Explore the vast range of titles available.

Nanomedicine-based anti-neuroinflammation strategy has become a promising dawn of Parkinson’s disease (PD) treatment. However, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of antioxidant nanomedicines concerning the pathways traversing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and subsequent inflammation mitigation. Here, we report nanozyme-integrated metal-organic frameworks with excellent antioxidant activity and chiral-dependent BBB transendocytosis as anti-neuroinflammatory agents for the treatment of PD. These chiral nanozymes are synthesized by embedding ultra-small platinum nanozymes (Ptzymes) into L-chiral and D-chiral imidazolate zeolite frameworks (Ptzyme@L-ZIF and Ptzyme@D-ZIF). Compared to Ptzyme@L-ZIF, Ptzyme@D-ZIF shows higher accumulation in the brains of male PD mouse models due to longer plasma residence time and more pathways to traverse BBB, including clathrin-mediated and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. These factors contribute to the superior therapeutic efficacy of Ptzyme@D-ZIF in reducing behavioral disorders and pathological changes. Bioinformatics and biochemical analyses suggest that Ptzyme@D-ZIF inhibits neuroinflammation-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in damaged neurons. The research uncovers the biodistribution, metabolic variances, and therapeutic outcomes of nanozymes-integrated chiral ZIF platforms, providing possibilities for devising anti-PD drugs. The treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is hampered by the lack of effective blood–brain barrier (BBB) traversing drugs. Here, the authors report nanozyme-integrated metal-organic frameworks with antioxidant activity and chiral-dependent BBB transendocytosis as anti-neuroinflammatory agents for PD treatment.

With the growing global demand for clean energy, fuel cells have been adopted as key components in renewable energy systems. Their high efficiency and environmentally friendly operation make them attractive. However, during maximum power point tracking (MPPT), traditional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers often fail to maintain optimal power output. Dynamic load changes and complex operating conditions exacerbate this issue. As a result, system response is slowed, and tracking accuracy is reduced. To address these problems, an online identification method based on recursive least squares (RLS) is employed. A cubic power–current model is identified in real time. Polynomial fitting and the golden section search are then applied to estimate the current at the maximum power point. Following model-based estimation, adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) is utilized to tune the PID controller parameters. Precise regulation is thus achieved. The use of RLS enables real-time model identification. The golden section search improves the efficiency of current estimation. APSO enhances global optimization, while PID provides fast dynamic response. By integrating these methods, both tracking accuracy and system responsiveness are significantly improved in fuel cell MPPT applications. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy enhances maximum power output by up to 12.40% compared to conventional P&O, fuzzy logic control, GWO-PID, and PSO-PID methods, as well as maintaining a consistent improvement of 1.50% to 1.90% even when compared to other optimization algorithms.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome with high morbidity and mortality mediated by infection‐caused oxidative stress. Early antioxidant intervention by removing excessively produced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of sepsis. However, traditional antioxidants have failed to improve patient outcomes due to insufficient activity and sustainability. Herein, by mimicking the electronic and structural characteristics of natural Cu‐only superoxide dismutase (SOD5), a single‐atom nanozyme (SAzyme) featuring coordinately unsaturated and atomically dispersed Cu‐N4 site was synthesized for effective sepsis treatment. The de novo‐designed Cu‐SAzyme exhibits a superior SOD‐like activity to efficiently eliminate O2•−, which is the source of multiple RONS, thus blocking the free radical chain reaction and subsequent inflammatory response in the early stage of sepsis. Moreover, the Cu‐SAzyme effectively harnessed systemic inflammation and multi‐organ injuries in sepsis animal models. These findings indicate that the developed Cu‐SAzyme possesses great potential as therapeutic nanomedicines for the treatment of sepsis. A SOD‐inspired copper single‐atom nanozyme (Cu‐SAzyme) was designed and synthesized by a two‐step scaffold‐adsorption method. The Cu‐SAzyme exhibits high catalytic activity to scavenge superoxide anion, the initiator of ROS, and thus effectively prevents the disease progression in septic animals.

