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In recent years, perovskite has been widely adopted in series-connected monolithic tandem solar cells (TSCs) to overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells. Perovskite–organic TSCs, comprising a wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cell (pero-SC) as the front cell and a narrow-bandgap organic solar cell (OSC) as the rear cell, have recently drawn attention owing to the good stability and potential high power conversion efficiency (PCE) 1 – 4 . However, WBG pero-SCs usually exhibit higher voltage losses than regular pero-SCs, which limits the performance of TSCs 5 , 6 . One of the main obstacles comes from interfacial recombination at the perovskite–C 60 interface, and it is important to develop effective surface passivation strategies to pursue higher PCE of perovskite–organic TSCs 7 . Here we exploit a new surface passivator cyclohexane 1,4-diammonium diiodide (CyDAI 2 ), which naturally contains two isomeric structures with ammonium groups on the same or opposite sides of the hexane ring (denoted as cis -CyDAI 2 and trans -CyDAI 2 , respectively), and the two isomers demonstrate completely different surface interaction behaviours. The cis -CyDAI 2 passivation treatment reduces the quasi-Fermi-level splitting–open circuit voltage ( V oc ) mismatch of the WBG pero-SCs with a bandgap of 1.88 eV and enhanced its V oc to 1.36 V. Combining the cis -CyDAI 2 -treated perovskite and the organic active layer with a narrow bandgap of 1.27 eV, the constructed monolithic perovskite–organic TSC demonstrates a PCE of 26.4% (certified as 25.7%). A new surface passivator cyclohexane 1,4-diammonium diiodide naturally contains two isomeric structures with ammonium groups on the same or opposite sides of the hexane ring, and the two isomers demonstrate completely different surface interaction behaviours.

The medium-bandgap polymerized small molecule acceptors (PSMAs) have broad application scenarios. However, the effort in the molecular design of the high-performance medium-bandgap PSMAs is limited. In this article, we introduce alkoxy groups as outer side chains and as substituents of the thiophene π -bridges of the high-performance PSMA PY-IT to synthesize a medium-bandgap PSMA PO-TO. Due to that the non-covalent interaction between the alkoxy groups and the terminal groups of the small molecule acceptor (SMA) unit can weaken the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect, the bandgap of PO-TO is enlarged and its absorption is blue-shifted compared with PY-IT, while the absorbance of PO-TO solution and film is enhanced significantly compare with that of PY-IT. When blended PO-TO with the polymer donor PBQx-TF, the corresponding all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) exhibit an open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) exceeding 1.04 V with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.75%. Furthermore, PO-TO was used as the third component to fabricate ternary all-PSCs with PBQx-TF as the polymer donor and PY-IT as the main polymer acceptor, and the ternary all-PSCs based on PBQx-TF:PY-IT:PO-TO (1:1:0.2, w/w/w ) demonstrated a high PCE of 17.71% with simultaneously improved V oc of 0.940 V, short-circuit current density ( J sc ) of 24.60 mA cm −2 and fill factor (FF) of 76.81%. In comparison, the binary all-PSCs based on PBQx-TF:PY-IT showed a PCE of 16.77%. This result indicates that introducing alkoxy groups is a promising strategy for synthesizing high-performance medium-bandgap PSMAs.

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) is one of the most promising technologies for powering indoor electronic devices. The high-performance indoor organic photovoltaics (IOPV) require medium bandgap materials to absorb visible light efficiently and reduce energy loss. However, state-of-the-art A-DA’D-A type small molecule acceptors (SMAs) have absorptions in the near-infrared region which mismatches with the room light. In this work, two medium bandgap A-DA’D-A type SMAs BTOL-Br and DFOL-Br were synthesized by a molecular synergetic modification strategy for the applications in IOPV. Our results show that DFOL-Br with replacing the A’ unit of benzothiadiazole in BTOL-Br by difluorine substituted benzene ring, exhibits blue-shifted absorption spectra and an up-shifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level than those of BTOL-Br. When blending the SMAs with a polymer donor PBQx-TCl, the DFOL-Br-based film shows more ordered molecular packing and suitable phase separation. As a result, the DFOL-Br-based device achieves a higher indoor efficiency of 26.8% under a 2600 K light-emitting diode lamp at 2000 lux than that of the BTOL-Br-based one (23.2%). This work indicates that the synergetic modification is an effective strategy for preparing medium bandgap A-DA’D-A type SMAs, which may become a useful SMA design guideline for developing high-performance IOPVs.

