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To improve the properties of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), the surface of MSNs was functionally modified with a pH-sensitive polymer. Using polyethylene glycol 2000-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG2000-DSPE) as a modifier and doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug, the pH-sensitive mesoporous silica composite nanocarriers were formed. When the MSNs were modified with PEG2000-DSPE at (m(PEG2000-DSPE):m(MSNs) = 1:5), DOX loaded in PEG2000-DSPE-MSNs (DOX-PEG-DSPE-MSNs) possessed good physicochemical properties including the highest drug loading (loading efficiency of (76.58 ± 0.75)% and loading capacity of (9.34 ± 0.03)%), the lowest average particle size ((298 ± 2) nm) and uniform size distribution (PDI of (0.14 ± 0.01)), colloid stability (zeta potential of (− 16.5 ± 0.3) mV), large specific surface area ((512 ± 4) m2g−1) and high pore capacity ((0.29 ± 0.02) cm3g−1). A lipid bilayer formed by PEG-DSPE2000 and phospholipid coated the MSN surface, acting as the “gatekeeper” for blocking the nanopores of MSNs, preventing the leakage and burst release of DOX absorbed in the mesoporous channel. Due to the hydrolysis of the amino group of PEG-DSPE in an acidic media, the “gatekeeper” broken, leading to destabilization and destruction of the lipid bilayer, exhibiting the pH-responsive release of DOX, which was fitted with a bi-phase exponential kinetic release model. PEG-DSPE-MSNs exhibited low cytotoxicity to LO2 cells and improved the biocompatibility of MSNs. PEG-DSPE-MSNs delivered DOX to tumor cells effectively due to pH-sensitive and sustained release, contributing to the significant inhibition of Hepg-2 cells. The results confirm the benefits of surface functionalization of MSNs with PEG-DSPE, and the potential application of tumor-targeted drugs.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) can infect most mammals and is well known for causing substantial economic losses in the pig industry. In addition to pigs, PRV infection usually leads to severe itching, central nervous system dysfunction, and 100% mortality in its non-natural hosts. It should be noted that increasing human cases of PRV infection have been reported in China since 2017, and these patients have generally suffered from nervous system damage and even death. Here, we reviewed the current prevalence and variation in PRV worldwide as well as the PRV-caused infections in animals and humans, and briefly summarized the vaccines and diagnostic methods used for pseudorabies control. Most countries, including China, have control programs in place for pseudorabies in domestic pigs, and thus, the disease is on the decline; however, PRV is still globally epizootic and an important pathogen for pigs. In countries where pseudorabies in domestic pigs have already been eliminated, the risk of PRV transmission by infected wild animals should be estimated and prevented. As a member of the alphaherpesviruses, PRV showed protein-coding variation that was relatively higher than that of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and its evolution was mainly contributed to by the frequent recombination observed between different genotypes or within the clade. Recombination events have promoted the generation of new variants, such as the variant strains resulting in the outbreak of pseudorabies in pigs in China, 2011. There have been 25 cases of PRV infections in humans reported in China since 2017, and they were considered to be infected by PRV variant strains. Although PRV infections have been sporadically reported in humans, their causal association remains to be determined. This review provided the latest epidemiological information on PRV for the better understanding, prevention, and treatment of pseudorabies.

Continuous cropping obstacles are significant factors that limit the yield and quality of tobacco. Thus, the selection and breeding of varieties is a crucial strategy for mitigating these challenges. However, the effects and mechanisms by which different tobacco varieties influence the structural composition of soil microbial remain unclear. To address this, we conducted a field experiment involving five tobacco varieties (K326, K394, XL, Y87, and Y97) and two types of soil (continuous cropping obstacle soil and normal soil). We examined microbial responses to different tobacco varieties in each soil type. Our results revealed that soil available nutrients and organic matter were decreased in obstacle soil compared to normal soil. The fresh biomass decreased by 18.05–27.92% in obstacle soil (except K394 and Y97). The microbial community composition in the rhizosphere soil remained consistent in various tobacco varieties in obstacle soil. The connections between soil fertility nutrients and microbial communities were reduced in obstacle soil compared to normal soil. The alteration of bacterial community composition was a stochastic process, whereas the modification of fungal community composition was a deterministic process in obstacle soil. Furthermore, the abundance of differential fungi (Zoopagomycota) was notably higher in obstacle soil. Overall, our results revealed that the disturbance of microbial communities and soil degradation in the obstacle soil are primary factors contributing to reduced crop yields. Therefore, it is an economical strategy for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles by utilizing rhizosphere microecology through multi-variety planting.

