Explore the vast range of titles available.

Purpose This review was made to identify the risk factors for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in middle-older aged (≥ 40 years), and to provide the newest evidence for the prevention of KOA. Method Cohort study and case–control study of the risk factors of KOA was included from Pubmed, Web of Science, Ovid Technologies, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, SinoMed from their inceptions to July 2023. Two authors independently screened the literature and extracted data. Assessment of quality was implemented according to Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results 3597 papers were identified from the seven databases and 29 papers containing 60,354 participants were included in this review. Meta-analysis was performed for 14 risk factors, and 7 of these were statistical significance ( P  < 0.05). The risk factors which were analyzed in this review included trauma history in knee (1.37 [95% CI 1.03–1.82], P  = 0.030), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m 2 (1.30 [95% CI 1.09–1.56], P  = 0.004), gender (female) (1.04 [95% CI 1.00–1.09], P  = 0.030), age ≥ 40 (1.02 [95% CI 1.01–1.03], P  = 0.007), more exercise (0.75 [95% CI 0.62–0.91], P  = 0.003), a high school education background (0.49 [95% CI 0.30–0.79], P  = 0.003) and an university education background (0.22 [95% CI 0.06–0.86], P  = 0.030). Conclusion The risk factors analyzed in this review included trauma history in knee, overweight or obesity, gender (female), age ≥ 40 and the protective factors included more exercise and a high school or an university education background.

Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by most cells and have a phospholipid bilayer structure. Exosomes contain DNA, small RNA, proteins, and other substances that can carry proteins and nucleic acids and participate in communication between cells. T cells are an indispensable part of adaptive immunity, and the functions of T cell-derived exosomes have been widely studied. In the more than three decades since the discovery of exosomes, several studies have revealed that T cell-derived exosomes play a novel role in cell-to-cell signaling, especially in the tumor immune response. In this review, we discuss the function of exosomes derived from different T cell subsets, explore applications in tumor immunotherapy, and consider the associated challenges.

Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), characterized by bleeding into the brain parenchyma, is a major cause of adult disability and mortality. The pathophysiology of ICH involves complex processes, including mass effect and subsequent inflammatory responses, which cause severe primary and secondary brain damage. As the first responders in neuroinflammatory reactions, neutrophils are rapidly recruited to the hemorrhage site. They interact with other immune cells, release cytotoxic molecules, and significantly exacerbate neuroinflammation. In the acute phase, neutrophils secrete cytokines, chemokines and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are particularly detrimental to brain tissue. However, in later stages, infiltrated neutrophils can adopt an immunosuppressive phenotype, exerting beneficial effects. Emerging evidence reveals that neutrophils play a multifaceted role in ICH progression, shifting between anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory phenotypes depending on brain tissue niche. Hence, tuning neutrophils into a beneficial phenotype represents a promising therapeutic strategy for ICH. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed and Web of Science databases for relevant studies published up to July 2025, using keywords including \"intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH),\" \"neutrophil,\" \"inflammation,\" \"neuroinflammation,\" \" neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs),\" \"treatment,\" \"therapy,\" and \"therapeutics.\" In this article, we explore the roles of neutrophils in ICH, encompassing their recruitment, activation mechanisms, interactions with other immune cells, and impact on neuroinflammation and neuronal injury. Furthermore, we discuss therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophil-mediated pathways in ICH, highlighting potential avenues for future research and clinical intervention.

Background Cement-augmentation pedicle screws have been widely used in spinal internal fixation surgery combined with osteoporosis in recent years, which can significantly improve the fixation strength, but compared with conventional methods, whether it has more advantages is still inconclusive of evidencebased medicine. To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of cement-augmented pedicle screw in the treatment of thoracolumbar degenerative diseases with osteoporosis. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies published from the establishment of the database up until June 2023. We included studies that concerning the cement-augmented pedicle screw and the traditional pedicle screw placement for thoracolumbar degenerative diseases with osteoporosis. We excluded repeated publication, researches without full text, incomplete information or inability to conduct data extraction and animal experiments, case report, reviews and systematic reviews. STATA 15.1 software was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The sample size of patients were totally 881, of which, 492 patients in cement-augmented screw group and 389 patients in conventional screw group. Meta-analysis results showed that Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score (WMD = 1.69, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.22), intervertebral space height (WMD = 1.66, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.29) and post-operation fusion rate (OR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.49 to 5.25) were higher in the cement-augmented screw group than those in the conventional screw group. Operation time was longer in the cement-augmented screw group than that in the conventional screw group (WMD = 15.47, 95% CI 1.25 to 29.70). Screw loosening rate was lower in the cement-augmented screw group than those in the conventional screw group (OR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.22). However, hospitalization time, intraoperative blood loss and Visual analog scale (VAS) score were not significantly different between the two groups ( P  > 0.05). Conclusion Compared with conventional pedicle screw placement, cement-augmented pedicle screw is more effective in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar degenerative disease by improving fusion rate and interbody height, reducing the incidence of screw loosening, and elevating long-term efficacy.

