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The aim of this study was mainly to investigate the association between Serum uric acid (SUA) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (UHR) and all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients,and to further investigate the mediating role of neutrophils. Our cohort study included 4533 hypertensive patients drawn from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database and combined with the National Death Index (NDI) database to obtain mortality data for subjects. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, multifactorial Cox risk-proportional modeling, restricted cubic spline (RCS)-based smoothed curve fitting, threshold effects analysis, and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between UHR and all-cause mortality, and, finally,causal mediating effects were performed to analyze the mediating role of neutrophils. Over a mean duration of 90.32 months, the follow-up all-cause mortality occurred in 1003 individuals, and the mean age of all subjects included was (61.69 ± 14.28) years, and the Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that high levels of UHR were notably connected to lower survival. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, high quartile UHR was positively connected to all-cause mortality (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.03,1.80, P = 0.031), and smoothed curve fitting combined with threshold effect analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between UHR and all-cause mortality, with a curve inflection point of 0.14, i.e., when UHR < 0.14, an increase in UHR did not affect the increase in all-cause mortality (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.06, 11.51, P = 0.8968), and when UHR > 0.14, the all-cause mortality increased with the increase in UHR. We further stratify by gender and find that the inflection point for male UHR is 0.13, the suggesting that the association between UHR and all-cause mortality increased with increasing UHR when UHR was < 0.13, HR (95% CI): 0.01 (0.00, 0.22), P < 0.01 and when UHR > 0.13, HR (95% CI): 0.41 (0.04, 1.36), P < 0.01. However there was a significant linear correlation for females (HR: 1.31 95% CI: 0.15, 11.55, P < 0.0001). Analysis of causal mediating effects elucidated that the proportion of neutrophils mediating the association between UHR and all-cause mortality was 18.63%. There was a significant positive correlation between elevated UHR and all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients, and this association may be mediated with neutrophils.

To evaluates the efficacy and safety of Tongxinluo in treating stroke. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases were performed to search literature from 2000 to 2024. Randomized controlled trials evaluating Tongxinluo for stroke were included. The primary outcomes were efficacy and safety. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess result stability and identify sources of heterogeneity. All analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and STATA 15.1. Fifty-one RCTs including 9,577 participants for analysis. Tongxinluo significantly outperformed the control group in efficacy [RR = 1.20, 95% CI (1.16, 1.25)]. Adverse event incidence between groups showed no significant difference [RR = 1.01, 95% CI (0.90, 1.12)]. Additionally, Tongxinluo significantly improved NIHSS, total cholesterol (TC), and serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in stroke individuals. Tongxinluo, as an adjunctive treatment for stroke, offers superior clinical efficacy compared to conventional treatments without increasing adverse event risk. However, due to study limitations, further multicenter, large-sample RCTs are required to confirm. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.

Cardiac metabolic reprogramming is a central pathological mechanism underlying various cardiovascular diseases. Revolutionary advances in single-cell multi-omics technologies, such as single-cell transcriptomics, single-cell epigenomics, and spatial transcriptomics, have overcome the limitations of traditional bulk omics approaches. These advances now allow systematic dissection of metabolic heterogeneity, dynamic changes, and intercellular communication in cardiac cells at single-cell resolution under both physiological and pathological conditions. This review summarizes recent progress in the field, revealing how metabolic reprogramming drives the progression of conditions such as heart failure and myocardial infarction. It also discusses emerging metabolically targeted intervention strategies, including modulation of lactate shuttle, lipotoxicity, and immunometabolism. Finally, we critically assess the challenges in translating these findings into clinical practice and outline future directions, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to advance precision medicine in cardiology.

L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid are chiral forms of lactic acid that significantly influence the flavor and health-related properties of Baijiu. Their production during brewing is primarily driven by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), with L-lactic acid being favored at higher fermentation temperatures and by specific high-producing strains, while D-lactic acid predominates at lower temperatures and with limited microbial utilization. Various factors, including fermentation mash composition, microbial communities, and brewing conditions, affect the balance between these isomers. This review synthesizes recent research on regulating L- and D-lactic acid production in Baijiu brewing, highlighting advancements in raw material selection, fermentation starter composition, temperature control, LAB strain selection, and distillation techniques. It critically evaluates strategies aimed at increasing L-lactic acid content while minimizing D-lactic acid levels to optimize flavor and promote health benefits. This review aims to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for controlling these chiral isomers in Baijiu production. By consolidating the latest findings, it serves as a resource for industrial applications, offering strategies to enhance lactic acid ratios, improve Baijiu flavor, and support sustainable development in the industry.

This manuscript examines the critical role of lactic acid in baijiu brewing, focusing on the microorganisms involved in its production, the importance of lactic acid in the brewing process, and the methods used to control its levels. The study is, to our knowledge, the first review of lactic acid in baijiu, explicitly focusing on the multiple roles of lactic acid in various stages of the baijiu brewing process, including its regulatory function during fermentation, maintaining acidity, participating in microbial metabolism, and shaping the flavor of the liquor. The review compiles and organizes data that are scattered in the literature on aspects including lactic-acid-producing microbial communities, their distribution in different aroma types of baijiu, and relevant control strategies supported by recent research. By providing a comprehensive overview of these aspects, this manuscript aims to improve the understanding of lactic acid dynamics in baijiu brewing and offers insights into improving production efficiency and product quality. It also identifies current knowledge gaps and suggests future directions, including the use of molecular tools to investigate lactic acid metabolic pathways in complex fermentation systems.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by high morbidity. In this study, we aimed to elucidate potential targets of Shengxian Decoction (SXD) against MI. Pairing of SXD active ingredients and MI targets was conducted using the Chinese Medicine System Pharmacological Database, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and STRING databases. The effects of SXD on MI were validated . Molecular docking was verified using cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). A total of 40 active ingredients and 28 MI-related targets were obtained. Cross-analysis on 28 targets and cell death-related genes identified two crucial ferroptosis-related targets, namely, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1). In cobalt chloride (CoCl )-induced hypoxic H9c2 cells, SXD could remarkably improve cell viability and inhibit cell death. Meanwhile, SXD treatment significantly affected the ferroptosis-related markers in hypoxic H9c2 cells. Molecular docking and CETSA results showed that quercetin had good binding activity with DPP4 and HMOX1. Important active ingredient quercetin in SXD could exert anti-ferroptosis protective roles on MI through targeting ferroptosis-related genes (DPP4/HMOX1), thereby contributing to the protective role of SXD on MI.