Inefficiencies in the construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycling supply chain constrain green innovation in the construction industry. However, existing studies have not analyzed the innovation behavior of recyclers in CDW recycling public-private partnership (PPP) projects from the perspective of innovation diffusion theory. To reveal the mechanism of recyclers’ innovation behavior in CDW recycling PPP projects in which recyclers and remanufacturers jointly participate in the operation stage, this study uses a Stackelberg game to analyze the optimal innovation strategy choice and total profit of the CDW recycling supply chain among the two innovation paths of green independent innovation and green imitation innovation under the combined effects of technology spillover, consumer green sensitivity, and government price subsidies to consumers. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) Remanufacturers and recyclers can improve their own innovation level and profit through technology spillover. (2) The total profit of the CDW recycling supply chain changes dynamically with the level of spillover. (3) The government price subsidy to consumers does not always improve the total profit of the CDW recycling supply chain. (4) The effect of consumers’ green sensitivity on the total profit of the CDW recycling supply chain shows heterogeneity with the innovation path of recyclers and the level of technological spillover. This study not only enriches the theoretical study of the green supply chain but also provides a basis for decision-making for recyclers and governments in practice.

Research in the field of project management has focused on recycling construction and demolition waste (CDW). However, the problem of how to compensate for the performance of CDW recycling public–private partnership (PPP) projects during the operation period has not been resolved. This paper aims to reveal the compensation mechanism during the operation period of CDW recycling PPP projects considering the two-stage performance of recycling and remanufacturing. This paper takes CDW recycling PPP projects as the research object and uses the Stackelberg game and principal-agent theory to establish and solve the master-slave game decision model of CDW recycling PPP projects. The main conclusions are as follows. When social welfare is maximized, the performance compensation coefficients in the recycling and remanufacturing stages are the same and have homogeneity. In addition, the compensation policy positively promotes the two-stage performance, social capital profit and social welfare of the recycling and remanufacturing of CDW recycling PPP projects. This paper not only broadens the application knowledge system of the relevant knowledge of project management in the field of CDW recycling but also provides new evidence for principal-agent theory from the operation stage of CDW recycling PPP projects.

The geomagnetic field is a natural barrier to protect the Earth and maintain the stability of the Earth's environment, and is widely used in various fields as an important strategic resource. Many studies indicated that the changes in the geomagnetic field have intensified in recent years. This study uses the 13th generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field model (IGRF-13) to investigate the long-term changes in the Earth's main magnetic field from 1900 to 2020 and analyzes the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). The results show that, the main magnetic field exhibits an increasing trend in the Eastern Hemisphere, while its variations in the Western Hemisphere are more diverse. The Earth's dipole moment is decreasing while the non-dipole moment is increasing in the last 120 years, which means the contribution from dipole (non-dipole) field is decreasing (increasing). The average westward drifting speed of the main field is 0.2°/a since 1900, with the anomaly field exhibiting a predo

地磁场是保护地球的天然屏障，维持着地球环境的稳定，作为重要战略资源在各领域应用广泛，但最近的研究表明近年来地磁场变化加剧. 本文利用第13代国际地磁参考场模型（IGRF-13）对1900—2020年以来的主磁场长期变化规律进行研究，并进一步分析了南大西洋地磁异常区的演化特征. 研究结果表明，近120年来，主磁场强度在东半球大致呈现增加趋势，而在西半球的变化较为多样化. 在此时间段内，地球偶极矩不断减小，非偶极磁矩不断增强，代表偶极场（非偶极子场）对总场的贡献在减小（增加）. 1900年以来，地磁场的平均西漂速度为0.2°/a，全球磁异常区的运动以西向漂移为主，并伴随轻度的南北向漂移. 在水平方向上，主磁场梯度异常焦点在北半球变化缓慢，而在南半球呈现速度较快的西向漂移，同时伴有轻微的南北向漂移. 自1930年左右非洲异常区形成以来，纬向梯度的非洲和南大西洋零等值线发生较快的南移和西漂. 所有成分共同影响的磁极相对偶极场主导的地磁极变化较快，且其移动方向和速度在南北半球存在差异：在北半球，磁极已从西半球跨越至东半球，而在南半球，磁极则向低纬度地区移动. 南大西洋地磁异常区作为地球主磁场中强度最弱的区域，其西侧的主极小值与2007年在东侧新出现的次极小值相比，在同时期表现出103nT量级的显著低值. 尽管南大西洋地磁异常区的磁场强度总体呈现衰减趋势，主极小值和次极小值之间的差距也在逐年缩小. 此外，主极小值中心在这120年来整体表现为西南向漂移趋势，而次极小值中心自2007年来向东漂移，并伴随轻微的南北向漂移.