PurposeThe bifid mandibular canal is an anatomical variation, which causes anesthetic failure and surgical accidents occasionally. The purpose of this study is to observe the prevalence and anatomical location of bifid mandibular canals, providing clinical value in reducing the occurrence of surgical accidents and postoperative complications.MethodsA total of 321 outpatients were selected in this study. Their CBCT images were observed, and the prevalence of bifid mandibular canals as well as the composition ratios of each branch type was evaluated according to the classification of Naitoh. The bifid mandibular canals and their branches’ diameter, length, horizontal distance to the buccal/lingual wall of the mandible, and vertical distance to the mandibular alveolar ridge were measured. Furthermore, 194 dry adult mandibles from the Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology of Tianjin Medical University were observed to evaluate the prevalence and the average diameter of retromolar foramina.ResultsOf all the 321 patients, 84 (26.17%) cases of bifid mandibular canals and 105 (16.36%) sides of unilateral bifurcation were observed. Based on Naitoh’s classification, the retromolar canals were the most common types (46.67%), followed by the forward canals (40.00%), the dental canals (10.48%) and the buccolingual canals (2.86%). In 194 dry adult mandibles, 23 cases (11.86%) and 29 sides (7.47%) of retromolar foramina were found and the average diameter of retromolar foramina was 0.94 ± 0.30 mm.ConclusionMore than a quarter of the population has the bifid mandibular canal, which is a potential factor of the onset of surgery accidents. CBCT is an effective method to identify the branches of mandibular canals. Preoperative CBCT examination can help reduce various postoperative complications.

With the in-depth advancement of the “dual carbon” strategy, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), as efficient and clean energy conversion devices, show great potential in the fields of transportation power and stationary power generation. For multi-stack fuel cell systems, a hierarchical optimization strategy based on Pareto decoupling and real-time correction is presented to achieve system efficiency improvement and balanced management of stack aging. Firstly, the Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Square (FFRLS) method is adopted to online identify the parameters of the system’s net output power-efficiency curve. Furthermore, in the steady-state layer, the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) is used to construct an efficiency-optimal candidate solution set. The Dijkstra algorithm is combined to search for the optimal power gradient path, generating a reference power table. In the dynamic layer, with the reference power table as the basis, the AOA algorithm is used to take efficiency optimization as the goal. Load fluctuations are suppressed in real time through strong constraints, realizing the balance between dynamic efficiency and operational stability. This method ensures the stable operation of the system and significantly improves the overall economy and adaptability of power allocation. Simulation results show that this strategy can effectively improve the overall operating efficiency of the system, slow down the stack aging rate, and ensure the stable operation of the system.

Background With the increasing spread of COVID-19, healthcare workers, especially front-line medical staff, have become more vulnerable to emotional exhaustion. Objectives This study aimed to determine the influence of time pressure on the emotional exhaustion of front-line healthcare workers, and explore the effects of social sharing and cognitive reappraisal on this. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2020. A total of 232 questionnaires were completed by front-line healthcare workers in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. Hierarchical linear regression and conditional process analysis were performed to explore the relationships among time pressure, social sharing, cognitive reappraisal, and emotional exhaustion. Results Time pressure was positively associated with social sharing and emotional exhaustion. Social sharing presented the dark side, a negative effect that was always kept concealed, in terms of the impact on emotional exhaustion. Cognitive reappraisal negatively moderated the relationship between time pressure and social sharing, and it further indirectly influenced the relationship between time pressure and emotional exhaustion through social sharing. Conclusions Our findings shed light on how time pressure influences the emotional exhaustion of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 period. Although social sharing is commonly regarded as a positive behavior, we identified a dark side in terms of its impact. We also identified that improving cognitive reappraisal may present a positive strategy toward alleviating emotional exhaustion.

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder that is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality with a prevalence of 6–8% of pregnancies. Although impaired trophoblast invasion in early pregnancy is known to be closely associated with preeclampsia, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we revealed that lysyl oxidase ( LOX ) and LOX-like protein 2 ( LOXL2 ) play a critical role in preeclampsia. Our results demonstrated that LOX and LOXL2 expression decreased in preeclamptic placentas. Moreover, knockdown of LOX or LOXL2 suppressed trophoblast cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, collagen production was induced in LOX - or LOXL2 -downregulated trophoblast cells through activation of the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Notably, inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway could rescue the defects caused by LOX or LOXL2 knockdown, thereby underlining the significance of the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway downstream of LOX and LOXL2 in trophoblast cells. Additionally, induced collagen production and activated TGF-β1/Smad3 were observed in clinical samples from preeclamptic placentas. Collectively, our study suggests that the downregulation of LOX and LOXL2 leading to reduced trophoblast cell migration and invasion through activation of the TGF-β1/Smad3/collagen pathway is relevant to preeclampsia. Thus, we proposed that LOX , LOXL2 , and the TGF-β1/Smad3/collagen pathway can serve as potential markers and targets for clinical diagnosis and therapy for preeclampsia. Preeclampsia: when cells aren’t invasive enough Cancer-associated proteins play a role in preeclampsia, a potentially life-threatening disorder of pregnancy marked by high blood pressure and protein in the urine. The causes of preeclampsia are poorly understood, but the tissue that nourishes the fetus, the placenta, is known to be involved. Knowing that for healthy placenta formation, cells called trophoblasts must show cancer cell-like behavior and invade the developing tissue, Li-Ping Jin and Kai Wang at Tongji University School of Medicine in Shanghai, China, and co-workers investigated the role of cancer-associated LOX proteins, previously linked to cell invasiveness. Preeclamptic placentas showed low LOX levels, poor trophoblast invasion, and excessive formation of collagen, an important connective tissue. Further analysis showed that this excessive collagen is broken down, becoming the diagnostic urinary protein. These results illuminate potential markers for early diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia.