To analyze the relationship between the characteristics of burst suppression (BS) pattern and different etiologies in epilepsy. Patients with a BS pattern who were younger than 6 months old were screened from our electroencephalogram (EEG) database. The synchronized and symmetric BS patterns under different etiologies in epilepsy were analyzed. A total of 32 patients had a BS pattern on EEG. The etiologies included genetic disorders (37.5%), cortical malformations (28.1%), inborn errors of metabolism (12.5%), and unknown (21.9%). Twenty-five patients were diagnosed with Ohtahara syndrome, one as early myoclonic encephalopathy, and one as epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizure. Five cases could not be classified into any epileptic syndrome. Asynchronous BS pattern was identified in 18 cases, of which 13 (72%) patients had genetic and/or metabolic etiologies. Synchronous BS pattern was identified in 14 cases, of which 8 (57%) patients had structural etiologies. Twenty-three patients had symmetric BS patterns, of which 15 (65%) patients had genetic etiologies. Nine patients had asymmetric BS patterns, of which 8 (89%) patients had structural etiologies. Patients with genetic epilepsies tended to have asynchronous and symmetric BS patterns, whereas those with structural epilepsies were more likely to have synchronous and asymmetric BS patterns.

Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by relapsing inflammation of the colon. Tanshinone IIA, a compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties and may enhance treatment outcomes when combined with mesalazine. This study aims to determine the overall response rate of Tanshinone IIA in combination with mesalazine for the treatment of UC. Methods We reviewed articles from the establishment of the databases until April 2023 in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, CQVIP, and CBM databases. They included a randomized controlled trial in which the intervention group was given tanshinone IIA plus mesalazine (T + M), while the comparative group was given only mesalazine (M). We removed duplicates or similar papers; papers with no available full text or incomplete data; animal research; and review and systematic review articles. STATA 15.1 was used to analyze the data. Results The perceived total effectiveness rate of T + M was found to be higher than M and the difference was found to be significant ( P  = 0.000). Additionally, pooled results show that TNF-α ( P  = 0.000) and CRP ( P  = 0.000) levels in the T + M group were all significantly lower than that in the M group. Furthermore, MHC-II expression in the T + M group was minors compared to that of the M group ( P  = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the T + M and M groups ( P  = 0.700). Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrates that combining tanshinone IIA with mesalazine significantly enhances the overall treatment efficacy for ulcerative colitis compared to mesalazine alone. Tanshinone IIA also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing TNF-α, CRP levels, and MHC-II expression without notably increasing adverse events. Despite some limitations, these findings suggest that tanshinone IIA can be a promising adjunctive therapy for ulcerative colitis. Further large-scale, multi-center studies are needed to confirm these results and establish the long-term safety and effectiveness of this combination therapy.

Study Design Systematic Review. Objectives Compare the outcomes of stand-alone lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) and LLIF with supplemental posterior instrumentation in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease by a Meta-analysis. Methods In this meta-analysis, we searched Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from inception to Aug 2023. In this study, only study reporting stand-alone LLIF(stand-alone group) and LLIF with supplemental posterior instrumentation (posterior instrumentation group) in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease and we excluded duplicate publications, research without full text, incomplete information or inability to conduct data extraction, animal experiments, reviews, and systematic reviews. STATA 15.1 software was used to analyze the data. Results Among the 15 included articles, the total number of patients was 1177, with 469 patients (638 fused segments) in the standalone group and 708 patients (1046 fused segments) in the posterior instrumentation group. The posterior instrumentation group was better than stand-alone group with significant differences in fusion rate, cage subsidence rate,the restoration of disc height and segmental lordosis, the improvement of ODI, and reoperation rate. While, comparing with posterior instrumentation group,the stand-alone group had less intraoperative blood loss. Conclusions Both stand-alone and instrumented LLIF were effective in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with lumbar degenerative disease. However, the stand-alone LLIF was associated with lower fusion rate, inferior maintenance of indirect decompression, and higher reoperation rate due to high-grade cage subsidence. For patients with risk factors of high-grade cage subsidence, the LLIF with posterior instrumentation may be a better choice.

