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قراءات في الحزام والطريق : مبادرة الصين للعالم في القرن الحادي والعشرين
في العاشر من سبتمبر عام 2013، أعلن الرئيس الصيني شي جين بينغ خلال زيارته لآسيا الوسطى ومنطقة جنوب شرق آسيا، عن المبادرة الكبرى الحزام والطريق \"الحزام الاقتصادي لطريق الحرير وطريق الحرير البحري للقرن الحادي والعشرين\"، لتحظى المبادرة باهتمام كبير على الصعيد الدولي، حيث تعد سياسة استراتيجية دولية كبرى للصين، وقد وضعت بناء على التخطيط الشامل للمشهدين الدولي والمحلي، وتتسم المبادرة باهمية كبيرة، ومغزى بعيد المدى فيما يتعلق بإنشاء آلية اقتصادية ذات طبيعة منفتحة، وتشكيل نمط جديد للانفتاح نحو الخارج بكل الاتجاهات، وفي هذا الكتاب الذي أعده مجموعة من باحثو \"مركز الابتكار التعاوني لمبادرة الحزام والطريق بجامعة تشيجيانغ\"، ليشكفوا عن كل الأسرار المتعلقة بالمبادرة الصينية الكبرى التي قدمتها للعالم في قرنه الحادي والعشرين، وذلك عملا على تعميق معرفة القاريء \"بالحزام والطريق\"، والنشر على مستوى عالمي للمحتوى الثري والمغزى العميق لهذه المبادرة، ويركز أسلوب هذا الكتاب على الشرح والتحليل والمقارنة، فيتطرق إلى الاطر الاستراتيجية للبمادرة وتنافسية الدول الكبرى ومزايا مناطق الصين وربوعها و ثمار التعاون الدولي وغيرها بالتحليل الدقيق، انطلاقا من الموضوعات التي تهم كل مهتم في العالم بمستقبل الصين، وما ستقدمه للعالم.
BOOK
Establishment of a HicA toxin-based counterselection system for markerless genetic engineering in Veillonella atypica OK5
Genetic manipulation in
Veillonella atypica
remains limited due to the scarcity of robust counterselection systems, hindering mechanistic studies of its role in oral biofilm ecology and host interactions. In this study, we adapted a highly efficient, HicA toxin–based counterselection system, originally developed for
Fusobacterium nucleatum
, for use in
V. atypica
OK5. We demonstrated that the inducible expression of a truncated
Fusobacterium periodonticum
HicA toxin, controlled by a theophylline-responsive riboswitch E, provides robust and reliable negative selection. The utility of this system was validated by generating a markerless deletion of the hemagglutinin gene
hag1
. The resulting
Δhag1
mutant exhibited a complete loss of coaggregation with the early colonizer
Streptococcus gordonii
, confirming the essential role of Hag1 in interspecies adhesion. Furthermore, we constructed a
hag1
-luciferase transcriptional fusion reporter, which revealed that
hag1
expression is growth-phase-dependent, peaking during early to mid-log phase. This work establishes the HicA system as a powerful genetic tool for
Veillonella
, enabling scarless gene deletions and promoter analysis, thereby facilitating future mechanistic studies of its role in oral biofilm development and microbial community dynamics.
Journal Article
مائة سؤال وجواب حول الحزام والطريق : مبادرة الصين للعالم في القرن الحادي والعشرين
في العاشر من سبتمبر عام 2013، أعلن الرئيس الصيني شي جين بينغ خلال زيارته لآسيا الوسطى ومنطقة جنوب شرق آسيا، عن المبادرة الكبرى الحزام والطريق \"الحزام الاقتصادي لطريق الحرير وطريق الحرير البحري للقرن الحادي والعشرين\"، لتحظى المبادرة باهتمام كبير على الصعيد الدولي، حيث تعد سياسة استراتيجية دولية كبرى للصين، وقد وضعت بناء على التخطيط الشامل للمشهدين الدولي والمحلي، وتتسم المبادرة باهمية كبيرة، ومغزى بعيد المدى فيما يتعلق بإنشاء آلية اقتصادية ذات طبيعة منفتحة، وتشكيل نمط جديد للانفتاح نحو الخارج بكل الاتجاهات، وفي هذا الكتاب الذي أعده مجموعة من باحثو \"مركز الابتكار التعاوني لمبادرة الحزام والطريق بجامعة تشيجيانغ\"، ليشكفوا عن كل الأسرار المتعلقة بالمبادرة الصينية الكبرى التي قدمتها للعالم في قرنه الحادي والعشرين، وذلك عملا على تعميق معرفة القاريء \"بالحزام والطريق\"، والنشر على مستوى عالمي للمحتوى الثري والمغزى العميق لهذه المبادرة، ويعتمد أسلوب هذا الكتاب على السؤال والجواب، انطلاقا من الموضوعات التي تهم كل مهتم في العالم بمستقبل الصين، وما ستقدمه للعالم.
