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"Zhou, Feifei"
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Field guide to the patchy Anthropocene : the new nature
\"A Field Guide to the Patchy Anthropocene leads the reader through a series of sites, observations, thought experiments, and genre-stretching descriptive practices to take stock of our current planetary crisis. This is a guide for researchers of many stripes; a book that nurtures and promotes a revitalized natural history in direct response to worlds falling apart\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
A strongly adhesive hemostatic hydrogel for the repair of arterial and heart bleeds
Uncontrollable bleeding is a major problem in surgical procedures and after major trauma. Existing hemostatic agents poorly control hemorrhaging from traumatic arterial and cardiac wounds because of their weak adhesion to wet and mobile tissues. Here we design a photo-reactive adhesive that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. This biomacromolecule-based matrix hydrogel can undergo rapid gelling and fixation to adhere and seal bleeding arteries and cardiac walls after UV light irradiation. These repairs can withstand up to 290 mm Hg blood pressure, significantly higher than blood pressures in most clinical settings (systolic BP 60–160 mm Hg). Most importantly, the hydrogel can stop high-pressure bleeding from pig carotid arteries with 4~ 5 mm-long incision wounds and from pig hearts with 6 mm diameter cardiac penetration holes. Treated pigs survived after hemostatic treatments with this hydrogel, which is well-tolerated and appears to offer significant clinical advantage as a traumatic wound sealant.
Uncontrollable bleeding is a major problem in surgery and after trauma. Here the authors design a photo-reactive adhesive that mimics the composition of connective tissue and is able to stop high pressure bleeding within half a minute.
Journal Article
A Novel Method of Automatic Plant Species Identification Using Sparse Representation of Leaf Tooth Features
Automatic species identification has many advantages over traditional species identification. Currently, most plant automatic identification methods focus on the features of leaf shape, venation and texture, which are promising for the identification of some plant species. However, leaf tooth, a feature commonly used in traditional species identification, is ignored. In this paper, a novel automatic species identification method using sparse representation of leaf tooth features is proposed. In this method, image corners are detected first, and the abnormal image corner is removed by the PauTa criteria. Next, the top and bottom leaf tooth edges are discriminated to effectively correspond to the extracted image corners; then, four leaf tooth features (Leaf-num, Leaf-rate, Leaf-sharpness and Leaf-obliqueness) are extracted and concatenated into a feature vector. Finally, a sparse representation-based classifier is used to identify a plant species sample. Tests on a real-world leaf image dataset show that our proposed method is feasible for species identification.
Journal Article
Noise and Interference Suppression Control Method of DC-DC Buck Converters Based on Cascaded Filter LADRC
Due to the high gain characteristics of the extended state observer (ESO), ADRC technology will be affected by high-frequency measurement noise in the buck circuit, the traditional method of using low-pass filters to filter the output signal will cause loss of amplitude and phase. A novel DC-DC buck noise and disturbance rejection control method based on a filter cascade-based linear active disturbance rejection control (F-CLADRC) is proposed to solve the above problems in this paper. Consequently, while suppressing noise, firstly, it can enhance LADRC’s ability to estimate and compensate for disturbances in real-time. Secondly, it can improve the system’s robustness and ensure the tracking accuracy. Thirdly, it can effectively compensate for the amplitude and phase loss caused by output filtering. A set of simulations conducted on the DC-DC buck converter system show that, the proposed method is more reasonable and effective compared with the conventional control methods.
Journal Article
Application effectiveness analysis of diversified teaching combined with virtual simulation experiments in standardized training for orthopedic residents
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the application effect of combining diversified teaching with virtual simulation experiments in the standardized training for orthopedic residents.
Methods
Thirty residents from Peking University Third Hospital were selected and randomly divided into three groups (
n
= 10 per group): the Virtual Simulation group, the Medical Manikin group, and the Virtual Simulation combined with Simulator group (the Combined Training group). All participants received online pre-study and 3-h offline theoretical teaching. Subsequently, the Virtual Simulation group underwent 2-h virtual simulation training for lumbar spinal stenosis, the Simulator group received 2-h simulator-based lumbar spinal stenosis training, and the Combined Training group received 1-h virtual simulation training plus 1-h simulator-based training. After the training, all participants completed theoretical assessments and practical skill examinations on the integrated diagnosis and treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. Their subjective evaluations of the training were also collected via questionnaires.
Results
The results showed that the Combined Training group achieved significantly higher scores in both theoretical knowledge (92.1 ± 3.8) and practical skills (92.7 ± 2.8) compared to the Medical Manikin group (theoretical: 84.2 ± 3.1, practical: 83.0 ± 3.1) and the Virtual Simulation group (theoretical: 86.5 ± 2.7, practical: 86.1 ± 3.1).
Conclusion
The combination of diversified teaching and virtual simulation experiments demonstrates significant advantages in enhancing the teaching effectiveness of integrated diagnosis and treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis. The teaching model combining virtual simulation and simulators is more effective in improving residents' learning efficiency and practical skills compared to using either modality alone.