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and overweight/obesity are significant global public health issues. Appropriate free-time physical activity (PA) is essential for overweight/obese patients with chronic kidney disease, but specific guidelines are lacking. The present study was conducted to determine the association between PA and all-cause mortality in these patients. Methods Data from 3,434 overweight/obese adults with CKD from the 1999–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed. Associations between clinical/laboratory findings and PA intensity (moderate and vigorous) were investigated. The all-cause mortality of patients in different PA categories were compared by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Factors associated with all-cause mortality were determined using a Cox proportional hazards model. A restricted cubic spline was employed to obtain a more flexible and detailed representation of the relationship between PA intensity and all-cause mortality, with better predictive capability. Results The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that greater all-cause mortality was associated with < 10 min/week moderate/vigorous PA (log-rank p  < 0.001). A greater survival probability was associated with ≥ 150 min/week vigorous PA or 10–149 min/week moderate PA (log-rank p  < 0.001). Age, gender, vigorous PA, smoking status, alcohol consumption, diabetes status, eGFR, serum albumin level, uric acid level, and blood urea nitrogen level were identified as factors associated independently with mortality in the Cox proportional hazards analysis. The restricted cubic splines revealed that these relationships were non-linear (all p  < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis of data from patients who engaged in 10–450 min/week moderate/vigorous PA revealed significant differences between the 0–74-min/week and other vigorous PA groups (all log-rank p  < 0.001). Conclusions Extended durations of vigorous PA are associated with reduced all-cause mortality in overweight/obese patients with CKD. Clinicians should recommend vigorous free-time PA to these patients, and public health interventions should target this goal to maximize patient health.

The adenoma-adenocarcinoma pathway represents a crucial mechanism underlying the development of colorectal precancerous lesions, encompassing approximately 85%-90% of colorectal cancer (CRC). Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying colorectal cancer progression is of paramount importance for achieving early and accurate diagnosis as well as effective treatment. We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy controls, adenoma patients, and adenocarcinoma patients, and performed transcriptomic profiling to characterize dynamic gene expression during carcinogenesis. Diagnostic potential was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and a random-forest model was trained to classify disease status. The screening identified genes with consistent expression changes as potential early diagnostic markers, and further exploration of their functions and significance in CRC is conducted through analysis of the TCGA database. The findings revealed that the progression of precancerous lesions in the “Normal-Adenoma-Cancer” (N-A-C) sequence was accompanied by a sustained enhancement of the immune response. Notably, HECW2, WARS1, SLC16A3, SECTM1, IFITM3, ADAMTSL4, FCGR1A, F2RL1, OPLAH, SERPINA1, FCGR1CP showed consistent upregulation with promising diagnostic performance. In our PBMC cohort, the random-forest classifier achieved an accuracy of 93.62%, indicating potential for distinguishing cancer from precancerous lesions. The bioinformatics analysis revealed a significant association of these genes with DNA methyltransferase, DNA mismatch repair, m6A regulator, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI). Furthermore, a detailed analysis was further performed on WARS1. In the “N-A-C” sequence, WARS1 exhibited a significant upregulation in both blood and tissues, demonstrating a positive correlation with augmented infiltration of immune cells, activation of stromal and immune responses, as well as heightened activity during the cancer immune cycle. However, it demonstrates a declining trend in the progression of CRC from stage I to IV, which may be intricately associated with the metastasis of CRC. The WARS1 can serve as a reliable indicator of the immune response in CRC, thereby demonstrating its potential to impede tumorigenesis or metastasis.

Substantial morbidity and mortality are associated with postcardiac arrest brain injury (PCABI). MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are essential regulators of neuronal metabolism processes and have been shown to contribute to alleviated neurological injury after cardiac arrest. In this study, we identified miRNAs related to the prognosis of patients with neurological dysfunction after cardiopulmonary resuscitation based on data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, we explored the effects of miR-483-5p on mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, and oxidative stress levels after ischemia‒reperfusion injury in vitro and in vivo. MiR-483-5p was downregulated in PC12 cells and hippocampal samples compared with that in normal group cells and hippocampi. Overexpression of miR-483-5p increased the viability of PC12 cells after ischemia‒reperfusion injury and reduced the proportion of dead cells. A western blot analysis showed that miR-483-5p increased the protein expression of PCG-1, NRF1, and TFAM and reduced the protein expression of Bax and cleaved caspase 3, inhibiting the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and alleviating oxidative stress injury by inhibiting the production of ROS and reducing MDA activity. We confirmed that miR-483-5p targeted TNFSF8 to regulate the AMPK/JNK pathway, thereby playing a neuroprotective role after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Hence, this study provides further insights into strategies for inhibiting neurological impairment after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and suggests a potential therapeutic target for PCABI.