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هذه هي الصين : قوة تسير نحو العالم
يركز كتاب \"هذه هي الصين\" على سرد قصص تنمية الصين في العصر الجديد. وقد غير الدكتور تشانغ وي وي طريقته المعروفة بالتوجيه والإرشاد في البرامج الأيديولوجية والنظرية في الماضي، وعبر عنها بلغة شعبية سائغة، وحجج منطقية صارمة، وبيانات حقيقية، وتصادمات صريحة للأفكار، وتقنيات عرض مبتكرة لمساعدة الجمهور على فهم النموذج الصيني والطريق الصيني، وتعزيز ثقتهم بمستقبل الصين.
Book
Multi-omics analysis reveals key regulatory defense pathways in Ruppia sinensis in response to water salinity fluctuations
Seagrasses maintain cellular water balance by regulating ion concentrations and accumulating organic osmolytes, enabling them to survive in the fluctuating salinity of intertidal environments. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying seagrass responses to salinity changes remain relatively understudied. To address this, we conducted a multi-omics analysis of
Ruppia sinensis
under low, moderate, and high salinity conditions to uncover the mechanisms behind its adaptation to salinity fluctuations. Our research revealed that the transition from low to high salinity significantly altered the physiological characteristics of
R. sinensis
. Simultaneously, the species enhanced its ability to cope with and adapt to salinity fluctuations by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. Integration of multi-omics data further indicated that under high salinity conditions,
R. sinensis
synthesizes more flavonoids to bolster its adaptive capacity. Additionally, the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway appears to play a crucial role in the response of
R. sinensis
to changes in water salinity.
Journal Article
Bacterial-archaeal co-occurrence in honey bee gut microbiomes across host species and management regimes
Honeybees are key pollinators, and their overwintering period represents a critical bottleneck for colony survival. We investigated how host species and husbandry practices influence the composition of gut bacterial and archaeal communities of overwintering honeybees, as well as the potential functional consequences for energy metabolism and resilience. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing combined with marker-gene functional inference, we observed that wild Apis cerana (wAc) harbors the most diverse gut microbiome across both bacterial and archaeal domains. Notably, wAc exhibited a significant enrichment of methanogenic archaea (e.g., Methanocorpusculaceae and Methanosarcinaceae ), a pattern potentially consistent with bacterial–archaeal metabolic coupling that may improve fermentation thermodynamics and energy extraction under winter resource limitation. In contrast, the gut communities of managed Apis cerana (mAc) and Apis mellifera (Am) were dominated by Lactobacillus , and mAc exhibited a relative increase in predicted carbohydrate metabolism and replication/repair pathways based on marker-gene inference. Most archaeal sequences from Am and mAc remained unclassified, underscoring gaps in primer coverage and reference databases. Because each experimental group in this study was represented by a single pooled sample, the analyses are descriptive and hypothesis-generating rather than definitive; functional inferences should be treated as provisional and validated in future work. Overall, the results generate testable hypotheses that dietary diversification, reduced antibiotic exposure, and targeted microbial interventions might help support overwintering resilience, but targeted validation is required before making management recommendations.
Journal Article
Obesity and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies
Mounting evidence indicates that obesity may be associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). To conduct a systematic review of prospective studies assessing the association of obesity with the risk of CRC using meta-analysis.
Relevant studies were identified by a search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases before January 2012, with no restrictions. We also reviewed reference lists from retrieved articles. We included prospective studies that reported relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between general obesity [measured using body mass index (BMI)] or central obesity [measured using waist circumference (WC)] and the risk of colorectal, colon, or rectal cancer. Approximately 9, 000, 000 participants from several countries were included in this analysis. 41 studies on general obesity and 13 studies on central obesity were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled RRs of CRC for the obese vs. normal category of BMI were 1.334 (95% CI, 1.253-1.420), and the highest vs. lowest category of WC were 1.455 (95% CI, 1.327-1.596). There was heterogeneity among studies of BMI (P<0.001) but not among studies of WC (P=0.323).
Both of general and central obesity were positively associated with the risk of CRC in this meta-analysis.
Journal Article
Association between the alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase ratio and new-onset non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a nonobese Chinese population: a population-based longitudinal study
Background
The alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ratio has been considered an alternative marker for hepatic steatosis. However, few studies have investigated the association of the ALT/AST ratio with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in nonobese people.
Methods
A total of 12,127 nonobese participants who were free of NAFLD participated in this study. The participants were divided into quintiles of the ALT/AST ratio. Multiple Cox regression models were used to explore the association of the ALT/AST ratio with new-onset NAFLD.
Results
During the five-year follow-up period, 2147 individuals (17.7%) developed new-onset NAFLD.
After adjusting for all non-collinear covariates, the multiple Cox regression analysis results showed that a higher ALT/AST ratio was independently associated with new-onset NAFLD in nonobese Chinese (adjusted hazard ratios [aHRs]: 2.10, 95% confidence intervals: 1.88, 2.36). The aHRs for NAFLD across increasing quintiles of the ALT/AST ratio were 1, 1.63 (1.30, 2.04), 2.07 (1.65, 2.60), 2.84 (2.33, 3.48) and 3.49 (2.78, 4.39) (
P
for trend< 0.001). The positive association was more significant among people with high blood pressure, high blood lipids and hyperglycaemia, as well as in men. Additionally, the regression spline showed that the saturation effect of the ALT/AST ratio on NAFLD risk was at 0.93 in this study population, which was 1.22 in males and 0.89 in females.
