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كل متكامل بين العالمين العقلي والمادي : الفنون والحرف الصينية التقليدية
تتناول هذه السلسلة مواضيع متنوعة، كالشخصيات الصينية، والمسرح والموسيقى والرسم، وفي هذه السلسة سيبحر القارئ مستطلعا صورا مدهشة تتراكب بشكل متقن في كتب تصل به إلى قلب الحضارة الصينية وهو في مكانه، حتى بالنسبة لأولئك الذين لم يعتادوا القراءة في هذه المواضيع، مما يجعل منها كتبا مناسبة لكل من الكبار في السن والشباب على حد سواء.
BOOK
Pathological Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapy and Photothermal Therapy Based on Nanoparticles
The ultimate goal of phototherapy based on nanoparticles, such as photothermal therapy (PTT) which generates heat and photodynamic therapy (PDT) which not only generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also induces a variety of anti-tumor immunity, is to kill tumors. In addition, due to strong efficacy in clinical treatment with minimal invasion and negligible side effects, it has received extensive attention and research in recent years. In this paper, the generations of nanomaterials in PTT and PDT are described separately. In clinical application, according to the different combination pathway of nanoparticles, it can be used to treat different diseases such as tumors, melanoma, rheumatoid and so on. In this paper, the mechanism of pathological treatment is described in detail in terms of inducing apoptosis of cancer cells by ROS produced by PDT, immunogenic cell death to provoke the maturation of dendritic cells, which in turn activate production of CD4+ T cells, CD8+T cells and memory T cells, as well as inhibiting heat shock protein (HSPs), STAT3 signal pathway and so on.
Journal Article
Defects controlled hole doping and multivalley transport in SnSe single crystals
SnSe is a promising thermoelectric material with record-breaking figure of merit. However, to date a comprehensive understanding of the electronic structure and most critically, the self-hole-doping mechanism in SnSe is still absent. Here we report the highly anisotropic electronic structure of SnSe investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, in which a unique pudding-mould-shaped valence band with quasi-linear energy dispersion is revealed. We prove that p-type doping in SnSe is extrinsically controlled by local phase segregation of SnSe
2
microdomains via interfacial charge transferring. The multivalley nature of the pudding-mould band is manifested in quantum transport by crystallographic axis-dependent weak localisation and exotic non-saturating negative magnetoresistance. Strikingly, quantum oscillations also reveal 3D Fermi surface with unusual interlayer coupling strength in p-SnSe, in which individual monolayers are interwoven by peculiar point dislocation defects. Our results suggest that defect engineering may provide versatile routes in improving the thermoelectric performance of the SnSe family.
Knowledge of the electronic structure of group-IV monochalcogenides is essential for their application in high-performance thermoelectric energy harvesting. Here, using photoemission spectroscopy, the authors reveal the impact of doping, and the anisotropic nature of the band structure of SnSe.
Journal Article
Intelligent vehicle lateral control strategy research based on feedforward + predictive LQR algorithm with GA optimisation and PID compensation
Targeting the lateral motion control problem in the intelligent vehicle autopilot structural system, this paper proposes a feedforward + predictive LQR algorithm for lateral motion control based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) parameter optimisation and PID steering angle compensation. Firstly, based on the vehicle dynamics tracking error model, the intelligent vehicle LQR lateral motion controller as well as the feedforward controller are designed, and upon which the predictive controller is added to eliminate the system lag.Subsequently, exploiting the advantage that the PID algorithm is not model-based, a PID steering angle compensation controller that can directly control and correct the lateral error is designed. Second, a LQR controller based on path tracking deviation is designed by using the parameter rectification method of genetic algorithm (GA), which optimizes the control parameters of the lateral motion controller and improves the adaptivity of the control accuracy. Finally, Based on the Carsim-Simulink co-simulation platform, the simulation validation and analysis of double lane change (DLC) test and circular condition test (CCT) are carried out, and the results indicate that compared with the other two LQR controllers, the optimised controllers improved more than 50% in lateral error and heading error control, and the vehicle sideslip angle and vehicle yaw rate are in the range of −0.05° to 0.05° and − 0.15 rad/s to 0.10 rad/s, and it showed improved performance in tracking accuracy and satisfied vehicle stability constrains.
