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"Zocłońska, Elżbieta"
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BRITE-Constellation high-precision time-dependent photometry of the early-O-type supergiant \\(\\zeta\\) Puppis unveils the photospheric drivers of its small- and large-scale wind structures
2017
From \\(5.5\\) months of dual-band optical photometric monitoring at the \\(1\\) mmag level, BRITE-Constellation has revealed two simultaneous types of variability in the O4I(n)fp star \\(\\zeta\\) Puppis: one single periodic non-sinusoidal component superimposed on a stochastic component. The monoperiodic component is the \\(1.78\\) d signal previously detected by Coriolis/SMEI, but this time along with a prominent first harmonic. The shape of this signal changes over time, a behaviour that is incompatible with stellar oscillations but consistent with rotational modulation arising from evolving bright surface inhomogeneities. By means of a constrained non-linear light curve inversion algorithm we mapped the locations of the bright surface spots and traced their evolution. Our simultaneous ground-based multi-site spectroscopic monitoring of the star unveiled cyclical modulation of its He II \\(\\lambda4686\\) wind emission line with the \\(1.78\\)-day rotation period, showing signatures of Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) that turn out to be driven by the bright photospheric spots observed by BRITE. Traces of wind clumps are also observed in the He II \\(\\lambda4686\\) line and are correlated with the amplitudes of the stochastic component of the light variations probed by BRITE at the photosphere, suggesting that the BRITE observations additionally unveiled the photospheric drivers of wind clumps in \\(\\zeta\\) Pup and that the clumping phenomenon starts at the very base of the wind. The origins of both the bright surface inhomogeneities and the stochastic light variations remain unknown, but a subsurface convective zone might play an important role in the generation of these two types of photospheric variability.
BRITE-Constellation: Data processing and photometry
by
Zoclonska, Elzbieta
,
Koudelka, Otto
,
Handler, Gerald
in
Charge transfer
,
Cutting
,
Data acquisition
2017
The BRITE mission is a pioneering space project aimed at the long-term photometric monitoring of the brightest stars in the sky by means of a constellation of nano-satellites. Its main advantage is high photometric accuracy and time coverage inaccessible from the ground. The main aim of this paper is the presentation of procedures used to obtain high-precision photometry from a series of images acquired by the BRITE satellites in two modes of observing, stare and chopping. We developed two pipelines corresponding to the two modes of observing. The assessment of the performance of both pipelines is presented. It is based on two comparisons, which use data from six runs of the UniBRITE satellite: (i) comparison of photometry obtained by both pipelines on the same data, which were partly affected by charge transfer inefficiency (CTI), (ii) comparison of real scatter with theoretical expectations. It is shown that for CTI-affected observations, the chopping pipeline provides much better photometry than the other pipeline. For other observations, the results are comparable only for data obtained shortly after switching to chopping mode. Starting from about 2.5 years in orbit, the chopping mode of observing provides significantly better photometry for UniBRITE data than the stare mode. This paper shows that high-precision space photometry with low-cost nano-satellites is achievable. The proposed meth- ods, used to obtain photometry from images affected by high impulsive noise, can be applied to data from other space missions or even to data acquired from ground-based observations.