Reduction of power consumption is the key target for modern electronic devices. To this end, a lot of attention is paid to zero-static power switches, being able to change their state between highly resistive and highly conductive and remain in this state even in the absence of external voltage. Still, the implementation of such switches is slow because of compatibility issues of new materials with CMOS technology. At the same time, printable technology enables low-cost processes at ambient temperature and integration of devices onto flexible substrates. Here we demonstrate that printed Ag/MoS 2 /Ag heterostructures can be used as zero-static power switches in radiofrequency/microwave spectrum and fully-integrated reconfigurable metasurfaces. Combined with graphene, our printed platform enables reconfigurable metasurface for electromagnetic wave manipulation and control for wireless communications, sensing, and holography. In addition, it is also demonstrated that the localised MoS 2 phase change may have promoted Ag diffusion in forming conductive filaments. Here, the authors fabricate printed Ag/MoS 2 /Ag heterostructures that can be used as zero-static power switches. When combined with a printed graphene metasurface, the platform enables reconfigurable electromagnetic wave manipulation and control.

Nanozyme‐based immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers that effectively induce a strong immune response via enzyme‐like process have attracted great attention, but how to ensure controllable active sites and maximize site utilization remains a problem. Here, we report a structurally well‐defined and highly functional single‐site copper(I) nanomodulators termed CuNTD, constructed by precisely anchoring atomically dispersed self‐assembly S‐Cu(I)‐S sites onto a two‐dimensional Ti3C2 surface. Leveraging Cu+ with a higher catalytic efficiency than Cu2+, CuNTD generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) storms through photothermal‐enhanced cascade catalysis, further inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis and cuproptosis. Multifunctional CuNTD triggers strong ICD through cascade‐regulatory pathways of photothermal‐amplified ROS storms, cuproptosis and ferroptosis, effectively promoting dendritic cell maturation while reducing monotherapies side effects and resistance. In vivo, CuNTD combined with FDA‐approved immunoadjuvants significantly prolong the survival of mice. With its demonstrated biosafety and high efficiency as an ICD inducer, this study provides a promising framework for advancing augmented tumor immunotherapy with significant clinical potential. Self‐assembled S‐Cu(I)‐S sites were spatially isolated onto a two‐dimensional Ti3C2 surface to produce a structurally well‐defined and highly functional single‐site copper(I) nanomodulator CuNTD, which can induce severe immunogenic cell death through multiple regulatory pathways of synergistic cascade photothermal‐amplified ROS storms, cuproptosis and ferroptosis for cancer immunotherapy.

Bacterium-like particles (BLPs) are hollow peptidoglycan particles obtained from food-grade Lactococcus lactis inactivated by hot acid. With the advantage of easy preparation, high safety, great stability, high loading capacity, and high mucosal delivery efficiency, BLPs can load and display proteins on the surface with the help of protein anchor (PA), making BLPs a proper delivery system. Owning to these features, BLPs are widely used in the development of adjuvants, vaccine carriers, virus/antigens purification, and enzyme immobilization. This review has attempted to gather a full understanding of the technical composition, characteristics, applications. The mechanism by which BLPs induces superior adaptive immune responses is also discussed. Besides, this review tracked the latest developments in the field of BLPs, including Lactobacillus -derived BLPs and novel anchors. Finally, the main limitations and proposed breakthrough points to further enhance the immunogenicity of BLPs vaccines were discussed, providing directions for future research. We hope that further developments in the field of antigen delivery of subunit vaccines or others will benefit from BLPs.