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"Zhu, Yunpeng"
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Lost decades in growth performance : causes and case studies
\"There have been many noticeable incidents of \"lost decades\" in economic growth, occurring in countries across the world. It has been found that in many economies, the lost decade phenomenon persists, even after the conventional set of contributing factors such as per capita income, fertility rate, life expectancy, rule of law, educational attainment, ratio of investment to national income, and openness have been taken into account.This book explains where and how these lost decades in economic growth occur in the world. The authors identify that dominant macroeconomic factors contributing to their occurrence are an abnormal supply of credits relative to national income, and poor demand management. The study pays special attention to the cases of Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, exploring their specific cases and analyzing contributing factors. While Japan suffered from excessive credit prior to the bubble bursting, and from insufficient domestic demand subsequently, Korea's growth has been stunted through structural imbalances between and within industries, as well as through changes in the orientation of public policies from growth to equality. Adversely, reduced economic growth in Taiwan has led from its populism-ridden democracy and mass media, as well as from internal disputes over national identity.Lost Decades in Growth Performance provides a revealing insight into the factors affecting economic growth across the world, and will be an invaluable resource for anyone with an interest in global and Asian economics. It also offers a fundamental source of reference for students and academics in general equilibrium models, economic development and East Asian economies\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Fault Diagnosis of the Rolling Bearing by a Multi-Task Deep Learning Method Based on a Classifier Generative Adversarial Network
Accurate fault diagnosis is essential for the safe operation of rotating machinery. Recently, traditional deep learning-based fault diagnosis have achieved promising results. However, most of these methods focus only on supervised learning and tend to use small convolution kernels non-effectively to extract features that are not controllable and have poor interpretability. To this end, this study proposes an innovative semi-supervised learning method for bearing fault diagnosis. Firstly, multi-scale dilated convolution squeeze-and-excitation residual blocks are designed to exact local and global features. Secondly, a classifier generative adversarial network is employed to achieve multi-task learning. Both unsupervised and supervised learning are performed simultaneously to improve the generalization ability. Finally, supervised learning is applied to fine-tune the final model, which can extract multi-scale features and be further improved by implicit data augmentation. Experiments on two datasets were carried out, and the results verified the superiority of the proposed method.
Journal Article
Electrospun nanofibrous mats loaded with gemcitabine and cisplatin suppress bladder tumor growth by improving the tumor immune microenvironment
The perplexing issues related to positive surgical margins and the considerable negative consequences associated with systemic chemotherapy have posed ongoing challenges for clinicians, especially when it comes to addressing bladder cancer treatment. The current investigation describes the production of nanocomposites loaded with gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (CDDP) through the utilization of electrospinning technology. In vitro and in vivo studies have provided evidence of the strong effectiveness in suppressing tumor advancement while simultaneously reducing the accumulation of chemotherapy drugs within liver and kidney tissues. Mechanically, the GEM and CDDP-loaded electrospun nanocomposites could effectively eliminate myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumor tissues, and recruit CD8
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T cells and NKp46
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NK cells to kill tumor cells, which can also effectively inhibit tumor microvascular formation. Our investigation into the impact of localized administration of chemotherapy through GEM and CDDP-loaded electrospun nanocomposites on the tumor microenvironment will offer novel insights for tackling tumors.
Graphical abstract
Drug-loaded electrospun nanofibrous mats suppress bladder tumor growth by improving the tumor immune microenvironment.
Journal Article
Physiology-guided versus angiography-guided strategies for valve surgery accompanying coronary heart disease: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Background and objectivesCardiovascular diseases, particularly those involving valvular and coronary conditions, lead to significant global mortality. Current strategies combine surgeries like valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting, which can increase perioperative risks. Research indicates that physiology-guided strategies such as fractional flow reserve and quantitative flow ratio improve outcomes by guiding more precise surgical interventions. This study aims to compare physiology-guided and angiography-guided surgical strategies, focusing on evaluating their efficacy and safety in treating patients with combined valvular and coronary pathologies.Methods and analysisWe will search PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for studies comparing outcomes of physiology-guided and angiography-guided strategies for patients with valvular diseases combined with coronary heart disease. All English articles published before 31 May 2024 will be considered. The primary outcomes will be major adverse cardiovascular events and graft occlusion rate. The secondary outcomes will be cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, repeat revascularisation, and so on. The Jadad score and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used to assess the quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs, respectively. The Q-test and I² statistic will be used to assess the heterogeneity. For the primary outcome, we will perform the subgroup analysis if sufficient studies are available. We will also conduct leave-one-out sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of each individual study on the overall results. The protocol follows the Cochrane Handbook for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThis study is a secondary analysis of previous studies and therefore does not require ethical approval. Our research will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024542876.
