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The selective cleavage of C-C bonds is of fundamental interest because it provides an alternative approach to traditional chemical synthesis, which is focused primarily on building up molecular complexity. However, current C-C cleavage methods provide only limited opportunities. For example, selective C(sp 3 )-C(sp 3 ) bond cleavage generally relies on the use of transition-metal to open strained ring systems or iminyl and alkoxy radicals to induce β-fragmentation. Here we show that by merging photoredox catalysis with copper catalysis, we are able to employ α-trisubstituted carboxylic acids as substrates and achieve consecutive C-C bond cleavage, resulting in the scission of the inert β-CH 2 group. The key transformation relies on the decarboxylative oxidation process, which could selectively generate in-situ formed alkoxy radicals and trigger consecutive C-C bond cleavage. This complicated yet interesting reaction might help the development of other methods for inert C(sp 3 )-C(sp 3 ) bond cleavage. The selective cleavage of inert C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds and their subsequent functionalization is an important goal in synthetic organic chemistry. Here, the authors developed consecutive C–C bond cleavage from stable trisubstituted acids via photocatalysis and copper catalysis.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is recognized as a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the accumulation of lipids and inflammatory cells within the damaged walls of arterial vessels. It is a significant independent risk factor for ischemic cardiovascular disease, ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Despite the availability of current treatments such as statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and lifestyle modifications for prevention, AS remains a leading cause of morbidity and economic burden worldwide. Thus, there is a pressing need for the development of new supplementary and alternative therapies or medications. Huangqin ( Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. [SBG]), a traditional Chinese medicine, exerts a significant immunomodulatory effect in AS prevention and treatment, with baicalin being identified as one of the primary active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. Baicalin offers a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including the regulation of immune balance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and improvement of lipid metabolism dysregulation. Consequently, it exerts beneficial effects in both AS onset and progression. This review provides an overview of the immunomodulatory properties and mechanisms by which baicalin aids in AS prevention and treatment, highlighting its potential as a clinical translational therapy.

Sarcopenia refers to age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. SARC-F is a screening tool for sarcopenia with high specificity and relatively good overall diagnostic accuracy but with low sensitivity. This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of SARC-F and its three modified versions (SARC-CalF, SARC-F+AC, and SARC-CalF+AC) for screening sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Diagnostic accuracy study. We screened sarcopenia of older adults (age ≥ 60 years) in three communities in 2020. The participants' information and anthropometric measurements were collected, respectively. The updated consensuses of AWGS2019 and the EWGSOP2 were applied as the reference standards. we performed sensitivity/specificity analyses and estimated the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the four scales. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 26.4% and 12.5% based on the AWGS2019 and EWGSOP2 criteria, respectively. The sensitivities/specificities of SARC-F, SARC-CalF, SARC-F+AC, and SARC-CalF+AC were 12.26%/95.59%, 47.17%/91.53%, 82.08%/68.47%, and 75.47%/83.73%, respectively, using the AWGS2019 criteria. Further, the corresponding AUCs of SARC-F, SARC-CalF, SARC-F+AC, and SARC-CalF+AC were 0.650 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.601–0.697), 0.811 (95% CI: 0.769–0.848), 0.801 (95% CI: 0.759–0.839), and 0.848 (95% CI: 0.809–0.881), respectively. Using the EWGSOP2 criteria, the sensitivities/specificities of SARC-F, SARC-CalF, SARC-F+AC, and SARC-CalF+AC were 20.00%/95.44%, 56.00%/86.61%, 70.00%/81.20%, and 80.00%/74.93%, respectively. The AUCs of SARC-F, SARC-CalF, SARC-F+AC, and SARC-CalF+AC were 0.706 (95% CI: 0.659–0.750), 0.799 (95% CI: 0.756–0.837), 0.815 (95% CI: 0.774–0.852), and 0.834 (95% CI: 0.794–0.869), respectively. The modified versions of SARC-F+AC and SARC-CalF+AC, which have superior sensitivity, can be used to screen sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. SARC-CalF+AC had the highest overall diagnostic accuracy for screening sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults.

