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Acoustic fault diagnosis technology equipment is non-contact, and the acoustic signal is easy to access. However, it is difficult to extract the feature information of the acoustic signal with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, a fault diagnosis model (FDM) of axle box bearing based on Chirplet transform (CT) and support vector machine (SVM) is established to diagnose bearing fault based on acoustic signal. The availability of the model is verified by comparing with the vibration acceleration signal bearing fault diagnosis results, and the correctness of the model is verified by utilizing the open database of Western Reserve University. The acoustic-vibration comprehensive bearing fault diagnosis experiment platform (AVEP) is established to investigate the acoustic signal and acceleration signal diagnosis accuracy. The results suggest that, based on the FDM, the diagnosis accuracy and stability of acoustic signal are not as good as acceleration signal when the number of samples is small under the single condition; the diagnosis accuracy of acoustic signal is similar to that of acceleration signal when the number of samples is enough under the multiple condition, which provides a reference for the application of acoustic fault diagnosis technology in engineering in the future.

The cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferase (CD-NTase) enzyme family plays a critical role in tumor development, but its clinical significance and biological function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. We analyzed 352 ESCC cases, including 260 from public datasets (TCGA, GSE53624, and GSE53622) and 92 from our clinical cohort. Candidate CD-NTase enzymes were validated through and experiments. Analysis of 11 CD-NTase enzymes identified MB21D2 as the only significant prognostic factor in three clinical cohorts. Patients with low MB21D2 expression demonstrated markedly worse overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis indicated that low MB21D2 was an independent prognostic factor (HR = 2.5, P =0.04; HR = 1.33, P =0.02; HR = 2.5, P =0.02). Furthermore, biological functional experiments showed that knockdown MB21D2 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion in ESCC cells. While overexpression MB21D2 has the opposite effect. RNA-seq and western blotting analysis revealed that knockdown of MB21D2 activates markers associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby promoting ESCC progression. MB21D2 serves as a critical prognostic and functional factor in ESCC progression, offering a potential therapeutic target for improving patient outcomes.

ObjectiveSLE is prevalent among women of reproductive age, increasing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). However, the correlation between the onset time of SLE and APOs remains unclear. This study aimed to analyse and compare pregnancy outcomes and clinical characteristics among three groups of patients with SLE: those with childhood onset, onset in adulthood before pregnancy and onset in adulthood during pregnancy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on pregnant women with SLE admitted to Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from 2010 to 2024. Patients were categorised based on the onset time of SLE. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, medication and pregnancy outcomes were compared among three groups. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between the onset time of SLE and APOs.ResultsThe study included a total of 251 pregnancies from 223 women. Pregnant women with SLE onset in adulthood during pregnancy had more pronounced multisystem disorders, higher disease activity and an increased incidence of APOs. SLE onset in adulthood during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of fetal loss (OR=5.342, 95% CI 1.629 to 17.520, p=0.006) and premature birth (OR=6.390, 95% CI 1.244 to 32.828, p=0.026).ConclusionsPatients with SLE onset in adulthood during pregnancy exhibit more aggressive disease manifestations and higher rates of APOs, while women with childhood-onset or pre-pregnancy-onset SLE had a lower risk. The incidence of APOs does not correlate with disease duration if maternal disease is quiescent in the period before conception. Closer monitoring and tailored management strategies are needed for these patients.

BackgroundSome studies have demonstrated the short-term recovery course for patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy according to preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) assessment. However, reports of the long-term oncological outcomes are still limited.MethodsThe data of 988 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic or robotic radical gastrectomy between January 2014 and September 2018 were analyzed retrospectively at our center, and propensity score matching was used to eliminate bias. Study cohorts were divided into the CTA group (n = 498) and the non-CTA group (n = 490) depending on whether preoperative CTA was available. The primary and secondary endpoints were the 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates and the intraoperative course and short-term outcomes, respectively.Results431 patients were included in each group after PSM. Compared with the non-CTA group, the CTA group had more harvested lymph nodes and less operative time, blood loss, intraoperative vascular injury and total cost, especially in the subgroup analysis with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 patients. There was no difference in the 3 year OS and DFS between the CTA group and the non-CTA group. When further stratified by BMI < 25 or ≥ 25 kg/m2, the 3-year OS and DFS were significantly higher in the CTA group than in the non-CTA group in terms of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.ConclusionsLaparoscopic or robotic radical gastrectomy based on preoperative perigastric artery CTA surgical decision-making has the possibility of improving short-term outcomes. However, there is no difference in the long-term prognosis, except for a subgroup of patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.

