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Metallic nanowire networks have emerged as a promising alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO) for transparent electrodes. This review comprehensively surveys the scientific advancements in the field, highlighting the benchmarks from 2020 to 2025. We critically analyse progress across the entire value chain, beginning with the chemistry of nanowire synthesis and network fabrication, where recent advances have enabled scalable manufacturing and a deeper understanding of the chemical properties of nanowires. We then delve into the physics of these networks, examining the relationships between nanowire dimensions, junction resistance, electrical and optical performance, and finally summarizing the state-of-the-art in physical modeling and simulations towards better understanding of networks. We focus on challenges of long-term stability, explaining degradation pathways and the advancement of stabilization strategies such as core-shell structures and nanocomposite encapsulation, that promise lifetimes exceeding industry benchmarks. The review also describes the integration of these metallic nanowire networks into traditional devices such as solar cells, displays, and transparent heaters, along with new emerging applications for low-emissivity coatings, electrochromism, electromagnetic shielding, antimicrobial activity, and computing reservoirs. We conclude by outlining current challenges that involve elimination or reduction of consumption of critical materials such as indium and silver, green manufacturing and cost efficiency.

Metallic nanowire percolating networks are one of the promising alternatives to conventional transparent conducting electrodes. Among the conductive metals, copper appears as a relevant alternative to develop electrodes in a more sustainable and economical way (abundance of the supplies, geo-political risks regarding the supplies, environmental impact, and cost). However, Cu nanowires suffer from high instability in air, and one of the ways to increase stability as well as to boost properties related to transparent electrodes is to combine the Cu with another metal, resulting in bimetallic nanowires. Even though the field of fabrication of nanoalloys has been advancing at a rapid pace in the last two decades, binary nanowires are difficult to produce due to a wide range of parameters that must be aligned in regard to metals that are being combined, such as surface energy of the bulk metal, atomic radii, crystal lattice matching, redox potentials, etc. In this review, we present the current research landscape in making Cu-based bimetallic nanowires for the development of metal nanowire networks with high oxidation resistance. This analysis allows identifying the most promising bimetallic materials for obtaining highly efficient, robust, and cost-effective electrodes.

Soft acoustic metamaterials that consist of a concentrated suspension of macroporous microbeads and that show a broadband negative acoustic refractive index are now demonstrated. Many efforts have been devoted to the design and achievement of negative-refractive-index metamaterials since the 2000s 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 . One of the challenges at present is to extend that field beyond electromagnetism by realizing three-dimensional (3D) media with negative acoustic indices 9 . We report a new class of locally resonant ultrasonic metafluids consisting of a concentrated suspension of macroporous microbeads engineered using soft-matter techniques. The propagation of Gaussian pulses within these random distributions of ‘ultra-slow’ Mie resonators is investigated through in situ ultrasonic experiments. The real part of the acoustic index is shown to be negative (up to almost − 1) over broad frequency bandwidths, depending on the volume fraction of the microbeads as predicted by multiple-scattering calculations. These soft 3D acoustic metamaterials open the way for key applications such as sub-wavelength imaging and transformation acoustics, which require the production of acoustic devices with negative or zero-valued indices.

Copy number alterations of mutated in over 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), and occur in 30-40% of PDAC. Here we demonstrate that and are frequently co-gained and accompanied with worse prognosis in PDAC. In a Window-of-Opportunity clinical trial for metastatic PDAC, serial biopsies and deep multi-omics analyses were utilized to explore resistance mechanisms to MEK inhibition, as a surrogate for KRAS inhibition. Tumors from four of 14 patients showed Ki-67/CA19-9-based biomarker response (BR). Non-BR tumors were enriched for / co-gain and variant. A transcriptomic signature of BR tumors was inversely correlated with / co-gain in a large PDAC dataset and predictive for KRAS inhibitor response in multiple models. Finally, co-targeting KRAS and MYC was synergistic in / co-gain PDAC. Together, this study provides insight into KRAS inhibitor resistance and supports MYC as an important target to improve patient outcomes in this deadly disease.