urgent task currently. Therefore, the identification and study of host genes associated with AcMNPV invasion is of great significance in solving the issue. Engulfment and cell motility ( Elmo ) is an identified viral infection-associated gene primarily involved in the regulation of cell motility and essential for phagocytosis and immune responses. However, its function in the silkworm response to viruses is still unclear. In this study, the sequence of BmElmo was analyzed first. It has a CED-12 functional domain that has been highly conserved among different species. Its expression peaks during the silkworm pupal stage, followed by the moth stage. Among various tissues, BmElmo expression is highest in the gonads, followed by the silk glands. BmElmo exhibits differential expression between resistant and susceptible strains. AcMNPV replication increased significantly after BmElmo knockdown in BmN cells, and decreased significantly after BmElmo overexpression. Furthermore, the expression of Janus kinase (JNK) pathway–related genes downstream of BmElmo showed altered expression that correlated positively with the expression of BmElmo . Hence, BmElmo may inhibit AcMNPV replication in the silkworm by activating the JNK pathway. The results of this study bridge the gap in understanding the role of Elmo genes in insect immunity and provides a theoretical reference for studying the interaction between insects and baculoviruses.
Journal Article
The underlying microbial mechanism of epizootic rabbit enteropathy triggered by a low fiber diet
Epizootic rabbit enteropathy (ERE) is reproduced successfully in the present study by feeding rabbits a low-fibre diet, and high-throughput sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis were applied to examine the microbial variations in the stomach, small intestine and caecum. The evenness was disturbed and the richness was decreased in the ERE groups. When the rabbits were suffering from ERE, the abundance of the Firmicutes was decreased in three parts of the digestive tract, whereas the Proteobacteria was increased in the stomach and caecum, the Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were increased in the small intestine. Correlation analysis showed that the reduced concentrations of TVFA and butyrate in the caeca of the ERE group were attributed to the decreased abundances of genera such as
Lactobacillus
,
Alistipes
and other fibrolytic bacteria and butyrate- producing bacteria such as
Eubacterium
and
Faecalibacterium
. It is concluded that, in terms of microorganisms, the overgrowth of
Bacteroides fragilis
,
Clostridium perfringen
,
Enterobacter sakazakii
and
Akkermansia muciniphila
and inhibition of
Bifidobacterium
spp. and
Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens
in the stomach, small intestine and caecum resulted in a decrease in butyrate yield, leading to the incidence of ERE, and the probability of developing ERE could be manipulated by adjusting the dietary fibre level.
Journal Article
Long-lived and multiplexed atom-photon entanglement interface with feed-forward-controlled readouts
Quantum interfaces (QIs) that generate entanglement between photonic and spin-wave (atomic memory) qubits are basic building block for quantum repeaters. Realizing ensemble-based repeaters in practice requires quantum memory providing long lifetimes and multimode capacity. Significant progress has been achieved on these separate goals. The remaining challenge is to combine the two attributes into a single QI. Here, by establishing spatial multimode, magnetic-field-insensitive and long-wavelength spin-wave storage in laser-cooled atoms inside a phase-passively-stabilized polarization interferometer, we constructed a multiplexed QI that stores up to three long-lived spin-wave qubits. Using a feed-forward-controlled system, we demonstrated that a multiplexed QI gives rise to a 3-fold increase in the atom–photon (photon–photon) entanglement-generation probability compared with single-mode QIs. For our multiplexed QI, the measured Bell parameter is 2.51±0.01 combined with a memory lifetime of up to 1 ms. This work represents a key step forward in realizing fiber-based long-distance quantum communications.
The quantum interface to generate entanglement between a flying photonic qubit and a stationary qubit is a key functionality for the quantum internet. The authors demonstrate a multiplexed quantum interface that stores three long-lived spin-wave qubits. A significant improvement in the rate of generating spin-photon entanglement has been achieved, opening a promising route toward large-scale, long-haul quantum networks.
