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العمارة الصينية : بناء الجمال بالطوب والحجارة : السحر الأزلي
فن العمارة الصينية قديمة العهد كالحضارة الصينية. من كل مصدر للمعلومات الأدبية والرسمية والمثالية، هناك أدلة قوية تدل على أن الصينيين كانوا يتمتعون دائما بنظام بناء السكان الأصليين الذي احتفظ بخصائصه الرئيسية من عصور ما قبل التاريخ حتى يومنا هذا. على مساحة واسعة من تركستان الصينية إلى اليابان، من منشوريا إلى النصف الشمالي من الهند الصينية الفرنسية، نفس نظام البناء هو السائد. هذا هو مجال التأثير الثقافي الصيني. أن هذا النظام من البناء يمكن أن يظل موجودا لأكثر من أربعة آلاف سنة على مثل هذا الإقليم الشاسع ولاتزال البنية الحية، محافظة على خصائصها الرئيسية على الرغم من الغزوات الأجنبية المتكررة العسكرية والعقلية والروحية، هي ظاهرة قابلة للمقارنة فقط لاستمرارية الحضارة التي تشكل جزءا لا يتجزأ منها.»ليانغ، سو-شونغ، 1984، 1984 خلال القرن العشرين حاول المهندسون المعماريون الصينيون المدربون من الغرب الجمع بين التصاميم الصينية التقليدية في الهندسة المعمارية الحديثة (عادة الحكومة) مع نجاح كبير علاوة على ذلك فإن الضغط من أجل التنمية الحضرية في جميع أنحاء الصين المعاصرة يتطلب سرعة أعلى من البناء ونسبة مساحة الطابق الأعلى، مما يعني أنه في المدن الكبرى الطلب على المباني الصينية التقليدية، والتي هي عادة أقل من 3 مستويات ورفض لصالح العمارة الحديثة. مع ذلك، فإن المهارات التقليدية للهندسة المعمارية الصينية، بما في ذلك النجارة الرئيسية والثانوية والبناء والحجارة لا تزال تطبق على بناء العمارة العامية في المنطقة الريفية الشاسعة في الصين.
BOOK
Extrapolative Bubbles and Trading Volume
We propose an extrapolative model of bubbles to explain the sharp rise in prices and volume observed in historical financial bubbles. The model generates a novel mechanism for volume: because of the interaction between extrapolative beliefs and disposition effects, investors are quick to not only buy assets with positive past returns but also sell them if good returns continue. Using account-level transaction data on the 2014–2015 Chinese stock market bubble, we test and confirm the model’s predictions about trading volume. We quantify the magnitude of the proposed mechanism and show that it can increase trading volume by another 30%.
Journal Article
Interdisciplinary advances in microcombs: bridging physics and information technology
The advancement of microcomb sources, which serve as a versatile and powerful platform for various time–frequency measurements, have spurred widespread interest across disciplines. Their uses span coherent optical and microwave communications, atomic clocks, high-precision LiDARs, spectrometers, and frequency synthesizers. Recent breakthroughs in fabricating optical micro-cavities, along with the excitation and control of microcombs, have broadened their applications, bridging the gap between physical exploration and practical engineering systems. These developments pave the way for pioneering approaches in both classical and quantum information sciences. In this review article, we conduct a thorough examination of the latest strategies related to microcombs, their enhancement and functionalization schemes, and cutting-edge applications that cover signal generation, data transmission, quantum analysis, and information gathering, processing and computation. Additionally, we provide in-depth evaluations of microcomb-based methodologies tailored for a variety of applications. To conclude, we consider the current state of research and suggest a prospective roadmap that could transition microcomb technology from laboratory settings to broader real-world applications.
Journal Article
Immunization with Toxoplasma gondii GRA17 Deletion Mutant Induces Partial Protection and Survival in Challenged Mice
Toxoplasmosis remains a world-threatening disease largely because of the lack of a fully effective vaccine. Here, we created a Δ
mutant by disrupting the virulence factor
using CRISPR-Cas9 method. Then, we tested whether Δ
tachyzoites can be used as a live-attenuated vaccine against acute, chronic, and congenital
infection in mice. Immune response evoked by Δ
immunization suggested a sequential Th1 and Th2 T cell response, indicated by high levels of Th1 and a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokines at 28 and 70 days after immunization, respectively. Δ
-mediated immunity fully protected mice against lethal infection with wild-type (wt) RH strain, heterologous challenge with PYS, and TgC7 strains of the Chinese ToxoDB#9 genotype, and
Pru strain. Although parasite cysts were detected in 8 out of 10 immunized mice, cyst burden in the brain was significantly reduced (
< 0.05) in immunized mice (53 ± 15 cysts/brain) compared to non-immunized mice (4,296 ± 687 cysts/brain). In respect to congenital infection, the litter size, survival rate, and body weight (BW) of pups born to Δ
-immunized dams were not different compared to pups born to naïve control dams (
= 0.24). However, a marked reduction in the litter size (
< 0.001), survival rate, and BW (
< 0.01) of pups born to non-immunized and infected dams was detected. Also, immunized dams infected with type II Pru strain had significantly (
< 0.001) less cyst burden in the brain compared with non-immunized and infected dams. These findings show that immunization with Δ
strain evokes cell-mediated and neutralizing antibody responses and confers some degree of protection against challenge with homologous and heterologous virulent
strains.
