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This paper explores the intricate interactions between heritage and religion in modern China, as well as the broader social and political implications of these interactions in relation to national heritage policies and local developmental practices. By conducting a longitudinal analysis of the social history of Baosheng Temple, this research traces its transformations over the past hundred years from a historically religious site to a local built heritage dedicated to preserving and displaying religious relics. This transformation highlights a shift in the role of religious relics from carriers of practice and thought to focal points for heritage preservation, aimed at supporting nation-building and, more recently, promoting local development through the tourism industry. These changes reflect continuous local responses to broader social transformations towards a modern nation-state as well as the influence of Western ideas and practices. The findings of this research illuminate the evolving values associated with religious heritage and the corresponding implications for Chinese modernity within a secular state context.

Background University students’ academic engagement has a significant impact on their academic performance and career development. Methods In order to explore the influential mechanisms of social support on university students’ academic engagement and the mediating role of academic motivation and life satisfaction, this study used the Adolescent Social Support Scale, University Students’ Academic Engagement Scale Questionnaire, Adolescent Student Life Satisfaction Scale and University Students’ Academic Motivation Questionnaire, to conduct a questionnaire survey and empirical analysis on 2106 Chinese university students. Results (1) social support significantly and positively predicts academic engagement; (2) social support influences academic engagement through the mediating effect of life satisfaction; (3) social support influences academic engagement through the mediating effect of academic motivation; (4) life satisfaction and academic motivation play a chain mediating role in the effect of social support on academic engagement. Conclusions This study contributes to understanding the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between social support and academic engagement, which in turn provides insights for universities and the departments concerned to make measures to improve the level of university students’ academic engagement.

Many mainstream dielectric energy storage technologies in the emergent applications, such as renewable energy, electrified transportations and advanced propulsion systems, are usually required to operate under harsh-temperature conditions. However, excellent capacitive performance and thermal stability tend to be mutually exclusive in the current polymer dielectric materials and applications. Here, we report a strategy to tailor structural units for the design of high-temperature polymer dielectrics. A library of polyimide-derived polymers from diverse combinations of structural units are predicted, and 12 representative polymers are synthesized for direct experimental investigation. This study provides important insights into decisive structural factors necessary to achieve robust and stable dielectrics with high energy storage capabilities at elevated temperature. We also find that the high-temperature insulation performance would experience diminishing marginal utility as the bandgap increases beyond a critical point, which is strongly correlated to the dihedral angle between neighboring planes of conjugation in these polymers. By experimentally testing the optimized and predicted structures, an increased energy storage at temperatures up to 250 °C is observed. We discuss the possibility for this strategy to be generally applied to other polymer dielectrics to achieve further performance enhancement. Polymer dielectrics face huge challenges in the harsh environments of emergent applications. Now, increased energy storage of polymer dielectrics at temperatures up to 250 °C by designing tailored combinations of structural units is reported.

Graphite, as the most common anode for commercial Li-ion batteries, has been reported to have a very low capacity when used as a Na-ion battery anode. It is well known that electrochemical insertion of Na + into graphite is significantly hindered by the insufficient interlayer spacing. Here we report expanded graphite as a Na-ion battery anode. Prepared through a process of oxidation and partial reduction on graphite, expanded graphite has an enlarged interlayer lattice distance of 4.3 Å yet retains an analogous long-range-ordered layered structure to graphite. In situ transmission electron microscopy has demonstrated that the Na-ion can be reversibly inserted into and extracted from expanded graphite. Galvanostatic studies show that expanded graphite can deliver a high reversible capacity of 284 mAh g −1 at a current density of 20 mA g −1 , maintain a capacity of 184 mAh g −1 at 100 mA g −1 , and retain 73.92% of its capacity after 2,000 cycles. Graphite is a common anode material for lithium-ion batteries, but small interlayer spacing makes it unsuitable for sodium-ion batteries. Here, Wen et al. synthesize a graphite material with expanded layer distances, which could be a promising anodic material for sodium-ion batteries.

Epidemic tends to break out with information spreading which occurs between pairwise individuals or in groups. In active social online platform, three or more individuals can share information or exchange opinion, which could be modeled as a clique beyond pairwise interaction. This work studies the influence of information with higher-order cliques whose closure probability is described by higher-order clustering coefficient on epidemic spreading. The coupled spreading process of disease and awareness follows an unaware-aware-unaware-susceptible-infected-susceptible model on multiplex networks. We deduce the epidemic threshold of multiplex network with higher-order cliques, and explore the effects of cliques on epidemic spreading process at slow, middle and fast pairwise information spreading rates. The results show that the epidemic threshold and higher-order clustering coefficient are positively correlated. Moreover, we find that the effect of higher-order cliques could be ignored when pairwise information spreading rate is large enough. Finally, we show that the steady infection ratio decreases with the increase of the higher-order clustering coefficient.

Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are promising electrochemical energy storage systems because of their low cost and high energy density. However, practical exploitation of KIBs is hampered by the lack of high-performance cathode materials. Here we report a potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate (K 2 Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ]) material, with a negligible content of defects and water, for efficient high-voltage K-ion storage. When tested in combination with a K metal anode, the K 2 Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ]-based electrode enables a cell specific energy of 609.7 Wh kg −1 and 80% capacity retention after 7800 cycles. Moreover, a K-ion full-cell consisting of graphite and K 2 Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] as anode and cathode active materials, respectively, demonstrates a specific energy of 331.5 Wh kg −1 , remarkable rate capability, and negligible capacity decay for 300 cycles. The remarkable electrochemical energy storage performances of the K 2 Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] material are attributed to its stable frameworks that benefit from the defect-free structure. Potassium-ion battery is a promising candidate for post-Li-ion energy storage but the lack of cathode materials hinders practical exploitation. Here the authors investigate defect-free potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate as cathode active material for high energy and long lifespan K-based cells.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is clinically adopted to destruct solid tumors, but is often incapable of completely ablating large tumors and those with multiple metastatic sites. Here we develop a CaCO 3 -assisted double emulsion method to encapsulate lipoxidase and hemin with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to enhance RFA. We show the HLCaP nanoreactors (NRs) with pH-dependent catalytic capacity can continuously produce cytotoxic lipid radicals via the lipid peroxidation chain reaction using cancer cell debris as the fuel. Upon being fixed inside the residual tumors post RFA, HLCaP NRs exhibit a suppression effect on residual tumors in mice and rabbits by triggering ferroptosis. Moreover, treatment with HLCaP NRs post RFA can prime antitumor immunity to effectively suppress the growth of both residual and metastatic tumors, also in combination with immune checkpoint blockade. This work highlights that tumor-debris-fueled nanoreactors can benefit RFA by inhibiting tumor recurrence and preventing tumor metastasis. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive tumor ablation method, however incomplete ablation and the induction of an immunosuppressive microenvironment limit its efficacy in the clinic. Here the authors design a pH-responsive lipoxidase-loaded nanoreactor, that by triggering ferroptosis and anti-tumor immunity, amplify the therapeutic benefits of RFA in preclinical models.

Dielectric polymers for electrostatic energy storage suffer from low energy density and poor efficiency at elevated temperatures, which constrains their use in the harsh-environment electronic devices, circuits, and systems. Although incorporating insulating, inorganic nanostructures into dielectric polymers promotes the temperature capability, scalable fabrication of high-quality nanocomposite films remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report an all-organic composite comprising dielectric polymers blended with high-electron-affinity molecular semiconductors that exhibits concurrent high energy density (3.0 J cm −3 ) and high discharge efficiency (90%) up to 200 °C, far outperforming the existing dielectric polymers and polymer nanocomposites. We demonstrate that molecular semiconductors immobilize free electrons via strong electrostatic attraction and impede electric charge injection and transport in dielectric polymers, which leads to the substantial performance improvements. The all-organic composites can be fabricated into large-area and high-quality films with uniform dielectric and capacitive performance, which is crucially important for their successful commercialization and practical application in high-temperature electronics and energy storage devices. Dielectric polymers are widely used in electrostatic energy storage but suffer from low energy density and efficiency at elevated temperatures. Here, the authors show that all-organic composites containing high-electron-affinity molecular semiconductors exhibit excellent capacitive performance at 200 °C.

University students’ learning engagement is related to the quality of talent cultivation in universities, which has an important impact on their academic performance and future development. In order to explore the influence of professional identity on university students’ learning engagement and the mediating role of academic self-efficacy, the University Students’ Professional Identity Questionnaire, the University Students’ Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and the University Students’ Learning Engagement Questionnaire were used to conduct questionnaire surveys and empirical analyses of 4,125 Chinese university students. Among them, professional identity was used as a predictor, academic self-efficacy as a mediating variable, and learning engagement as an outcome variable. SPSS 26 and PROCESS macro 3.5 were used to explore the mediating mechanism affecting university students’ learning engagement. The findings of the study demonstrated the following: (1) All sub-dimensions of professional identity except affective professional identity showed a significant positive relationship on learning engagement; (2) Apart from two specific paths associated with the affective professional identity, the remaining sub-dimensions of professional identity exerted a positive partial mediating influence through the sub-dimension of academic self-efficacy; (3) The sub-dimensions of academic self-efficacy played a chain mediating role in the influence of the sub-dimensions of professional identity on learning engagement. This study enriches the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between professional identity and learning engagement, thus providing valuable insights for university workers and related personnel seeking to enhance students’ learning engagement in higher education.

The deterioration of the mechanical properties of rock mass in underground engineering due to energy dissipation and microfracture accumulation under cyclic loading and unloading (CLU) has become a hot research topic in recent years. In order to elucidate the relationship between energy dissipation and the dilation processes, an incremental CLU mode is proposed and employed in triaxial tests in this paper. First, the methods and the procedures of the test were proposed to enhance the success rate, and the triaxial tests under incremental CLU were performed at confining pressures ranging from 0 MPa to 50 MPa. Second, the damage variables were defined and calculated from the perspective of energy dissipation, and the relationships between the damage variables and the energy parameters, as well as principal strains (plastic strain and plastic shear strain) were analyzed in detail. Third, a two-parameter shear dilation angle model was established under different confining pressures. The results show that the failure mode is tensile failure in conventional uniaxial compression, and is X-type shear failure in the uniaxial test with incremental CLU, and is shear dilatation failure mode in the triaxial test with incremental CLU, due to volume dilatation and damage accumulation after significant energy dissipation. The energy dissipation rates for single loading and unloading showed a “U” shaped trend as the number of the CLU increased. The reason for this observation is that the energy dissipation rate is greater due to the particle compaction in the initial compaction stage and structural damage of rock material in failure stage. The dilation angle first experiences a nonlinear rapid increase to a certain peak value and then gradually decays, as the rock shear dilation and failure occur gradually with the accumulation and development of cracks.