BOOK
Vitamin E supplementation improves post-transportation systemic antioxidant capacity in yak
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of post-transportation vitamin E (VE) supplementation on health condition, blood biochemical parameters, blood antioxidant indices and blood metabolomics in yak. Five yaks were used in this study. After 2100 km of highway transportation from Riwoqe county to Rongchang County, Chongqing, blood was collected immediately after arrival and these samples served as the baseline (control, CON_VE). A VE injection (40 mg/kg) was then performed and blood samples were collected 10 days later. Injection of VE led to lower serum VE concentration. Relative to the CON_VE, VE injection led to greater concentrations of creatinine and lower concentrations of glutamate pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, direct bilirubin, UREA and glucose. Compared with CON_VE, VE injection led the lower serum level of malondialdehydeand greater serum level of glutathione s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase 4. Based on metabolomics analysis, 119 differentially altered serum metabolites ( P <0.05 and VIP>1.0) were identified with VE injection relative to CON_VE. VE injection resulted in changes of lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphocholine, choline, malate, citrate, α-Oxo-glutarate, phenylalanine, 3-Phenylpropanoic acid and 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid. These metabolites are associated with lipid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative stress. Overall, our study indicates that VE injection can alleviate transportation stress in yak partly through protecting liver and kidney, and improving antioxidant defense systems.
Journal Article
Solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of more than 9% in photocatalytic water splitting
Production of hydrogen fuel from sunlight and water, two of the most abundant natural resources on Earth, offers one of the most promising pathways for carbon neutrality
1
–
3
. Some solar hydrogen production approaches, for example, photoelectrochemical water splitting, often require corrosive electrolyte, limiting their performance stability and environmental sustainability
1
,
3
. Alternatively, clean hydrogen can be produced directly from sunlight and water by photocatalytic water splitting
2
,
4
,
5
. The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of photocatalytic water splitting, however, has remained very low. Here we have developed a strategy to achieve a high STH efficiency of 9.2 per cent using pure water, concentrated solar light and an indium gallium nitride photocatalyst. The success of this strategy originates from the synergistic effects of promoting forward hydrogen–oxygen evolution and inhibiting the reverse hydrogen–oxygen recombination by operating at an optimal reaction temperature (about 70 degrees Celsius), which can be directly achieved by harvesting the previously wasted infrared light in sunlight. Moreover, this temperature-dependent strategy also leads to an STH efficiency of about 7 per cent from widely available tap water and sea water and an STH efficiency of 6.2 per cent in a large-scale photocatalytic water-splitting system with a natural solar light capacity of 257 watts. Our study offers a practical approach to produce hydrogen fuel efficiently from natural solar light and water, overcoming the efficiency bottleneck of solar hydrogen production.
Photocatalytic water splitting with a high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of more than nine per cent is achieved using pure water, concentrated solar light and an indium gallium nitride photocatalyst.
Journal Article
A Study on the Sinification of Buddhism: The Acceptance of the Tattvasiddhiśāstra 成實論 and the Demise of the Chengshi School 成實學派
The *Tattvasiddhiśāstra played an essential role in the history of Buddhism during the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420–589). Hitherto, the academic world has not systematically studied this treatise’s influence on the Sinification of Buddhism, specifically manifested in the emergence and demise of the Chengshi School. The acceptance of the *Tattvasiddhiśāstra went through three stages. In the third stage, the Chengshi masters, who studied the *Tattvasiddhiśāstra, affirmed this treatise as part of Mahāyāna. They adopted Mahāyāna doctrines to overcome the *Tattvasiddhiśāstra’s main limitation, lacking in-depth doctrines and an imperfect understanding of emptiness. However, they had mistaken that it was nirvāṇa rather than emptiness that limited the *Tattvasiddhiśāstra. Although they omitted the final target of nirvāṇa, their approach to emptiness was still influenced by the progressive mode of the *Tattvasiddhiśāstra. This paper clarifies that the demise of the Chengshi School was due to the Chengshi masters’ overestimation of the *Tattvasiddhiśāstra and their misunderstanding of Harivarman’s intention. No matter how hard the Chengshi masters attempted to improve their understanding, the Chengshi School would have inevitably died out as the Sinification of Buddhism proceeded.