Journal Article
Distinctive plastome evolution in carnivorous angiosperms
Background
Independent origins of carnivory in multiple angiosperm families are fabulous examples of convergent evolution using a diverse array of life forms and habitats. Previous studies have indicated that carnivorous plants have distinct evolutionary trajectories of plastid genome (plastome) compared to their non-carnivorous relatives, yet the extent and general characteristics remain elusive.
Results
We compared plastomes from 9 out of 13 carnivorous families and their non-carnivorous relatives to assess carnivory-associated evolutionary patterns. We identified inversions in all sampled Droseraceae species and four species of
Utricularia
,
Pinguicula
,
Darlingtonia
and
Triphyophyllum
. A few carnivores showed distinct shifts in inverted repeat boundaries and the overall repeat contents. Many
ndh
genes, along with some other genes, were independently lost in several carnivorous lineages. We detected significant substitution rate variations in most sampled carnivorous lineages. A significant overall substitution rate acceleration characterizes the two largest carnivorous lineages of Droseraceae and Lentibulariaceae. We also observe moderate substitution rates acceleration in many genes of
Cephalotus follicularis
,
Roridula gorgonias
, and
Drosophyllum lusitanicum
. However, only a few genes exhibit significant relaxed selection.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that the carnivory of plants have different effects on plastome evolution across carnivorous lineages. The complex mechanism under carnivorous habitats may have resulted in distinctive plastome evolution with conserved plastome in the
Brocchinia hechtioides
to strongly reconfigured plastomes structures in Droseraceae. Organic carbon obtained from prey and the efficiency of utilizing prey-derived nutrients might constitute possible explanation.
Journal Article
Superconductivity in Quasi-One-Dimensional K2Cr3As3 with Significant Electron Correlations
We report the discovery of bulk superconductivity (SC) at 6.1 K in a quasi-one-dimensional chromium pnictide K2Cr3As3 that contains [(Cr3As3)2−]∞ double-walled subnanotubes with face-sharing Cr6/2 (As6/2 ) octahedron linear chains in the inner (outer) wall. The material has a large electronic specific-heat coefficient of 70–75mJK−2mol−1 , indicating significantly strong electron correlations. A linear temperature dependence of resistivity in a broad temperature range from 7 to 300 K is observed, which suggests non-Fermi liquid behavior of the material. Unconventional SC is preliminarily manifested by the estimated upper critical field exceeding the Pauli limit by a factor of 3–4. The title compound represents a rare example that possibly unconventional SC emerges in a quasi-1D system with strong electron correlations.
Journal Article
Bony-fish-like scales in a Silurian maxillate placoderm
Major groups of jawed vertebrates exhibit contrasting conditions of dermal plates and scales. But the transition between these conditions remains unclear due to rare information on taxa occupying key phylogenetic positions. The 425-million-year-old fish
Entelognathus
combines an unusual mosaic of characters typically associated with jawed stem gnathostomes or crown gnathostomes. However, only the anterior part of the exoskeleton was previously known for this very crownward member of the gnathostome stem. Here, we report a near-complete post-thoracic exoskeleton of
Entelognathus
. Strikingly, its scales are large and some are rhomboid, bearing distinctive peg-and-socket articulations; this combination was previously only known in osteichthyans and considered a synapomorphy of that group. The presence in
Entelognathus
of an anal fin spine, previously only found in some stem chondrichthyans, further illustrates that many characters previously thought to be restricted to specific lineages within the gnathostome crown likely arose before the common ancestor of living jawed vertebrates.
The origin and early evolution of large scales in bony fishes and small scales in cartilaginous fishes are unclear. Here, the authors report a 425-million-year-old fish,
Entelognathus
, with a mosaic of scale and fin spine characters.
