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Botrytis elliptica , the causal agent of gray mold disease, poses a major threat to commercial Lilium production, limiting its ornamental value and yield. The molecular and metabolic regulation mechanisms of Lilium 's defense response to B. elliptica infection have not been completely elucidated. Here, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of B. elliptica resistant Lilium oriental hybrid “Sorbonne” to understand the molecular basis of gray mold disease resistance in gray mold disease. A total of 115 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected by comparing the different temporal stages of pathogen infection. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DAMs were enriched in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways at all stages of infection, demonstrating the prominence of these pathways in the defense response of “Sorbonne” to B. elliptica . Network analysis revealed high interconnectivity of the induced defense response. Furthermore, time-course analysis of the transcriptome and a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) led to the identification of a number of hub genes at different stages, revealing that jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), brassinolide (BR), and calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) play a crucial role in the response of “Sorbonne” to fungal infection. Our work provides a comprehensive perspective on the defense response of Lilium to B. elliptica infection, along with a potential transcriptional regulatory network underlying the defense response, thereby offering gene candidates for resistance breeding and metabolic engineering of Lilium .

Squeeze casting is an advanced technology to produce aluminum alloy components with excellent mechanical property. Due to good fluidity and castability, the Al-Si alloy is the most common aluminum material in squeeze casting. However, the segregation in solid α-Al phase and liquid eutectic Si phase happens during solidification, which leads to microstructural inhomogeneous in the final microstructure. In this study, the eutectic Si segregation of Al-12Si-1Cu alloy under different intensification pressure in squeeze casting was investigated by Optical Microscopy (OM). The results show that increasing intensification pressure promotes the eutectic Si segregation at center zone, while the eutectic Si phase at skin zone is not much influenced. Increasing the intensification pressure from 65 MPa to 140 MPa, the segregation degree of eutectic Si at center zone increases from 0.05 to 0.29, while the segregation degree at skin zone levels at 0.2. Under high intensification pressure, the feeding effect of liquid phase at center zone is prominent, which results to high tendency of eutectic Si segregation in the final microstructure.