Lactic acid is closely linked to the safety and quality of baijiu, the traditional Chinese fermented alcoholic beverage. Produced by lactic acid bacteria during fermentation, it creates an acidic environment that inhibits the growth of spoilage organisms and harmful microbes, thereby enhancing the safety and stability of the final product. Additionally, lactic acid is a key contributor to baijiu’s flavor profile, providing a smooth and rounded taste. Its levels can significantly impact consumer experience. An excess of lactic acid can result in a sour, undesirable flavor, while insufficient levels may lead to a flat and less appealing taste. Maintaining balanced lactic acid levels is crucial for ensuring that baijiu is both safe and enjoyable to drink, ultimately contributing to the product’s success and marketability. This paper reviews the mechanisms of lactic acid production in baijiu, examines its effects on flavor and the potential causes of imbalances, explores regulatory measures for controlling lactic acid during brewing, and discusses the impact of these measures on baijiu’s quality, taste, and yield, along with practical applications by various distilleries. The goal of this paper is to provide a reference for regulating lactic acid in the baijiu production processes.

Background The Platelet to High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol Ratio (PHR) is a novel indicator of inflammatory response and metabolic disorders, linked to various chronic diseases. This study aims to investigate the relationship between PHR and hypertension. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), collected across seven consecutive cycles from 2005 to 2018, were analyzed. The dataset included participants’ hypertension status as reported by a doctor, their use of antihypertensive medications, and the average of three blood pressure measurements to identify hypertensive adults, along with complete information for PHR calculation. PHR was calculated based on Platelet (PLT) count and High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) using the following formula: PHR = [PLT (1000 cells/µL) / HDL-C (mmol/L)]. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to assess the association between PHR and hypertension, and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential influencing factors. Additionally, Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) curves were applied for threshold effect analysis to describe nonlinear relationships. Results Higher PHR was associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension. After adjusting for various covariates, including race, education level, Family Poverty Income Ratio (PIR), smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep disturbances, waist circumference, diabetes, coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack, and stroke, the results remained significant (OR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.32, 1.41, P  < 0.001). Participants with the highest PHR levels had a 104% higher risk of hypertension compared to those with the lowest PHR levels (OR = 2.04; 95% CI, 1.89, 2.21, P  < 0.001). Conclusion Elevated PHR levels are strongly associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Specifically, when PHR is below 280, the risk of hypertension increases in proportion to PHR. This suggests that regular monitoring of PHR may help identify patients at risk of hypertension early, allowing for timely interventions to slow disease progression. Larger cohort studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of the Chinese herbal formula modified Danggui Sini Decoction as an adjunctive treatment for angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart disease. We conducted a comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of modified Danggui Sini Decoction in combination with conventional Western medication on angina pectoris in coronary artery disease, published up to July 2023 across eight databases, including China Knowledge International Literature screening and data extraction were performed by two researchers following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook version 5.1, and meta-analysis was executed via RevMan 5.4 software. Thirteen studies encompassing 1,232 participants were incorporated. The meta-analysis revealed that combining modified Danggui Sini Decoction with conventional Western medication significantly enhanced overall clinical efficacy, reduced the duration of angina attacks, decreased the Chinese medicine syndrome score, improved inflammatory markers and cardiac function, lowered serum NT-proBNP levels, and elevated the Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores compared to the control group. Modified Danggui Sini Decoction, when used alongside conventional Western medications, shows promise in treating coronary artery disease patients with angina pectoris and may serve as a beneficial adjunctive therapy in clinical settings. Nonetheless, due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, further high-caliber research is essential to substantiate these findings. https://inplasy.com/? s=202390078, identifier INPLASY 202390078.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), encompassing ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure, among others, are the most prevalent complications of diabetes and the leading cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. Cell death modalities, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, have been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of CVDs. As research progresses, accumulating evidence also suggests the involvement of ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death, in the pathogenesis of CVDs. Ferroptosis, characterised by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which culminates in membrane rupture, may present new therapeutic targets for diabetes-related cardiovascular complications. Current treatments for CVDs, such as antihypertensive, anticoagulant, lipid-lowering, and plaque-stabilising drugs, may cause severe side effects with long-term use. Traditional Chinese medicine, with its broad range of activities and minimal side effects, is widely used in China. Numerous studies have shown that active components of Chinese medicine, such as alkaloids, polyphenols, and saponins, can prevent CVDs by regulating ferroptosis. This review summarises the recent findings on the regulatory mechanisms of active components of Chinese medicine against ferroptosis in CVDs, aiming to provide new directions and a scientific basis for targeting ferroptosis for the prevention and treatment of diabetic CVDs.