Background Since there are currently no systematic evidence-based medical data on the efficacy and safety of PECD, this meta-analysis pooled data from studies that reported the efficacy or safety of PECD for cervical disc herniation to examine the efficacy, recurrence and safety of using PECD to treat cervical disc herniation. Methods We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases for studies published from inception to July 2022. Nine nonrandomized controlled trials (non-RCTs) that reported the efficacy or safety of percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy for cervical disc herniation were included. We excluded duplicate publications, studies without full text, studies with incomplete information, studies that did not enable us to conduct data extraction, animal experiments and reviews. STATA 15.1 software was used to analyse the data. Results The proportions of excellent and good treatment results after PECD for CDH were 39% (95% CI: 31–48%) and 47% (95% CI: 34–59%), respectively. The pooled results showed that the VAS scores at 1 week post-operatively (SMD = −2.55, 95% CI: − 3.25 to − 1.85) and at the last follow-up (SMD = − 4.30, 95% CI: − 5.61 to − 3.00) after PECD for cervical disc herniation were significantly lower than the pre-operative scores. The recurrence rate of neck pain and the incidence of adverse events after PECD for cervical disc herniation were 3% (95% CI: 1–6%) and 5% (95% CI: 2–9%), respectively. Additionally, pooled results show that the operative time (SMD = − 3.22, 95% CI: − 5.21 to − 1.43) and hospital stay (SMD = − 1.75, 95% CI: − 2.67to − 0.84) were all significantly lower for PECD than for ACDF. The pooled results also showed that the proportion of excellent treatment results was significantly higher for PECD than for ACDF (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.06–4.96). Conclusion PECD has a high success rate in the treatment of CHD and can relieve neck pain, and the recurrence rate and the incidence of adverse events are low. In addition, compared with ACDF, PECD has a higher rate of excellent outcomes and a lower operative time and hospital stay. PECD may be a better option for treating CHD.

Traditional Chinese exercise (“TCE” management modalities), including but not limited to Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Yijinjing, has a good effect on improving the physical function of patients with knee osteoarthritis, but less attention has been paid to the impact on the psychological health of patients, and currently there is insufficient evidence to support it. We conducted this study to provide a systematic synthesis of best evidence regarding the physical and mental health of patients with knee osteoarthritis treated by traditional Chinese exercise. Literature on the effectiveness of traditional Chinese exercise (Tai Chi, Baduanjin, Yijinjing, Qigong, etc.) versus conventional therapy (muscle‐strength training of the lower extremity and aerobic training, wellness education, quadriceps strengthening exercises, etc.) on Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analog scale (VAS), Short Form‐36 (SF‐36), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) from Pubmed, Web of Science, Ovid Technologies, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, and SinoMed were collected from their inception to April 2022. Thirty‐three studies with 2621 cases were included in this study. The study's results indicated that compared with conventional therapy, traditional Chinese exercise had more advantages on patients' WOMAC score, significantly reducing patients' overall WOMAC score (SMD = −0.99; 95% CI: −1.38, −0.60; p < 0.00001) and relieving pain (SMD = −0.76; 95% CI: −1.11, −0.40; p < 0.0001) in patients with KOA. It also has advantages over conventional therapy in improving mental component score (MCS) (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI: −0.00, 0.65; p = 0.05) and physical component score (PCS) (SMD = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.62; p = 0.02). Compared with conventional therapy, traditional Chinese exercise can significantly reduce the effect on timed up and go test (TUG) score (SMD = −0.30; 95% CI: −0.50, −0.11; p = 0.002), beck depression inventory (DBI) score (SMD = −0.62; 95% CI: −1.03, −0.22; p = 0.002), and increase the impact on Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score (SMD = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.83; p < 0.00001). The findings of this study indicated that traditional Chinese exercise improved body function and mental health in patients with knee osteoarthritis significantly. More high‐quality clinical evidence‐based data was needed to confirm the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese exercise on the physical and mental health in KOA patients. Traditional Chinese exercise (TCE) such as Tai Chi has a good effect on improving the physical function of patients with knee osteoarthritis, but less attention has been paid to the impact on the psychological health of patients, and there is currently a lack of sufficient evidence to support it. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to update, synthesize, and present the best available evidence on the patient physical and mental health based on TCE management modalities in KOA. TCE significantly improved physical function and mental health in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Additional high‐quality evidence is required to confirm the effect of TCE therapy on physical and mental health in KOA patients.

Background Acne vulgaris presents a substantial clinical challenge due to its complex pathophysiology and significant impact on quality of life. Identification of novel therapeutic targets for acne using genetic tools can guide the development of more effective treatments. Methods Utilizing a dataset comprising 35 559 Icelandic individuals, we performed proteomic analyses to quantify 4709 circulating proteins. We integrated these data with acne‐specific genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) encompassing 34 422 acne patients and 364 991 controls. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses employed the TwoSampleMR tool and Summary‐data‐based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) to estimate the causal effects of identified proteins on acne risk. Colocalization analyses assessed the likelihood of shared genetic etiology between protein levels and acne using the “coloc” R package. Results Our proteome‐wide MR analysis initially identified 128 proteins potentially associated with acne risk. Following multiple testing corrections using the Benjamini–Hochberg method, fatty acid synthase (FASN) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4 (TIMP4) remained significantly associated with acne risk. FASN exhibited a protective effect against acne (OR = 0.768, 95% CI: 0.676–0.872, p = 4.685E‐05), while TIMP4 was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.169, 95% CI: 1.103–1.241, p = 1.956E‐07). Colocalization analysis supported a shared genetic basis for these protein‐acne associations, with posterior probabilities indicating strong evidence of shared causal variants. Conclusion Our findings highlight the utility of integrative genomic approaches in identifying potential therapeutic targets for acne. FASN and TIMP4, in particular, demonstrate strong potential as targets for therapeutic intervention, pending further validation through clinical research. These results offer a foundation for targeted acne treatment development, aligning with personalized medicine principles.