Journal Article
Effect of different thawing methods on the quality of mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus)
Five thawing methods such as flow water thawing, ultrasonic flowing water thawing, air thawing, microwave thawing and low temperature thawing were used, and the physical, chemical properties and structure of mackerels after thawing were assessed. The results showed that the low temperature thawing had the best water retention, lower protein and fat oxidation. The microwave thawing had the shortest thawing time, but uneven heating leads to partial maturation. Air thawing prolonged exposure to air leads to high levels of protein and fat oxidation. The flow water thawing had better water retention than that of the ultrasonic flowing water thawing, only the thawing time was slightly longer than that of the ultrasonic flowing water thawing. In general, the low temperature thawing performed well after thawing. The flow water thawing used only 1/43 of the low temperature thawing's elapsed time after sacrificing some acceptable qualities. Thus, flow water thawing is more suitable for thawing frozen mackerel.
Journal Article
Exploring the Significance of “Discerning the Zong (Bian Zong 辨宗)” in the Sectarianization of Buddhism
The prelude holds dual significance. Firstly, it denotes the initial exploration of sectarian Buddhism by the Sanlun zong and the Tiantai zong. Secondly, it signifies the act of “exploring” itself as a means of establishing a distinct sect. The concept of “Discerning the Zong” not only permeates the context of the sectarianization of Buddhism but also exerts influence on the evolution trajectory of the Sinicization of Buddhism to some extent. Sectarian Buddhism is rooted in the foundational principles and overarching framework of the Sanlun zong and the Tiantai zong, presenting a continuous portrayal of the development of Chinese Buddhist sects.
Journal Article
2D semiconductors for specific electronic applications: from device to system
The shrinking of transistors has hit a wall of material degradation and the specialized electronic applications for complex scenarios have raised challenges in heterostructures integration. Intriguingly, two-dimensional (2D) materials have excellent performance even at monolayer. The rich band structures and the lattice-mismatch-free heterostructures can further develop specific mechanisms to meet the demands of various electronic systems. Here we review the progress of 2D semiconductors to develop specific electronic applications from devices to systems. Focusing on the ultra-thin high-performance nanosheets for transistor channels, we consider channel optimization, contact characteristics, dielectric integration. Then we examined 2D semiconductors for specific electronic functions including computing, memory and sense. Finally, we discuss the specific applications of functionalized arrays aiming at problems that are difficult to solve with bulk materials, like the fusion of memory and computation and the all-in-one system.
Journal Article
Counteranion-mediated efficient iodine capture in a hexacationic imidazolium organic cage enabled by multiple non-covalent interactions
Developing efficient adsorbents to capture radioactive iodine produced from nuclear wastes is highly desired. Here we report the facial synthesis of a hexacationic imidazolium organic cage and its iodine adsorption properties. Crucial role of counteranions has been disclosed for iodine capture with this cage, where distinct iodine capture behaviors were observed when different counteranions were used. Mechanistic investigations, especially with the X-ray crystallographic analysis of the iodine-loaded sample, allowed the direct visualization of the iodine binding modes at the molecular level. A network of multiple non-covalent interactions including hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, anion···π interactions, electrostatic interaction between polyiodides and the hexacationic skeleton of the cage are found responsible for the observed high iodine capture performance. Our results may provide an alternative strategy to design efficient iodine adsorbents.
The development of efficient adsorbents to capture iodine originating from radioactive wastes is of importance. Here, the authors synthesize hexacationic imidazolium organic cages and study the crucial role of the counter anions for iodine capture and the iodine binding modes at the molecular level on the solid state.
Journal Article