Journal Article
Altered functional brain network patterns in patients with migraine without aura after transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) shows excellent effects on relieving clinical symptoms in migraine patients. Nevertheless, the neurological mechanisms of taVNS for migraineurs remain unclear. In recent years, voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC) methods were extensively utilized for exploring alterations in patterns of FC in the resting-state brain. In the present study, thirty-five migraine patients without aura and thirty-eight healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for magnetic resonance imaging scans. Firstly, this study used voxel-wise DC analysis to explore brain regions where abnormalities were present in migraine patients. Secondly, for elucidating neurological mechanisms underlying taVNS in migraine, seed-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis was employed to the taVNS treatment group. Finally, correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between alterations in neurological mechanisms and clinical symptoms. Our findings indicated that migraineurs have lower DC values in the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and paracentral lobule than in healthy controls (HCs). In addition, migraineurs have higher DC values in the cerebellar lobule VIII and the fusiform gyrus than HCs. Moreover, after taVNS treatment (post-taVNS), patients displayed increased FC between the ITG with the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), orbitofrontal gyrus, angular gyrus, and posterior cingulate gyrus than before taVNS treatment (pre-taVNS). Besides, the post-taVNS patients showed decreased FC between the cerebellar lobule VIII with the supplementary motor area and postcentral gyrus compared with the pre-taVNS patients. The changed FC of ITG-IPL was significantly related to changes in headache intensity. Our study suggested that migraine patients without aura have altered brain connectivity patterns in several hub regions involving multisensory integration, pain perception, and cognitive function. More importantly, taVNS modulated the default mode network and the vestibular cortical network related to the dysfunctions in migraineurs. This paper provides a new perspective on the potential neurological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of taVNS for treating migraine.
Journal Article
Recent Progress in Modeling and Control of Bio-Inspired Fish Robots
Compared with traditional underwater vehicles, bio-inspired fish robots have the advantages of high efficiency, high maneuverability, low noise, and minor fluid disturbance. Therefore, they have gained an increasing research interest, which has led to a great deal of remarkable progress theoretically and practically in recent years. In this review, we first highlight our enhanced scientific understanding of bio-inspired propulsion and sensing underwater and then present the research progress and performance characteristics of different bio-inspired robot fish, classified by the propulsion method. Like the natural fish species they imitate, different types of bionic fish have different morphological structures and distinctive hydrodynamic properties. In addition, we select two pioneering directions about soft robotic control and multi-phase robotics. The hybrid dynamic control of soft robotic systems combines the accuracy of model-based control and the efficiency of model-free control, and is considered the proper way to optimize the classical control model with the intersection of multiple machine learning algorithms. Multi-phase robots provide a broader scope of application compared to ordinary bionic robot fish, with the ability of operating in air or on land outside the fluid. By introducing recent progress in related fields, we summarize the advantages and challenges of soft robotic control and multi-phase robotics, guiding the further development of bionic aquatic robots.
Journal Article
An Adaptive Deconvolution Method with Improve Enhanced Envelope Spectrum and Its Application for Bearing Fault Feature Extraction
To address the problem that complex bearing faults are coupled to each other, and the difficulty of diagnosis increases, an improved envelope spectrum–maximum second-order cyclostationary blind deconvolution (IES-CYCBD) method is proposed to realize the separation of vibration signal fault features. The improved envelope spectrum (IES) is obtained by integrating the part of the frequency axis containing resonance bands in the cyclic spectral coherence function. The resonant bands corresponding to different fault types are accurately located, and the IES with more prominent target characteristic frequency components are separated. Then, a simulation is carried out to prove the ability of this method, which can accurately separate and diagnose fault types under high noise and compound fault conditions. Finally, a compound bearing fault experiment with inner and outer ring faults is designed, and the inner and outer ring fault characteristics are successfully separated by the proposed IES-CYCBD method. Therefore, simulation and experiments demonstrate the strong capability of the proposed method for complex fault separation and diagnosis.