Journal Article
“Across Time and Space, I Am Together with Many, Many Others”: Digital Writing and Temporality on Chinese Social Media
Current scholarship tends to see temporality as a problem or challenge to be overcome in communication on social media (as in “context collapse” and “time collapse”). Drawing on in-depth interviews of Chinese users of a digital writing function (bullet comments) on a major video-sharing platform, we aim to expand current research and deepen understandings of temporality and digital writing. We offer a broader, more positive conceptualization of time on social media by highlighting an alternative set of time-related practices and experiences, mediated by bullet comments. Following recent studies of individuals’ making and experiencing of time in media-saturated societies, our article investigates Chinese social media users’ diverse time-sensitive practices and multi-dimensional temporal experiences. We outline their creative practices from the bottom up, which make use of the distinct technological design of bullet comments. Four interrelated themes in their temporal experiences are analyzed and the similarities and differences with the Deleuzian concept of “crystal of time” explained. Overall, we demonstrate the semiotic power of digital writing in facilitating new meaning-making practices, producing multi-layered mediated temporalities, and affording multisensory, enriching, bonding experiences. The significance and implications of this study for future studies are discussed, in view of the expansion of bullet comments to Chinese mainstream, commercial platforms.
Journal Article
Case Report: TNF-Alpha Inhibitors to Rescue Pregnancy in Women With Potential Pregnancy Loss: A Report of Ten Cases
Miscarriage poses a significant threat to pregnant women globally. Recurrent miscarriages or potential poor embryonic development indicated by early drops in serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) are even more catastrophic for pregnant women. However, these patients receive either individualized medical intervention supported by limited evidence or no treatment at all. In this study, we report ten patients who shared at least one episode of an early decline of hCG in the first trimester and were treated with compassionate use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor (TNFi). They were then followed up regularly with caution. Their hCG trajectory all resumed a normal pattern within one week and the obstetric outcomes were promising. No adverse fetal, neonatal, or maternal health issues have been observed. This case series supports current safety evidence of TNFi and provides new insight into its use in pregnancy when the embryo is in danger. Further well-designed clinical trials should be carried out to consolidate the evidence.
Journal Article
Classification of Nanomaterial Drug Delivery Systems for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, primarily arises from defects in the colonic barrier, imbalances of the gut microbiota, and immune response issues. These complex causes make it difficult to achieve a complete cure. Patients with IBD frequently experience recurrent abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea, while severe cases may result in intestinal obstruction, perforation, and cancer. Lifelong maintenance therapy may thus be needed to manage these symptoms; however, traditional IBD drugs, such as 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and biological agents, are often associated with problems including poor solubility, instability, and ineffective targeting, as well as causing serious side effects in non-target tissues. Nanomaterial drug delivery systems (NDDS) have recently shown great promise in optimizing drug distribution, solubility through biocompatible coatings, enhancing bioavailability via PEGylation and reducing side effects. These formulations can enhance a drug's pharmacokinetics by modifying its properties, improve its ability to cross barriers, and boost bioavailability. In addition, NDDS can enable targeted delivery, increase local drug concentrations, improve efficacy, and reduce side effects, as well as protecting active drug molecules from immune recognition and protease degradation. The clinical use of these systems for treating IBD, however, requires further research. This review summarizes the classification of NDDS for IBD, and concludes that, despite ongoing challenges, NDDS may represent an effective treatment approach for IBD. In summary, NDDS enhance the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to specific cells or tissues, thereby improving drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. These systems effectively surmount biological barriers, facilitating efficient drug delivery to targeted sites, which is crucial for attaining optimal therapeutic outcomes. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of how the physicochemical properties of NDDS influence pharmacological behavior in vivo and can expedite their clinical translation.
Journal Article
The role of Interleukin-22 in severe acute pancreatitis
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) begins with premature activation of enzymes, promoted by the immune system, triggering a potential systemic inflammatory response that leads to organ failure with increased mortality and a bleak prognosis. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine that may have a significant role in SAP. IL-22, a member of the IL-10 cytokine family, has garnered growing interest owing to its potential tissue-protective properties. Recently, emerging research has revealed its specific effects on pancreatic diseases, particularly SAP. This paper provides a review of the latest knowledge on the role of IL-22 and its viability as a therapeutic target in SAP.
Highlights
1. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines.
2. IL-22 is a potential indicator for monitoring organ dysfunction and severity of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
3. IL-22 acts as a protective factor against acinar cell damage by suppressing autophagy and reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells.
4. IL-22 alleviate SAP-induced multiorgan injury.
5. IL-22 protect SAP-induced intestinal barrier damage.
Journal Article
Linking growth dynamics and intra-annual density fluctuations to late-summer precipitation in humid subtropical China
Global warming has intensified extreme rainfall events and prolonged droughts, significantly impacting tree growth and wood formation. This study investigates the effects of late-summer precipitation variability on the intra-annual growth dynamics of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Cryptomeria fortunei in humid subtropical China. Microcores were collected from 12 trees at 7–10 days intervals between March and December from 2021 to 2023 in the Gushan Mountains. Typically, high temperatures and rainfall deficits in July induce cambial dormancy, while subsequent rainfall in August and September reactivates growth, resulting in a bimodal growth pattern. However, in 2022, an unprecedented drought (August–October rainfall 77% below average) shortened the growing season, causing an early cessation of growth and a rare unimodal growth pattern. In contrast, persistent rainfall in 2023 accelerated cell enlargement to 7 μm d - ¹ and significantly increased latewood intra-annual density fluctuations (L-IADFs). Notably, despite abundant late-summer rainfall in 2021, L-IADFs did not form, indicating a nonlinear and inconsistent relationship between rainfall and L-IADFs. These findings highlight the critical role of late-summer precipitation variability in shaping tree growth patterns and wood density in southeastern China. Given the expected increase in precipitation variability under climate change, regional forest ecosystems may become more vulnerable. This study provides valuable insights for forest management strategies to enhance resilience and mitigate climate-related risks.
Journal Article