Conclusions
In nonobese Chinese individuals without NAFLD at baseline, the increase in the ALT/AST ratio is closely associated with the risk of new-onset NAFLD.
Journal Article
The usefulness of obesity and lipid-related indices to predict the presence of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Background
Conicity index, body-shape index, lipid accumulation product (LAP), waist circumference (WC), triglyceride, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, hepatic steatosis index (HSI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), TyG index-related parameters (TyG-WHtR, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC), body mass index (BMI), visceral adiposity index, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and body roundness index have been reported as reliable markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there is debate about which of the above obesity and lipid-related indices has the best predictive performance for NAFLD risk.
Methods
This study included 6870 female and 7411 male subjects, and 15 obesity and lipid-related indices were measured and calculated. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. The area under the curve (AUC) of 15 obesity and lipid-related indices were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
Results
Among the 15 obesity and lipid-related indices, the TyG index-related parameters had the strongest association with NAFLD. ROC analysis showed that except for ABSI, the other 14 parameters had high predictive value in identifying NAFLD, especially in female and young subjects. Most notably, TyG index-related parameters performed better than other parameters in predicting NAFLD in most populations. In the female population, the AUC of TyG-WC for predicting NAFLD was 0.9045, TyG-BMI was 0.9084, and TyG-WHtR was 0.9071. In the male population, the AUC of TyG-WC was 0.8356, TyG-BMI was 0.8428, and TyG-WHtR was 0.8372. In addition, BMI showed good NAFLD prediction performance in most subgroups (AUC>0.8).
Conclusions
Our data suggest that TyG index-related parameters, LAP, HSI, BMI, and WC appear to be good predictors of NAFLD. Of these parameters, TyG index-related parameters showed the best predictive potential.
Journal Article
A bionic stretchable nanogenerator for underwater sensing and energy harvesting
Soft wearable electronics for underwater applications are of interest, but depend on the development of a waterproof, long-term sustainable power source. In this work, we report a bionic stretchable nanogenerator for underwater energy harvesting that mimics the structure of ion channels on the cytomembrane of electrocyte in an electric eel. Combining the effects of triboelectrification caused by flowing liquid and principles of electrostatic induction, the bionic stretchable nanogenerator can harvest mechanical energy from human motion underwater and output an open-circuit voltage over 10 V. Underwater applications of a bionic stretchable nanogenerator have also been demonstrated, such as human body multi-position motion monitoring and an undersea rescue system. The advantages of excellent flexibility, stretchability, outstanding tensile fatigue resistance (over 50,000 times) and underwater performance make the bionic stretchable nanogenerator a promising sustainable power source for the soft wearable electronics used underwater.
Flexible devices such as solar cells and nanogenerators are attractive for powering wearable electronics, but waterproof capabilities would extend applications. Here the authors report a bionic stretchable nanogenerator that is capable of harvesting energy and multi-position motion monitoring underwater.
Journal Article
The association between triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity: An inverted U-shaped curve
Ectopic fat obesity and triglycerides are risk factors for diabetes and multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, there have been limited studies on the association between triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity.
In this cross-sectional study, we retrospectively analyzed 15464 adult participants recruited by Murakami Memorial Hospital (8430 men and 7034 women, average age of 43.71 ± 8.90). All patients were divided into two groups according to the threshold used to diagnose hypertriglyceridemia. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between triglycerides and the risk of ectopic fat obesity, and the generalized additive model was used to identify the nonlinear association. In this study population, the prevalence of ectopic fat obesity was 17.73%. After adjusting other covariables, triglycerides were positively correlated with the risk of ectopic fat obesity (OR: 1.54, 95% CI:1.41-1.69, P<0.0001). Through smooth curve fitting, we found that there was an inverted U-shaped curve association between triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity. This association remained unchanged even if the adjusted covariables were removed from the model, and the inflection point of the curve was 3.98. When triglyceride levels were ≤3.98, triglycerides were positively correlated with the risk of ectopic fat obesity (OR:1.784, 95% CI:1.611-1.975, P<0.0001). When triglyceride levels were >3.98 (right side of the inflection point), there was a negative correlation (OR:0.519, 95% CI:0.333-0.810, P = 0.0039).
Our research showed that there is a significant association between triglycerides and ectopic fat obesity. This relation is not a simple linear relationship but instead an inverted U-shaped curve association.
Journal Article
Remnant cholesterol can identify individuals at higher risk of metabolic syndrome in the general population
Remnant cholesterol (RC) is a highly atherogenic lipid. Previous studies have shown that RC was closely associated with many metabolism-related diseases. However, the relationship of RC with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. This study’s objective is to investigate the relationship of RC with MetS. A total of 60,799 adults who received health assessments were included in this study. RC was calculated by subtracting the directly measured values for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) from total cholesterol (TC) and divided into 5 groups according to its quintile. MetS diagnosis according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) definitions. Application of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and multivariate logistic regression to assess the association of RC with MetS. In RC quintile groups, the prevalence of MetS was 0.84, 1.10, 1.92, 3.87 and 37.71%, respectively. Multivariate logical regression analysis showed that RC and MetS maintained a stable independent positive correlation between both sexes. An interaction test further showed that the MetS risk associated with RC was significantly higher in women than in men. Moreover, ROC analysis results showed that RC had high accuracy in identifying MetS, especially among young and middle-aged men [(area under the curve: AUC) < 30 years: 0.9572, 30–39 years: 0.9306, 40–49 years: 0.9067]. The current study provided the first evidence of a positive association between RC and MetS, and that this correlation was stronger in women than in man, which may be due to the relative deficiency of estrogen in women.
Journal Article