Journal Article
Investigative Study of the Effect of Damping and Stiffness Nonlinearities on an Electromagnetic Energy Harvester at Low-Frequency Excitations
Ambient vibration energy is widely being harnessed as a source of electrical energy to drive low-power devices. The vibration energy harvester (VEH) of interest employs an electromagnetic transduction mechanism, whereby ambient mechanical vibration is converted to electrical energy. The limitations affecting the performance of VEHs, with an electromagnetic transduction structure, include its operational bandwidth as well as the enclosure-size constraint. In this study, an analysis and design of a nonlinear VEH system is conducted using the Output Frequency Response Function (OFRF) representations of the actual system model. However, the OFRF representations are determined from the Generalised Associated Linear Equation (GALE) decompositions of the system of interest. The effect of both nonlinear damping and stiffness characteristics, to, respectively, extend the average power and operational bandwidth of the VEH device, is demonstrated.
Journal Article
Dynamic design of a nonlinear energy sink with NiTiNOL-steel wire ropes based on nonlinear output frequency response functions
A novel vibration isolation device called the nonlinear energy sink (NES) with NiTiNOL-steel wire ropes (NiTi-ST) is applied to a whole-spacecraft system. The NiTi-ST is used to describe the damping of the NES, which is coupled with the modified Bouc-Wen model of hysteresis. The NES with NiTi-ST vibration reduction principle uses the irreversibility of targeted energy transfer (TET) to concentrate the energy locally on the nonlinear oscillator, and then dissipates it through damping in the NES with NiTi-ST. The generalized vibration transmissibility, obtained by the root mean square treatment of the harmonic response of the nonlinear output frequency response functions (NOFRFs), is first used as the evaluation index to analyze the whole-spacecraft system in the future. An optimization analysis of the impact of system responses is performed using different parameters of NES with NiTi-ST based on the transmissibility of NOFRFs. Finally, the effects of vibration suppression by varying the parameters of NiTi-ST are analyzed from the perspective of energy absorption. The results indicate that NES with NiTi-ST can reduce excessive vibration of the whole-spacecraft system, without changing its natural frequency. Moreover, the NES with NiTi-ST can be directly used in practical engineering applications.
Journal Article
Atomic-Scale Mechanisms of Catalytic Recombination and Ablation in Knitted Graphene Under Hyperthermal Atomic Oxygen Exposure
Effective ablative thermal protection systems are essential for ensuring the structural integrity of hypersonic vehicles subjected to extreme aerothermal loads. However, the microscopic reaction mechanisms at the gas–solid interface, particularly under non-equilibrium high-enthalpy conditions, remain poorly understood. This study employs reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations with the ReaxFF-C/H/O force field to investigate the atomic-scale ablation behavior of a graphene-based knitted graphene structure impacted by atomic oxygen (AO). By systematically varying the AO incident kinetic energy (from 0.1 to 8.0 eV) and incidence angle (from 15° to 90°), we reveal the competing interplay between catalytic recombination and ablation processes. The results show that the catalytic recombination coefficient of oxygen molecules reaches a maximum at 5.0 eV, where surface-mediated O2 formation is most favorable. At higher energies, the reaction pathway shifts toward enhanced CO and CO2 production due to increased carbon atom ejection and surface degradation. Furthermore, as the AO incidence angle increases, the recombination efficiency decreases linearly, while C-C bond breakage intensifies due to stronger vertical energy components. These findings offer new insights into the anisotropic surface response of knitted graphene structures under hyperthermal oxygen exposure and provide valuable guidance for the design and optimization of next-generation thermal protection materials for hypersonic flight.
Journal Article