Purpose We aimed to present a practical three-dimensional (3D) printed simulator to comprehensively and effectively accelerate the learning curve of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS). Methods The 3D printed simulator consists of three parts: (1) skull frame, (2) the nasal passage and the nasal alar of the face, and (3) a modified sella turcica. We aimed to improve three basic operational skills of surgeons: drilling, curetting, and aspirating. Eighteen neurosurgeons and five post-graduates were recruited and consented for the training. Results For trainees, (1) as the training progressed, the scores increased gradually, (2) a significant increase in the average scores was observed in the tenth training compared to the first training, and (3) there is a significant decrease in trainee variability in the shortening of the gap. The 18 neurosurgeons were divided into three groups: experts, assistants, and observers. For all three basic operations, (1) the average score of experts was obviously higher than that of the assistants, observers, and trainees’ tenth training and (2) the average scores of assistants and observers were obviously higher than that of trainees’ first training. A significant high in the average score between the assistants and the observers was seen for aspirating, but not for drilling or curetting. For curetting and aspirating, the tenth training average score of trainees was obviously higher than that of assistants and observers. Conclusion This 3D printed simulator allows different endoscopic basic operations to be simulated and improves the EETS techniques of surgeons. We believed it to be a practical, simple, and low-cost simulator.

Assessing the carbon sequestration capacity of regional ecosystems is essential for achieving carbon neutrality goals. However, existing research often fails to comprehensively evaluate the spatial-temporal dynamic changes of ecosystem carbon emission and absorption. This study introduces a Carbon Benefit Index (CBI) to assess carbon neutrality potential and classifies Shandong’s 16 cities into four regions based on their carbon storage and emission profiles. We conducted an in-depth analysis of ecosystem carbon benefit in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2020 using the multimodel random forest ensemble method, which enhances the accuracy of carbon sink simulations across terrestrial ecosystems. Our results showed that from 2000 to 2020, Shandong’s carbon emission increased by 1.45 × 10 8 tons (a 203.8% rise), while carbon storage decreased by 3.40 × 10 7 tons (a 2.05% decline). Compared to previous studies, our findings underscore the significance of both above-ground and below-ground carbon storage. Grey correlation analysis of land use, anthropogenic CO 2 emission, and ecosystem carbon storage revealed that cultivated and forest lands were most significantly correlated with carbon storage, whereas built-up areas were most closely linked to carbon emission. The CBI analysis and classification of the 16 cities into four categories highlights the spatial-temporal heterogeneous of the carbon efficiency, and diverse roles cities play in the province’s overall carbon balance, informing city-specific, targeted carbon reduction strategies. The study emphasizes the need for spatially differentiated, comprehensive carbon accounting to improve carbon efficiency. Based on these findings, we propose tailored low-carbon improvement strategies for different regions. This research not only contributes to existing literature by incorporating below-ground carbon storage but also provides valuable insights for policy and land management, with practical implications for promoting sustainable development and advancing efforts toward carbon neutrality.

In nature, enzymes at specific folded conformations exhibit high substrate complementarity, enabling them to efficiently and selectively catalyze biochemical reactions. Inspired by enzymes, coordination cages with conformational dynamics have been designed and are receiving increasing attention due to their versatile applications in allosteric guest binding and catalysis. We present here two enzyme-mimicking adaptive macrocycle-based coordination cages, Pd 2 L 1 2 and Pd 2 L 2 2 , from macrocycle-based ligands (L 1 and L 2 ) and the encapsulation and stabilization of Lindqvist polyoxometalates anions M 6 O 19 2− (M = W or Mo) in neutral aqueous solution. X-ray crystallographic studies have verified the formation of 1:1 host-guest complexes of two Pd 2 L 2 cages and the W 6 O 19 2− . anion, via an induced-fit folding mechanism. Compared with the free host, Pd 2 L 1 2 exhibited an induced-fit semi-folded conformation in the inclusion complex, while Pd 2 L 2 2 adopted an induced-fit fully-folded conformation. Moreover, the Mo 6 O 19 ⊂Pd 2 L 2 host-guest complexes demonstrate high yield and selectivity in the oxidative decontamination reaction of the sulfur mustard simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide. This work not only sheds light on the importance of conformational adaptability in enzyme-like systems but also paves the way for protecting labile POM clusters via host-guest encapsulation toward enhanced catalytic performance in aqueous solution.

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) suggest great promises in code and proof generations. However, scaling automated formal verification to real-world projects requires resolving cross-module dependencies and global contexts, which are crucial challenges overlooked by existing LLM-based methods with a special focus on targeting isolated, function-level verification tasks. To systematically explore and address the significant challenges of verifying entire software repositories, we introduce RVBench, the first verification benchmark explicitly designed for repository-level evaluation, constructed from four diverse and complex open-source Verus projects. We further introduce RagVerus, an extensible framework that synergizes retrieval-augmented generation with context-aware prompting to automate proof synthesis for multi-module repositories. RagVerus triples proof pass rates on existing benchmarks under constrained model inference budgets, and achieves a 27% relative improvement on the more challenging RVBench benchmark, demonstrating a scalable and sample-efficient verification solution.

Scaling automated formal verification to real-world projects requires resolving cross-module dependencies and global contexts, which are challenges overlooked by existing function-centric methods. We introduce RagVerus, a framework that synergizes retrieval-augmented generation with context-aware prompting to automate proof synthesis for multi-module repositories, achieving a 27% relative improvement on our novel RepoVBench benchmark -- the first repository-level dataset for Verus with 383 proof completion tasks. RagVerus triples proof pass rates on existing benchmarks under constrained language model budgets, demonstrating a scalable and sample-efficient verification.