Oil and gas reservoirs dominated by coarse clastic rocks, particularly conglomerates (including gravel sandstones), are commonly termed conglomerate reservoirs in both the domestic and international literature. Sandy conglomerate reservoirs generally have high thickness and high productivity per unit area, but because of their characteristics such as rapid lithology change, strong heterogeneity, low porosity, and low permeability, it is difficult to develop conventional waterflooding. There is an urgent need for an efficient development scheme for the giant sandy conglomerate reservoir. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology was employed to investigate the stratified injection-production strategy for large-scale sandy conglomerate reservoirs. Three representative cores from different strata were selected to perform CO2 flooding and CO2-water alternating gas (WAG) flooding experiments, respectively. The aim was to explore how different development methods affect the recovery efficiency of various core types and the distribution of remaining oil under miscible and immiscible pressure conditions. The results show that immiscible CO2 flooding mainly displaces crude oil in large pores, and oil in micropores and mesopores is difficult to displace. After gas channeling, there is still a large area of residual oil “aggregate” in the core, and the recovery rate is low. Compared with medium-coarse sandstone, the strong heterogeneity of sandy conglomerates leads to early gas breakthrough and low recovery efficiency during gas flooding. Compared with CO2 flooding, CO2-WAG flooding can balance the micro-oil displacement effect between micropores and macropores, significantly improve the oil production in micropores and mesopores. Thus, CO2-WAG flooding has a certain micropore “profile control” effect, which can delay the gas channeling and improve the core recovery efficiency of reservoirs, especially for the highly heterogeneous sandstone. Miscible CO2 flooding can effectively extract the oil in the mesopores and micropores that immiscible CO2 flooding is difficult to displace. The gas breakthrough is slower and the recovery is much higher in miscible CO2-WAG flooding than that of immiscible one. Therefore, ensuring that the formation pressure is higher than the minimum miscible pressure to achieve miscible flooding is the key to reservoir stimulation.

In this study, a series of new sulfone derivatives containing a sulfonohydrazide moiety were synthesized and their structures were determined using 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and HRMS. Then, the in vitro antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri ( Xac ) were evaluated by performing turbidimeter test. Bioactivity results showed that compound 2-(4-fluorobenzene-1-sulfonyl)- N′ -(4-fluorobenzene-1-sulfonyl)acetohydrazide ( 5g ) revealed the best antibacterial activities against Xoo and Xac , with the 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) values of 25 and 36 µg/mL, respectively, which were superior to those of thiodiazole copper (110 and 230 µg/mL, respectively) and bismerthiazol (84 and 146 µg/mL, respectively).

Here, we report a circular double-stranded DNA virus from red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The complete genome sequence is 7,837 nt in length and shares 98.7% nucleotide sequence identity with epiphyllum mottle-associated virus (EpMoaV) and 40.4–54.6% with other members of the genus Badnavirus. It has four open reading frames (ORFs), encoding putative proteins of 19.9, 14.8, 225.7 and 14.2 kDa, respectively. The reverse transcriptase (RT)-ribonuclease H (RNase H) region exhibits less than 70.5% nucleotide sequence identity to RT-RNase H of other badnaviruses, and 99.7% to that of EpMoaV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus from this study and EpMoaV form a single group. Consequently, we propose this virus as a new member of the genus Badnavirus in the family Caulimoviridae and have named it “pitaya badnavirus 1” (PiBV1). PiBV1 and EpMoaV should be considered two isolates of a badnavirus that infects members of the family Cactaceae.

