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To review the current research on alcohol-related violence and sports participation. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to identify relevant studies for inclusion. A search of six databases (EBSCOhost) was conducted. A total of 6890 studies was were identified in the initial search. Of these, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies were from the US (n=10) and focused on collegiate athletes (n=7), adolescents (n=3), professional/former professional athletes (n=1). The reviewed research indicates higher rates of alcohol use and violence in athlete populations when compared against non-athlete populations. Masculinity, violent social identity and antisocial norms connected to certain sports stand out as potential factors that may impact the association between sport and violence in athlete populations.

The transition to motherhood is a significant life event impacting on all spheres of a woman's life. In an organisational context, changes to women's relationships with their employer and to their social identity occur as they adjust to their new role. A case study was undertaken to describe and compare the workplace experiences of three female employees from one health organisation who were either preparing to commence, currently on or recently returned to work from maternity leave. At all stages of the maternity journey, women expected flexibility from their employer in negotiating their return to work and managing parenting responsibilities. Women's obligations to their employer included being open about their capacity to work and parenting situations which may interfere with their work, as well as maintaining their work performance. Within a supportive work environment that included a shared identity with managers who were also mothers, women's social identity as a worker was not significantly threatened and did not change. Social identity change may be most apparent during the transition to first-time motherhood. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

In the present study, employees (N=4,979) of an Australian state railway were surveyed in order to determine self-reported employee alcohol use and the influence of work-related risk factors on this use. Male employees reported drinking more frequently than did female employees, with younger employees drinking more often than older ones. In comparison to Australian men in general (National Drug Strategy [NDS], 1996), male employees reported drinking less frequently. When compared to Australian women, female employees reported drinking more frequently. Administration and management were the most likely employees to report drinking 5-7 days-a-week. Station staff were the most likely workstream to report problem drinking. Train crews did not report high frequency drinking or problem drinking, but reported using alcohol to sleep. Examination of risk factors previously associated with work-related problem drinking showed that gender, nights away from home for work, job satisfaction, and availability of alcohol were significant predictors of high frequency drinking and problem drinking. Age was also a predictor of problem drinking. Shiftwork, overtime, time away from home, and job satisfaction were significantly related to using alcohol to get to sleep. Thesefindings are discussed in the context of prior research into railway worker drinking.