Journal Article
Study on the structural forms of the key strata in the overburden of a stope during periodic weighting and the reasonable working resistance of the support
Many mines often passively select supports with a higher yield load to avoid the occurrence of support crushing and roof falling during periodic weighting. This method is not conducive to improving production efficiency or reducing mining costs, but it can ensure safe mining. An effective method for overcoming these problems is to determine the reasonable working resistance of the support according to the structural forms of the key strata in the overburden of the stope during periodic weighting. In this paper, comprehensive theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field observation were applied to study the discrimination of the key stratum structure (KSS) during periodic weighting and the calculation method of the support load. First, the KSS that affects the periodic weighting of the stope was classified. The “twice discrimination method” was proposed for determining the breaking form of the key strata and the articulated form of the broken blocks. On this basis, the spacing condition that determines whether adjacent key strata interact was analyzed. The discriminant conditions for synergistic breaking between the first subordinate key stratum (SKS1) and the upper key stratum were derived for the cases in which the SKS1 periodically breaks in the form of a cantilever beam, a voussoir beam, and a step beam. These conditions provide the basis for distinguishing the KSS in the overburden of the stope. In addition, mechanical models of the roof structure during periodic weighting were established, and general formulas for calculating the support loads of stopes with a single‐key‐stratum influence structure and a multikey‐stratum influence structure were presented. Finally, five fully mechanized coal faces with various mining conditions in China were considered for engineering verification. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed method for determining the reasonable working resistance of the support is consistent with the field practice. The research results can provide a reference for roof control and support selection of stopes. In this paper, comprehensive theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field observation were applied to study the discrimination of the key stratum structure (KSS) during periodic weighting and the calculation method of the support load.
Journal Article
Comparison of Single-Incision and Conventional Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy for Morbid Obesity: a Meta-Analysis
BackgroundSingle-incision laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SILSG) has been proposed as an alternative to conventional laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (CLSG) in obese patients. This study aims to compare the surgical outcomes of these two techniques.MethodsA meta-analysis of existing literature obtained through a systematic literature search in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL databases from 2009 to 2019 was conducted.ResultsEleven articles including 1168 patients were analyzed. Patients in the SILSG group reported greater satisfaction with cosmetic scar outcomes than those in the CLSG group (SMD = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.10 to 3.83, P = 0.00). There was no significant difference between the SILSG group and the CLSG group regarding operative time, intraoperative estimated blood loss, conversion rate, intraoperative complications, length of hospital stay, postoperative analgesia, postoperative complications, excess weight loss (EWL), and improvements in comorbidities (P > 0.05).ConclusionsCompared to CLSG, SILSG resulted in improved cosmetic satisfaction and showed no disadvantages in terms of surgical outcomes; thus, SILSG can serve as an alternative to CLSG for obese patients. Nonetheless, high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with large study populations and long follow-up periods are needed.
Journal Article
The effect of burnt rock on inclined shaft in shallow coal seam and its control technology
Burnt rock is a geo‐material widely existed in many countries. After the rock mass is burned, the fracture is developed, the structure is destroyed, the integrity and strength are reduced, and a good water storage space is formed in suitable hydration conditions. In this paper, the roof fall characteristics and failure mechanism of inclined shaft in shallow water‐rich burnt rock area (SWRBRA) are analyzed using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurement. It is revealed that the main factors causing the instability of surrounding rock on inclined shaft in SWRBRA are the deterioration of structure and integrity after rock mass is burnt, the weakening of surrounding rock strength under the action of fissure water, and the lagging support method. Therefore, the key measure to control the stability of surrounding rock in SWRBRA is to block cracks to eliminate the weakening effect of water and advance reinforcement to improve the surrounding rock strength. Through the comprehensive technologies such as rear roadway reinforcement, filling, and rebuilding artificial false roof and pipe shed advanced support, the effective restoration of the roof fall area in SWRBRA is realized. The surrounding rock fractures were closed, the strength of surrounding rock is improved by means of grouting reinforcement, and the stability control of surrounding rock of inclined shaft in SWRBRA is achieved. Burnt rock; Inclined shaft; Roof fall repair; Advance pipe shed; Grouting reinforcement.