The fibrillin ( ) gene family is highly conserved and widely distributed in the photosynthetic organs of plants. Members of this gene family are involved in the growth and development of plants and their response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Wheat ( , an important food crop, has a complex genetic background and little progress has occurred in the understanding of its molecular mechanisms. In this study, we identified 26 genes in the whole genome of through bioinformatic tools and biotechnological means. These genes were divided into 11 subgroups and were distributed on 11 chromosomes of . Interestingly, most of the genes were located on the chromosomes 2A, 2B and 2D. The gene structure of each subgroup of gene family members and the position and number of motifs were highly similar. The evolutionary analysis results indicated that the affinities of in monocots were closer together. The tissue-specific analysis revealed that genes were expressed in different tissues and developmental stages. In addition, some were involved in one or more biotic and abiotic stress responses. These results provide a basis for further study of the biological function of .

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), the second most common skin cancer, requires early and accurate detection to optimize clinical management. Fluorescence imaging has emerged as a non‐invasive and cost‐effective tool with high sensitivity for tumor diagnosis; however, existing probes for cSCC are limited in achieving rapid and specific imaging. In this study, we introduce FC‐1, a dual‐tandem activatable fluorescent probe designed for precise cSCC diagnosis by simultaneously targeting fibroblast activation protein α and cathepsin C (CTSC). This dual‐locked activation strategy effectively reduces nonspecific signals in normal tissues while enhancing diagnostic specificity. In vivo studies in SCC‐7 xenografted mice demonstrated FC‐1's ability to visualize subcutaneous tumors with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, FC‐1 enabled clear differentiation between cSCC and keloids. The probe's dual‐activation mechanism and robust performance underscore its potential as a clinically translatable tool for early cSCC detection and differential diagnosis. FC‐1 is the first dual‐locked fluorescent probe developed for imaging cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), utilizing a dual‐enzyme activation mechanism to markedly improve imaging specificity. By simultaneously targeting FAPα and CTSC, FC‐1 effectively minimizes background fluorescence in normal tissues. In SCC‐7 xenograft mouse models, FC‐1 enabled highly sensitive and specific visualization of subcutaneous cSCC tumors.

The nonvolatile application of La-doped ZrO2 (ZLO) antiferroelectric capacitors is demonstrated in this study, accompanied by systematic investigation of device reliability. A built-in electric field was successfully established through engineered work function modulation. The fabricated nonvolatile (NV) ZLO capacitor exhibits not only avoidance of wake-up and fatigue phenomena typically observed in ferroelectric systems but also demonstration of ultralow coercive voltage (2Vc = 1.2 V) and exceptional endurance exceeding 1012 cycles. The inherent unique polarization reversal mechanism in NV ZLO device was identified as the origin of a unidirectional imprint effect. Accelerated testing at 85 °C for 104 s yielded conclusive evidence of retention characteristic stability. This investigation provides a novel perspective for the engineering utilization of antiferroelectric materials and facilitates their potential incorporation into advanced integrated circuit architectures.

The association between various inflammatory markers and Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and the role of lipid accumulation products in this is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between various inflammatory markers and MASLD, and to explore the potential mediating role of LAP in inflammatory markers (WBC). The binary logistic regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between various inflammatory markers and MASLD. We used the Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) to describe the measurement-response relationship between these factors and MASLD. In addition, we assessed whether lipid accumulation products have a mediating role in the association by intermediary analysis, which was verified by the Bootstrapping method. From 2021 to 2023, a total of 13,628 participants' testing data were collected and used from the Health Management Center of Southwest Hospital (SWH), including 10,988 non-MASLD and 2,640 MASLD. The results of independent sample -test showed that inflammation-related markers such as PLT, WBC, SII, NLR, and PLR were significantly different between the control group (Non-MASLD) and the experimental group (MASLD), and WBC was particularly prominent. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that there was a close positive correlation between WBC and MASLD after adjusting for various confounding factors such as age, sex, BMI, and smoking status (OR = 1.255, 95% confidence interval: 1.135-1.388), < 0.001. The RCS results once again demonstrated a linear dose-response relationship between WBC and MASLD risk. Finally, the results of mediation analysis and bootstrapping validation showed that LAP partially mediated the association between inflammatory marker (WBC) and MASLD, and its effect percentage was 13.58%. The results of this study suggest that the inflammatory marker WBC is positively correlated with the risk of MASLD, and LAP plays a partial mediating role in this association.