Many studies in recent years have found that dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can contribute to disease. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 17 (SNHG17) is a novel cancer-related lncRNA of the SNHG family which is highly expressed in various tumors and may exert oncogenic functions. Several studies have demonstrated that SNHG17 is closely related to the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and chemical drug resistance of tumor cells, and clinical studies have found an association between high SNHG17 expression and poor prognosis. In this review, we summarize relevant studies investigating SNHG17, focusing on its biological function as well as its potential value for clinical applications.

Annulus pressure control is critical to well safety in deepwater oil and gas wells, and it is crucial for deepwater high-pressure oil and gas wells, which are related to production safety. At present, the deepwater annular pressure analysis model is mainly based on the trapped annulus principle. For the high annular pressure of deepwater high-pressure oil and gas wells, it brings great management and control challenges. This paper proposes a deepwater high-pressure oil and gas well annular pressure analysis method considering formation connectivity. According to the existing measures of annular pressure management and control, the differences between various types of annular pressure management and control technology are systematically analyzed and expounded, and the annular pressure management and control technology of deepwater high-pressure oil and gas wells is proposed accordingly. At the same time, combined with the actual case of a deepwater high-pressure well in the South China Sea, the annular pressure considering different influencing factors is analyzed, and the appropriate management and control methods of annular pressure are recommended. This paper systematically summarizes and studies the analysis and control technology of annular pressure in deepwater high-pressure oil and gas wells, which provides a technical basis for China’s deep water to move from conventional deepwater to deepwater high-pressure, and can provide a reference for the management and control of annular pressure in oil and gas wells in subsequent deepwater projects.

Repair and reconstruction of large bone defect were often difficult, and bone substitute materials, including autogenous bone, allogenic bone and artificial bone, were common treatment strategies. The key to elucidate the clinical effect of these bone repair materials was to study their osteogenic capacity and immunotoxicological compatibility. In this paper, the mechanical properties, micro-CT imaging analysis, digital image analysis and histological slice analysis of the three bone grafts were investigated and compared after different time points of implantation in rat femur defect model. Autogenous bone and biphasic calcium phosphate particular artificial bone containing 61.4% HA and 38.6% β-tricalcium phosphate with 61.64% porosity and 0.8617 ± 0.0068 g/cm3 density (d ≤ 2 mm) had similar and strong bone repair ability, but autogenous bone implant materials caused greater secondary damage to experimental animals; allogenic bone exhibited poor bone defect repair ability. At the early stage of implantation, the immunological indexes such as Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin M concentration and CD4 cells’ population of allogenic bone significantly increased in compared with those of autologous bone and artificial bone. Although the repair process of artificial bone was relatively inefficient than autologous bone graft, the low immunotoxicological indexes and acceptable therapeutic effects endowed it as an excellent alternative material to solve the problems with insufficient source and secondary trauma of autogenous bone.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. In patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who are negative for driver gene mutations, platinum-based chemotherapy represented by cisplatin remain the standard of care. Therefore, studying the mechanism behind inevitable cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma is still important. In this study, the potentially related differential expression gene for cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma was screened in the GEO database. The expression level of HEY1 in cell lines of lung adenocarcinoma was detected and HEY1 expression was up-regulated in cisplatin-resistant lung adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines A549/DDP. Patients with high HEY1 expression have poor prognosis after cisplatin therapy. Gain and loss function assays uncovered that HEY1 could regulate the cisplatin sensitivity of NSCLC cells. In vivo experiments have confirmed that silence of HEY1 expression can induce cisplatin resistance, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) changes occur during this process. Mechanically, HEY1 silencing significantly up-regulated E-cadherin expression and down-regulated Vimentin in A549/DDP cells. While up-regulation of HEY1 resulted in down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of Vimentin in A549 cells. Immunohistochemical experiments confirmed that E-cadherin was significantly decreased, and Vimentin expression was significantly up-regulated in cisplatin-resistant lung adenocarcinoma tissues. HEY1 can mediate the occurrence of cisplatin-acquired resistance in lung adenocarcinoma, and the possible mechanism is to regulate the EMT. The results of this study can provide a new direction and target for clinical research on the reversal of cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective Previous investigations suggest that appropriate nutritional interventions may reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). This study examined the effect of D-ribose supplementation on DOMS induced by plyometric exercise. Methods For the purpose of inducing DOMS, 21 untrained male college students performed a lower-limb plyometric exercise session that involved 7 sets of 20 consecutive frog hops with 90-s of rest between each set. Muscle soreness was measured with a visual analogue scale 1-h before, 24-h after, and 48-h after exercise. Subjects were then randomly placed into the D-ribose group (DRIB, n  = 11) and the placebo group (PLAC, n  = 10) to assure equivalent BMI and muscle soreness. After a 14-d washout/recovery period, subjects performed the same exercise session, with DRIB ingesting a 200 ml solution containing 15 g D-ribose 1-h before, 1-h, 12-h, 24-h, and 36-h after exercise, and PLAC ingesting a calorically equivalent placebo of the same volume and taste containing sorbitol and β-cyclodextrin. Muscle soreness and isokinetic muscle strength were measured, and venous blood was assessed for markers of muscle damage and oxidative stress 1-h before, 24-h and 48-h after exercise. Results In DRIB, muscle soreness after 24-h and 48-h in the second exercise session were significantly lower ( p  < 0.01) than was experienced in the first exercise session. In the second exercise, blood-related markers of muscle soreness, including creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin and malondialdehyde (MDA) in DRIB after 24-h were lower in DRIB after 24-h than in PLAC (MDA, p  < 0.05; rest outcomes, p  < 0.01). In addition, LDH and MDA in DRIB were significantly lower ( p  < 0.01) after 24-h in DRIB than in PLAC. No difference was found in isokinetic muscle strength and oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, between DRIB and PLAC after 24-h and 48-h. Conclusion D-ribose supplementation reduces muscle soreness, improves recovery of muscle damage, and inhibits the formation of lipid peroxides. Young adult males performing plyometric exercise are likely to realize a DOMS reduction through consumption of D-ribose in 15 g/doses both before (1-h) and after (1-h, 12-h, 24-h, 36-h) exercise. These results suggest that appropriately timed consumption of D-ribose may induce a similar alleviation of exercise-induced DOMS in the general public.