Journal Article
Differential expressions of anthocyanin synthesis genes underlie flower color divergence in a sympatric Rhododendron sanguineum complex
Background
The
Rhododendron sanguineum
complex is endemic to alpine mountains of northwest Yunnan and southeast Tibet of China. Varieties in this complex exhibit distinct flower colors even at the bud stage. However, the underlying molecular regulations for the flower color variation have not been well characterized. Here, we investigated this via measuring flower reflectance profiles and comparative transcriptome analyses on three coexisting varieties of the
R. sanguineum
complex, with yellow flush pink, bright crimson, and deep blackish crimson flowers respectively. We compared the expression levels of differentially-expressed-genes (DEGs) of the anthocyanin / flavonoid biosynthesis pathway using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data. We performed clustering analysis based on transcriptome-derived Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) data, and finally analyzed the promoter architecture of DEGs.
Results
Reflectance spectra of the three color morphs varied distinctively in the range between 400 and 700 nm, with distinct differences in saturation, brightness, hue, and saturation/hue ratio, an indirect measurement of anthocyanin content. We identified 15,164 orthogroups that were shared among the three varieties. The SNP clustering analysis indicated that the varieties were not monophyletic. A total of 40 paralogous genes encoding 12 enzymes contributed to the flower color polymorphism. These anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes were associated with synthesis, modification and transportation properties (
RsCHS
,
RsCHI
,
RsF3H
,
RsF3
′
H
,
RsFLS
,
RsANS
,
RsAT
,
RsOMT
,
RsGST
), as well as genes involved in catabolism and degradation (
RsBGLU
,
RsPER
,
RsCAD
). Variations in sequence and
cis
-acting elements of these genes might correlate with the anthocyanin accumulation, thus may contribute to the divergence of flower color in the
R. sanguineum
complex.
Conclusions
Our results suggested that the varieties are very closely related and flower color variations in the
R. sanguineum
complex correlate tightly with the differential expression levels of genes involved in the anabolic and catabolic synthesis network of anthocyanin. Our study provides a scenario involving intricate relationships between genetic mechanisms for floral coloration accompanied by gene flow among the varieties that may represent an early case of pollinator-mediated incipient sympatric speciation.
Journal Article
Comprehensive zoning study based on the identification of spatial conflicts and ecosystem service values–a case study of urban agglomeration around Poyang Lake, China
This study, focusing on landscape patterns, established a spatial conflict metric model to recognize the temporal and spatial evolution of conflict intensity in urban agglomeration. It further evaluated the value of ecosystem services through the equivalent factor method. Utilizing spatial autocorrelation, the study area was zoned, and tailored development recommendations were proposed based on the characteristics of each zone. The results show that: (1) The spatial conflict intensity of the urban agglomeration around Poyang Lake shows an upward trend and obvious spatial differentiation. Specifically, the low-conflict zones mainly concentrated in the western and eastern mountainous areas of the study area with block distribution, while the high-conflict zones are dispersed in the urban core area. (2) Between 1990 and 2020, the ecosystem service value of the study area showed an increasing trend, with woodland contributing the most. Western, northeastern, and southeastern regions boast high service values, contrasting with the low values in the metropolitan agglomeration and its periphery. (3) A negative spatial correlation was observed between spatial conflicts and ecosystem service values, with the correlation gradually intensifying from 1990 to 2020.
Journal Article
The application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnosing Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: a report of five cases
Background
Chlamydia psittaci
pneumonia is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by
Chlamydia psittaci
. Diagnostic tools, including culture, serologic test and PCR-based methods, are available but prone to false negative results.
Case presentation
This report included five cases of
Chlamydia psittaci
pneumonia. Symptoms and signs common to all 5 cases included fever, coughing, generalized muscle ache, and most notably, inflammatory infiltration of the lungs upon chest CT and X-ray. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) revealed the presence of
Chlamydia psittaci
in biopsy lung tissue in 3 cases and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the remaining 2 cases. Three patients responded to doxycycline plus moxifloxacin; two patients responded to moxifloxacin alone.
Conclusions
mNGS could be used to diagnose
Chlamydia psittaci
pneumonia.
Journal Article