Journal Article
The Costs of Bankruptcy: Chapter 7 Liquidation versus Chapter 11 Reorganization
Our paper explores a comprehensive sample of small and large corporate bankruptcies in Arizona and New York from 1995 to 2001. Bankruptcy costs are very heterogeneous and sensitive to the measurement method used. We find that Chapter 7 liquidations appear to be no faster or cheaper (in terms of direct expense) than Chapter 11 reorganizations. However, Chapter 11 seems to preserve assets better, thereby allowing creditors to recover relatively more. Our paper also provides a large number of further empirical regularities.
Journal Article
Correlation analysis between smoke exposure and serum neurofilament light chain in adults: a cross-sectional study
Background
Smoke exposure is a prevalent and well-documented risk factor for various diseases across different organ systems. Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) has emerged as a promising biomarker for a multitude of nervous system disorders. However, there is a notable paucity of research exploring the associations between smoke exposure and sNfL levels.
Methods
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cross-sectional data spanning the years 2013 to 2014. Serum cotinine levels were classified into the following three groups: < 0.05, 0.05–2.99, and ≥ 3 ng/ml. Multiple linear regression models were employed to assess the relationships between serum cotinine levels and sNfL levels. Additionally, we utilized restricted cubic spline analyses to elucidate the potential nonlinear relationship between serum cotinine and sNfL levels.
Results
A total of 2053 participants were included in our present research. Among these individuals, the mean age was 47.04 ± 15.32 years, and males accounted for 48.2% of the total study population. After adjusting the full model, serum cotinine was positively correlated with sNfl in the second group (β = 0.08, 95%CI 0.01–0.15) and in the highest concentration of serum cotinine (β = 0.10, 95%CI 0.01–0.19) compared to the group with the lowest serum cotinine concentrations. Current smokers, in comparison to non-smokers, exhibited a trend toward elevated sNfL levels (β = 0.07, 95%CI 0.01–0.13). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed interactions between serum cotinine levels and different age groups (
P
for interaction = 0.001) and gender stratification (P for interaction = 0.015) on sNfL levels.
Conclusion
The study suggested that serum cotinine was significantly and positively associated with sNfl levels in adult participants. Furthermore, current smokers tend to exhibit elevated sNfL levels. This research sheds light on the potential implications of smoke exposure on neurological function impairment and underscores the importance of further exploration in this area.
Journal Article
Individual Investors and Local Bias
The paper tests whether individuals have value-relevant information about local stocks (where \"local\" is defined as being headquartered near where an investor lives). Our methodology uses two types of calendar-time portfolios—one based on holdings and one based on transactions. Portfolios of local holdings do not generate abnormal performance (alphas are zero). When studying transactions, purchases of local stocks significantly underperform sales of local stocks. The underperformance remains when focusing on stocks with potentially high levels of information asymmetries. We conclude that individuals do not help incorporate information into stock prices. Our conclusions directly contradict existing studies.
Journal Article
Measurement and spatio-temporal heterogeneity analysis of coupling coordination between development of digital economy and agricultural carbon emission performance
The new development pattern has identified two key avenues for the sustained advancement of high-quality agricultural and rural development: digitalisation and low-carbon development. The measurement of the digital economy and the agricultural carbon emission performance, and their spatial and temporal heterogeneity, is a crucial step in promoting the spatial coordination and sustainable development of digitalisation and low-carbon agriculture. This paper employs the entropy value method, SBM model, and coupling coordination degree model to investigate the coupling coordination measurement and spatial-temporal heterogeneity of the performance of the digital economy and agricultural carbon emissions. The data used are provincial panel data from 2013 to 2021. The simulation results demonstrate that, between 2013 and 2021, the digital economy of all provinces exhibited varying degrees of growth, yet the development of the digital economy between provinces exhibited a more pronounced tendency to diverge. Concurrently, the agricultural carbon emission efficiency in China exhibited a fluctuating upward trend. The development of the digital economy and the efficiency of agricultural carbon emission were found to be highly coupled. Their coupling and coordination relationship showed a downward trend followed by an upward trend. In general, it is suggested that we should increase investment in digital economy infrastructure and technology, promote digital agricultural applications, strengthen policy guidance and financial support, establish a coupling coordination mechanism and strengthen farmers’ digital literacy and environmental awareness.
Journal Article
Efficiency and the Bear: Short Sales and Markets Around the World
We analyze cross-sectional and time-series information from 46 equity markets around the world to consider whether short sales restrictions affect the efficiency of the market and the distributional characteristics of returns to individual stocks and market indices. We find some evidence that prices incorporate negative information faster in countries where short sales are allowed and practiced. A common conjecture by regulators is that short sales restrictions can reduce the relative severity of a market panic. We find strong evidence that in markets where short selling is either prohibited or not practiced, market returns display significantly less negative skewness.
Journal Article