Journal Article
Comparison of Drip, Pipe and Surge Spring Root Irrigation for Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Fruit Quality in the Loess Plateau of China
Loess Plateau is a typical rain-fed farming region, facing the threat of drought. Irrigation method is among the most important factors affecting jujube quality. This study investigated the response of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lizao quality to three different irrigation methods (drip-, pipe- and surge spring root irrigation) combining two water levels (20 m(3)/hm(2) and 120 m(3)/hm(2)). The effects of the trials were evaluated by taking into account the physical-chemical characteristics of jujubes and the antioxidant activity. Concomitant to this, the concentration of some taste-related (viz. glucose, fructose, TSS and malic acid) and health-related compounds/parameters (viz. catechin and epicatechin) were generally much greater in jujube fruit treated with drip irrigation (120 m(3)/hm(2)). Different irrigation treatments had no significant effects on antioxidant capacity, total phenolics and proanthocyanidins (except for pipe irrigation 20 m(3)/hm(2)). The best compromise between quality and irrigation of jujube fruit was achieved with drip irrigation (120 m(3)/hm(2)).
Journal Article
Study on the disaster reduction mechanism of presplitting blasting and reasonable blasting parameters for shallowly buried remnant pillars
Disasters such as support crushing easily occur at the mining face under a shallowly buried remnant pillar; therefore, a method for presplitting blasting remnant pillars to relieve stress concentrations and reduce disaster occurrence is proposed. Based on the geological conditions of Nanliang Mine, combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to study the bearing characteristics and stress distribution characteristics of remnant pillars, the influence mechanism of presplitting blasting on remnant pillars in terms of the uncoupling factor, axial charge factor, blast hole arrangement, and detonation method is analyzed, revealing the presplitting blasting and disaster reduction mechanism of shallowly buried remnant pillars; furthermore, reasonable blasting parameters are determined. The results show that the rock is affected by the concentrated load within 40 m below the coal pillar; the reasonable blasting parameters are the uncoupled charge coefficient of 1.5, the axial charge factor of 1.0, and the simultaneous detonation of staggered holes. Blasting coal pillars can reduce the transmission effect of the overlying load and ensure the safe use of low‐resistance hydraulic support. The paper analyzes the bearing characteristics of coal pillars and the stress distribution characteristics of coal pillars. The numerical simulation method was used to compare the blasting effects of different blasting parameters, and the reasonable blasting parameters were determined. The FLAC software was used to simulate the stress variation characteristics of the coal pillar floor before and after blasting.
Journal Article
Baculovirus surface display of E envelope glycoprotein of Japanese encephalitis virus and its immunogenicity of the displayed proteins in mouse and swine models
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), an important pathogen in humans and animals, is capable of causing febrile syndrome, encephalitis and death. The E glycoprotein of JEV is the main target for inducing neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity in the natural host. In this work, we have succeeded in construction of one recombinant baculovirus BacSC-E expressing His6-tagged E with the baculovirus envelope protein gp64 TM and CTD. After infection, E was expressed and anchored on the plasma membrane of Sf-9 cells, as demonstrated by Western blot and confocal microscopy. Immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated that the E glycoprotein was successfully displayed on the viral surface. Vaccination of mouse and swine with recombinant baculovirus BacSC-E successfully induced neutralizing antibody response and protective immunity toward a lethal challenge of the JEV. Taken all findings together, our results indicate that the recombinant baculovirus BacSC-E can be a potential vaccine against JEV infections. This finding provides valuable information for establishing subunit vaccines for JEV antigenic complex viruses. This is a fresh research demonstrating the potential of E-pseudotyped baculovirus as a JEV vaccine.
Journal Article