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"Zhou, Wu"
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B7-H3/CD276: An Emerging Cancer Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy aiming at suppressing tumor development by relying on modifying or strengthening the immune system prevails among cancer treatments and points out a new direction for cancer therapy. B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3, also known as CD276), a newly identified immunoregulatory protein member of the B7 family, is an attractive and promising target for cancer immunotherapy because it is overexpressed in tumor tissues while showing limited expression in normal tissues and participating in tumor microenvironment (TME) shaping and development. Thus far, numerous B7-H3-based immunotherapy strategies have demonstrated potent antitumor activity and acceptable safety profiles in preclinical models. Herein, we present the expression and biological function of B7-H3 in distinct cancer and normal cells, as well as B7-H3-mediated signal pathways in cancer cells and B7-H3-based tumor immunotherapy strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview that encompasses B7-H3’s role in TME to its potential as a target in cancer immunotherapy.
Journal Article
Atomically sharp interface enabled ultrahigh-speed non-volatile memory devices
The development of high-performance memory devices has played a key role in the innovation of modern electronics. Non-volatile memory devices have manifested high capacity and mechanical reliability as a mainstream technology; however, their performance has been hampered by low extinction ratio and slow operational speed. Despite substantial efforts to improve these characteristics, typical write times of hundreds of micro- or milliseconds remain a few orders of magnitude longer than that of their volatile counterparts. Here we demonstrate non-volatile, floating-gate memory devices based on van der Waals heterostructures with atomically sharp interfaces between different functional elements, achieving ultrahigh-speed programming/erasing operations in the range of nanoseconds with extinction ratio up to 10
10
. This enhanced performance enables new device capabilities such as multi-bit storage, thus opening up applications in the realm of modern nanoelectronics and offering future fabrication guidelines for device scale up.
Atomically sharp interfaces in van der Waals heterostructures enable the realization of ultrafast non-volatile memory devices.
Journal Article
In-situ spectroscopic observation of dynamic-coupling oxygen on atomically dispersed iridium electrocatalyst for acidic water oxidation
Uncovering the dynamics of active sites in the working conditions is crucial to realizing increased activity, enhanced stability and reduced cost of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane electrolytes. Herein, we identify at the atomic level potential-driven dynamic-coupling oxygen on atomically dispersed hetero-nitrogen-configured Ir sites (AD-HN-Ir) in the OER working conditions to successfully provide the atomically dispersed Ir electrocatalyst with ultrahigh electrochemical acidic OER activity. Using in-situ synchrotron radiation infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, we directly observe that one oxygen atom is formed at the Ir active site with an O-hetero-Ir-N
4
structure as a more electrophilic active centre in the experiment, which effectively promotes the generation of key *OOH intermediates under working potentials; this process is favourable for the dissociation of H
2
O over Ir active sites and resistance to over-oxidation and dissolution of the active sites. The optimal AD-HN-Ir electrocatalyst delivers a large mass activity of 2860 A g
metal
−1
and a large turnover frequency of 5110 h
−1
at a low overpotential of 216 mV (10 mA cm
−2
), 480–510 times larger than those of the commercial IrO
2
. More importantly, the AD-HN-Ir electrocatalyst shows no evident deactivation after continuous 100 h OER operation in an acidic medium.
Uncovering the dynamics of active sites in the working conditions is important yet challenging. Here the authors identify dynamic-coupling oxygen on atomically dispersed iridium sites during oxygen evolution reaction using in situ techniques.
Journal Article
Enhanced performance of in-plane transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers by configuring local atomic structures
The intrinsic activity of in-plane chalcogen atoms plays a significant role in the catalytic performance of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). A rational modulation of the local configurations is essential to activating the in-plane chalcogen atoms but restricted by the high energy barrier to break the in-plane TM-X (X = chalcogen) bonds. Here, we theoretically design and experimentally realize the tuning of local configurations. The electron transfer capacity of local configurations is used to screen suitable TMDs materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Among various configurations, the triangular-shape cobalt atom cluster with a central sulfur vacancy (3Co
Mo
-
V
S
) renders the distinct electrocatalytic performance of MoS
2
with much reduced overpotential and Tafel slope. The present study sheds light on deeper understanding of atomic-scale local configuration in TMDs and a methodology to boost the intrinsic activity of chalcogen atoms.
