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"Zhong"
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Chinese grammatology : script revolution and Chinese literary modernity, 1916-1958
\"In premodern East Asia, Chinese dominated everything from poetry to international trade, but by the early twentieth century, the ancient Chinese script began to be targeted as a roadblock to literacy, science, and democracy. Its abolition and replacement by the Latin alphabet came to be seen as a necessary condition of modernity. In China, both the Kuomintang Nationalist government in the 1920s and the Chinese Communist Party in the 1930s had active movements for replacing Chinese script with Latin characters. Nonetheless, when script reform was taken up by the party in 1958, simplification, not latinization, was instituted, and today Chinese script is alive and well. Yurou Zhong argues that just as broader international currents swept the latinization movement in, a postwar anti-imperial critique of Western ethnocentrism was responsible for the retention of the script. She also relates these political movements to the birth of modern Chinese literature and to similar movements in other--mostly socialist--countries at the time\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Circularly polarized luminescence of coordination aggregates
The development and applications of materials with efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have become an interdisciplinary frontier research topic. We summarize herein the recent advance in the development and applications of CPL‐active aggregates based on metal‐ligand coordination materials (termed as “coordination aggregates”). The materials surveyed are classified as aggregates of small‐molecular metal complexes, which include monocomponent assemblies of Pt(II) complexes and other complexes and binary aggregates of metal complexes, and CPL‐active metal‐ligand coordination helicates, polymers, and frameworks. The efforts in improving the dissymmetry luminescence factors and quantum yields of these materials and the use of the aggregation strategy in enhancing the performance of isolated molecules are discussed. The recent applications of chiral metal complexes in circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on solution‐ or evaporation‐processed procedures are surveyed. In addition, the uses of lanthanide complexes in CPL‐contrast imaging and as CPL probes are highlighted. The common discussion on the mechanism of aggregation‐enhanced CPLs and a perspective on future works of CPL‐active coordination aggregates are finally given. The recent progress in the development of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐active aggregates of metal‐ligand coordination materials is summarized, including those based on discrete chiral metal complexes, chiral metal‐ligand helicates, and coordination polymers and frameworks. The applications of these materials in circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes and CPL‐contrast imaging and probes are further discussed.
Journal Article
Nylons with Highly-Bright and Ultralong Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence
Endowing the widely-used synthetic polymer nylon with high-performance organic room-temperature phosphorescence would produce advanced materials with a great potential for applications in daily life and industry. One key to achieving this goal is to find a suitable organic luminophore that can access the triplet excited state with the aid of the nylon matrix by controlling the matrix-luminophore interaction. Herein we report highly-efficient room-temperature phosphorescence nylons by doping cyano-substituted benzimidazole derivatives into the nylon 6 matrix. These homogeneously doped materials show ultralong phosphorescence lifetimes of up to 1.5 s and high phosphorescence quantum efficiency of up to 48.3% at the same time. The synergistic effect of the homogeneous dopant distribution via hydrogen bonding interaction, the rigid environment of the matrix polymer, and the potential energy transfer between doped luminophores and nylon is important for achieving the high-performance room-temperature phosphorescence, as supported by combined experimental and theoretical results with control compounds and various polymeric matrices. One-dimensional optical fibers are prepared from these doped room-temperature phosphorescence nylons that can transport both blue fluorescent and green afterglow photonic signals across the millimeter distance without significant optical attenuation. The potential applications of these phosphorescent materials in dual information encryption and rewritable recording are illustrated.
It may be useful to obtain nylon with room temperature phosphorescence, but identifying a suitable luminophore is challenging. Here, the authors report the doping of nylon with cyano-substituted benzimidazole derivatives for room temperature phosphorescent nylons.
Journal Article
Enhanced piezoelectricity from highly polarizable oriented amorphous fractions in biaxially oriented poly(vinylidene fluoride) with pure β crystals
Piezoelectric polymers hold great potential for various electromechanical applications, but only show low performance, with |
d
33
| < 30 pC/N. We prepare a highly piezoelectric polymer (
d
33
= −62 pC/N) based on a biaxially oriented poly(vinylidene fluoride) (BOPVDF, crystallinity = 0.52). After unidirectional poling, macroscopically aligned samples with pure β crystals are achieved, which show a high spontaneous polarization (
P
s
) of 140 mC/m
2
. Given the theoretical limit of
P
s,β
= 188 mC/m
2
for the neat β crystal, the high
P
s
cannot be explained by the crystalline-amorphous two-phase model (i.e.,
P
s,β
= 270 mC/m
2
). Instead, we deduce that a significant amount (at least 0.25) of an oriented amorphous fraction (OAF) must be present between these two phases. Experimental data suggest that the mobile OAF resulted in the negative and high
d
33
for the poled BOPVDF. The plausibility of this conclusion is supported by molecular dynamics simulations.