The rapid development and widespread adoption of Audio Large Language Models (ALLMs) demand rigorous evaluation of their trustworthiness. However, existing evaluation frameworks are primarily designed for text and fail to capture vulnerabilities introduced by the acoustic properties of audio. We find that significant trustworthiness risks in ALLMs arise from non-semantic acoustic cues, such as timbre, accent, and background noise, which can be exploited to manipulate model behavior. To address this gap, we propose AudioTrust, the first large-scale and systematic framework for evaluating ALLM trustworthiness under audio-specific risks. AudioTrust covers six key dimensions: fairness, hallucination, safety, privacy, robustness, and authenticition. It includes 26 sub-tasks and a curated dataset of more than 4,420 audio samples collected from real-world scenarios, including daily conversations, emergency calls, and voice assistant interactions, and is specifically designed to probe trustworthiness across multiple dimensions. Our comprehensive evaluation spans 18 experimental settings and uses human-validated automated pipelines to enable objective and scalable assessment of model outputs. Experimental results on 14 state-of-the-art open-source and closed-source ALLMs reveal important limitations and failure boundaries under diverse high-risk audio scenarios, providing critical insights for the secure and trustworthy deployment of future audio models. Our platform and benchmark are publicly available at https://github.com/JusperLee/AudioTrust.

Audio Large Language Models (ALLMs) have gained widespread adoption, yet their trustworthiness remains underexplored. Existing evaluation frameworks, designed primarily for text, fail to address unique vulnerabilities introduced by audio's acoustic properties. We identify significant trustworthiness risks in ALLMs arising from non-semantic acoustic cues, including timbre, accent, and background noise, which can manipulate model behavior. We propose AudioTrust, a comprehensive framework for systematic evaluation of ALLM trustworthiness across audio-specific risks. AudioTrust encompasses six key dimensions: fairness, hallucination, safety, privacy, robustness, and authentication. The framework implements 26 distinct sub-tasks using a curated dataset of over 4,420 audio samples from real-world scenarios, including daily conversations, emergency calls, and voice assistant interactions. We conduct comprehensive evaluations across 18 experimental configurations using human-validated automated pipelines. Our evaluation of 14 state-of-the-art open-source and closed-source ALLMs reveals significant limitations when confronted with diverse high-risk audio scenarios, providing insights for secure deployment of audio models. Code and data are available at https://github.com/JusperLee/AudioTrust.