Designing and realizing local configurations can activate the in-plane chalcogen atoms of transition metal dichalcogenide to enhance the HER activity. We combine the theoretical screening (charge transfer capability) and experimental realization to achieve highly active local configurations
Journal Article
Boosting hydrogen evolution on MoS2 via co-confining selenium in surface and cobalt in inner layer
The lack of highly efficient, inexpensive catalysts severely hinders large-scale application of electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for producing hydrogen. MoS
2
as a low-cost candidate suffers from low catalytic performance. Herein, taking advantage of its tri-layer structure, we report a MoS
2
nanofoam catalyst co-confining selenium in surface and cobalt in inner layer, exhibiting an ultra-high large-current-density HER activity surpassing all previously reported heteroatom-doped MoS
2
. At a large current density of 1000 mA cm
−2
, a much lower overpotential of 382 mV than that of 671 mV over commercial Pt/C catalyst is achieved and stably maintained for 360 hours without decay. First-principles calculations demonstrate that inner layer-confined cobalt atoms stimulate neighbouring sulfur atoms while surface-confined selenium atoms stabilize the structure, which cooperatively enable the massive generation of both in-plane and edge active sites with optimized hydrogen adsorption activity. This strategy provides a viable route for developing MoS
2
-based catalysts for industrial HER applications.
The lack of efficient, inexpensive catalysts hinders large-scale application of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, the authors report a MoS
2
nanofoam catalyst with co-confined Se in the surface and Co in the inner layer, exhibiting high large-current-density HER activity and durability.
Journal Article
Electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene by ultrathin CuO nanoplate arrays
Electrochemical reduction of CO
2
to multi-carbon fuels and chemical feedstocks is an appealing approach to mitigate excessive CO
2
emissions. However, the reported catalysts always show either a low Faradaic efficiency of the C
2+
product or poor long-term stability. Herein, we report a facile and scalable anodic corrosion method to synthesize oxygen-rich ultrathin CuO nanoplate arrays, which form Cu/Cu
2
O heterogeneous interfaces through self-evolution during electrocatalysis. The catalyst exhibits a high C
2
H
4
Faradaic efficiency of 84.5%, stable electrolysis for ~55 h in a flow cell using a neutral KCl electrolyte, and a full-cell ethylene energy efficiency of 27.6% at 200 mA cm
−2
in a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer. Mechanism analyses reveal that the stable nanostructures, stable Cu/Cu
2
O interfaces, and enhanced adsorption of the *OCCOH intermediate preserve selective and prolonged C
2
H
4
production. The robust and scalable produced catalyst coupled with mild electrolytic conditions facilitates the practical application of electrochemical CO
2
reduction.
Oxide-derived copper has been extensively studied as catalysts for CO
2
electroreduction but its catalytic stability and selectivity still need to be improved. Here, the authors report ultrathin CuO nanoplate arrays for CO
2
reduction with high ethylene selectivity and enhanced long-term stability.
Journal Article
Anomalous thickness dependence of Curie temperature in air-stable two-dimensional ferromagnetic 1T-CrTe2 grown by chemical vapor deposition
The discovery of ferromagnetic two-dimensional van der Waals materials has opened up opportunities to explore intriguing physics and to develop innovative spintronic devices. However, controllable synthesis of these 2D ferromagnets and enhancing their stability under ambient conditions remain challenging. Here, we report chemical vapor deposition growth of air-stable 2D metallic 1T-CrTe
2
ultrathin crystals with controlled thickness. Their long-range ferromagnetic ordering is confirmed by a robust anomalous Hall effect, which has seldom been observed in other layered 2D materials grown by chemical vapor deposition. With reducing the thickness of 1T-CrTe
2
from tens of nanometers to several nanometers, the easy axis changes from in-plane to out-of-plane. Monotonic increase of Curie temperature with the thickness decreasing from ~130.0 to ~7.6 nm is observed. Theoretical calculations indicate that the weakening of the Coulomb screening in the two-dimensional limit plays a crucial role in the change of magnetic properties.
Here, the authors report chemical vapor deposition growth of metallic 1T-CrTe
2
ultrathin crystals with controlled thickness and long-range ferromagnetic ordering, and observe a monotonic increase of the Curie temperature with decreasing thickness.
Journal Article
Atomically thin noble metal dichalcogenide: a broadband mid-infrared semiconductor
The interest in mid-infrared technologies surrounds plenty of important optoelectronic applications ranging from optical communications, biomedical imaging to night vision cameras, and so on. Although narrow bandgap semiconductors, such as Mercury Cadmium Telluride and Indium Antimonide, and quantum superlattices based on inter-subband transitions in wide bandgap semiconductors, have been employed for mid-infrared applications, it remains a daunting challenge to search for other materials that possess suitable bandgaps in this wavelength range. Here, we demonstrate experimentally for the first time that two-dimensional (2D) atomically thin PtSe
2
has a variable bandgap in the mid-infrared via layer and defect engineering. Here, we show that bilayer PtSe
2
combined with defects modulation possesses strong light absorption in the mid-infrared region, and we realize a mid-infrared photoconductive detector operating in a broadband mid-infrared range. Our results pave the way for atomically thin 2D noble metal dichalcogenides to be employed in high-performance mid-infrared optoelectronic devices.
The mid-infrared technologies are essential to various applications but suffer from limited materials with suitable bandgap. Here the authors demonstrate that two-dimensional atomically thin PtSe
2
with variable bandgaps in the mid-infrared via layer and defect engineering is highly promising for mid-infrared optoelectronics.
Journal Article