Piezoelectric polymers usually have rather low piezoelectric coefficients less than 30 pC/N. Here, the authors achieve a highly piezoelectric polymer (
d
33
= −62 pC/N) based on a poled biaxially oriented poly(vinylidene fluoride) with a pure β phase due to the mobile oriented amorphous fraction.
Journal Article
Circumferential wall enhancement with contrast ratio measurement in unruptured intracranial aneurysm for aneurysm instability
Background Aneurysm wall enhancement on high‐resolution vessel wall imaging (HR‐VWI) may represent vessel wall inflammation for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). Further evidence for the role of circumferential aneurysm wall enhancement (CAWE) in evaluating the instability of UIAs is required, especially in small aneurysms (<7 mm). Methods We analyzed patients with saccular UIAs who prospectively underwent HR‐VWI on a 3.0 T MRI scanner in our center from September 2017 to August 2021. The presence of AWE was identified and quantitatively measured using the aneurysm‐to‐pituitary stalk contrast ratio (CRstalk) with maximal signal intensity value. The PHASES and ELAPSS scores were used to assess the risk of aneurysm rupture and growth. We evaluated the association of CAWE and CRstalk value with intracranial aneurysm instability. Results One hundred patients with 109 saccular UIAs were included in this study. Eighty‐three UIAs (76.1%) had a size smaller than 7 mm. PHASES and ELAPSS scores were significantly higher in UIAs with CAWE than in UIAs without CAWE (p < .01). The association of CAWE with PHASES and ELAPSS scores remained in small UIAs (<7 mm). The optimal cutoff value of CRstalk for CAWE was 0.5. PHASES and ELAPSS scores were significantly higher in UIAs with CRstalk ≥0.5 than in UIAs with CRstalk <0.5 (p < .01). Conclusions CAWE on HR‐VWI is a valuable imaging marker for aneurysm instability in UIAs. CRstalk value ≥0.5 may be associated with a higher risk of intracranial aneurysm rupture and growth. Circumferential aneurysm wall enhancement (CAWE) on high‐resolution vessel wall imaging (HR‐VWI) is a valuable imaging marker for aneurysm instability in small unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The value of aneurysm‐to‐pituitary stalk contrast ratio (CRstalk) ≥0.5 may be associated with a higher risk of intracranial aneurysm rupture and growth.
Journal Article
Political culture and participation in urban China
\"This book discusses one of the most noticeable and significant transformations in China over the past three decades is the rapid and massive urbanization of the country, which has brought shifts in political culture of Chinese urbanites. This book is a systematic and empirical study of political culture in urban China. The book covers various aspects of political culture such as political regime support, political interest, democratic values, political trust, and environmental attitudes and sub-political culture of Chinese urban Christians. This book will be of immense value to urban scholars, sinologists, and those wishing to get a closer look at the issues that affect the political future of a rising world power.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Precision calculation of inflation correlators at one loop
A
bstract
We initiate a systematic study of precision calculation of the inflation correlators at the 1-loop level, starting in this paper with bosonic 1-loop bispectrum with chemical-potential enhancement. Such 1-loop processes could lead to important cosmological collider observables but are notoriously difficult to compute due to the lack of symmetries. We attack the problem from a direct numerical approach based on the real-time Schwinger-Keldysh formalism and show full numerical results for arbitrary kinematics containing both the oscillatory “signals” and the “backgrounds”. Our results show that, while the non-oscillatory part can be one to two orders of magnitude larger, the oscillatory signal can be separated out by applying appropriate high-pass filters. We have also compared the result with analytic estimates typically adopted in the literature. While the amplitude is comparable, there is a non-negligible deviation in the frequency of the oscillatory part away from the extreme squeezed limit.
Journal Article