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Syringic acid (SA), a phenolic compound, is found naturally in several plants, fruits, and vegetables and has numerous therapeutic attributes. The objective of the research was to investigate the possible impact of syringic acid nanoparticles (SANPs) on hyperglycemia, particularly in relation to advanced glycation end products, reactive oxygen species, and inflammation. SANPs were prepared by ionic gelation method and characterized. Rats were divided into 5 groups, normal control, high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD), HFFD + metformin (120 mg/kg), HFFD + SA (30 mg/kg) and HFFD + SANPs (15 mg/kg). Rats showed a remarkable decrease in body weight (↓31.61%) and fasting blood glucose levels (↓62.63%) in HFFD + SANPs group. The HbA1c decreased from 5.8 ± 0.05% in HFFD to 4.4 ± 0.12% in HFFD + SA and 4.1 ± 0.16% in HFFD + SANPs treatment groups. The administration of SANPs resulted in a considerable improvement ( p  < 0.001) in the activity of glyoxalase-1 (Glo1, 0.19 ± 0.003 U/mg protein), glyoxalase-2 (Glo2, 0.14 ± 0.002 U/mg protein) and hexokinase-2 (29.19 ± 2.24 ng/dL). There was a significant decrease ( p  < 0.001) in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels along with increased glutathione (GSH), superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity. The in-silico analysis indicated potential binding affinities with hexokinase 2 (-5.4), IL-6 (-5.7), catalase (-5.8), MDA (-5.4) and GSH (-5.1). Furthermore, these interventions resulted in enhancements in the plasma concentrations of lipid profile components as well as improvements in liver function tests and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8 and NF-κB. Utilization of SANPs holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for mitigating hyperglycemia.

The increasing popularity of herbal preparations has prompted people around the world to incorporate herbal products into their balanced diet, aiming to improve brain health and protect against neurological disorders. Erqember(Erq‐Em) possesses a blend of various neuroprotective phytocompounds. The present study aimed to phytochemically analyze this polyherbal product and scientifically validate its neurological benefits. After chemical characterization through UHPLC‐MS, in vivo studies involved the supplementation of mice with 10 and 20 mL/kg doses of Erq‐Em in an AlCl 3 ‐induced amnesic mice model followed by behavioral assessment for anxiety and cognition in a battery of behavioral tests. Subsequently, whole brains were dissected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Further, the study also included in silico studies to understand the interaction of detected phytocompounds with acetylcholinesterase protein. The outcomes revealed that mice treated with Eqr‐Em were protected from anxiety‐like behavior as they dose‐dependently prefer innately frightening central, lightened, and elevated zones in OFT, L/D, and EPM tests. Moreover, the Erq‐Em supplementation caused improved spontaneous learning in Y‐maze and NOR tests, while their memory in passive avoidance and water maze tests was evident from longer step‐through and shorter escape latencies, respectively. The biochemical analysis of brain homogenates showed a reduction in AchE and MDA while elevation in SOD and GPx levels in mice receiving Erq‐Em. Moreover, the healthy and intact neuronal counts were markedly high in CA1 and DG regions of Nissl’s‐stained hippocampi of Erq‐Em‐treated mice. The compounds detected by UPLC‐MS showed favorable BBB permeability and interacted well with acetylcholinesterase protein through in silico studies. Overall, the neurological benefits of Erqember might result from enhanced cholinergic neurotransmission and antioxidative activity of its phytocompounds, which together function as multimodal strategies against AlCl 3 ‐induced neurotoxicity.

This paper is concerned with the application of the variational principle to nonlinear oscillators with fractional power. In the proposed approach, high-order trial solutions are assumed with unknown parameters that are estimated using conditions by the variational theory. To perform integration in the proposed approach, linearization of the nonlinear term is carried out for simple calculation. The proposed approach delivered an estimate of the oscillator frequency with a relative error as small as 0.009%.

In this paper, we apply the global error minimization method to nonlinear oscillators with fractional terms for determining the first- and second-order approximate frequencies and solutions. The estimation problem is transformed into a minimization problem which leads to a simple yet precise scheme for finding the frequency of oscillation and the solution of the ordinary differential equation.

In this paper, a reliable stochastic numerical analysis for typhoid fever incorporating with protection against infection has been considered. We have compared the solutions of stochastic and deterministic typhoid fever model. It has been shown that the stochastic typhoid fever model is more realistic as compared to the deterministic typhoid fever model. The effect of threshold number T* hold in stochastic typhoid fever model. The proposed framework of the stochastic non-standard finite difference scheme (SNSFD) preserves all dynamical properties like positivity, bounded-ness and dynamical consistency defined by Mickens, R. E. The stochastic numerical simulation of the model showed that increase in protection leads to low disease prevalence in a population.

Background We propose the creation of a journal transparency tool (JTT), which will allow users to obtain information about a given scholarly journal's operations and policies. We are obtaining preferences from different stakeholders to inform the development of this tool. This study aimed to identify the publishing community's preferences for the JTT. Methods We conducted a modified three-round Delphi survey. Representatives from publishing houses and journal publishers were recruited through purposeful and snowball sampling. The first two Delphi rounds involved an online survey with items about JTT metrics and user features. During the third round, participants discussed and voted on JTT metric items that did not reach consensus after round 2 within a virtual consensus meeting. We defined consensus as 80% agreement to include or exclude an item in the JTT. Results Eighty-six participants completed the round 1 survey, and 43 participants (50% of round 1) completed the round 2 survey. In both rounds, respondents voted on JTT user feature and JTT metric item preferences and answered open-ended survey questions regarding the JTT. In round 3, a total of 21 participants discussed and voted on JTT metric items that did not reach consensus after round 2 during an online consensus group meeting. Fifteen out of 30 JTT metric items and none of the four JTT user feature items reached the 80% consensus threshold after all rounds of voting. Analysis of the round 3 online consensus group transcript resulted in two themes: 'factors impacting support for JTT metrics' and 'suggestions for user clarity.' Conclusions Participants suggested that the publishing community's primary concerns for a JTT are to ensure that the tool is relevant, user-friendly, accessible, and equitable. The outcomes of this research will contribute to developing and refining the tool in accordance with publishing preferences.

Background We propose the creation of a journal transparency tool (JTT), which will allow users to obtain information about a given scholarly journal's operations and policies. We are obtaining preferences from different stakeholders to inform the development of this tool. This study aimed to identify the publishing community's preferences for the JTT. Methods We conducted a modified three-round Delphi survey. Representatives from publishing houses and journal publishers were recruited through purposeful and snowball sampling. The first two Delphi rounds involved an online survey with items about JTT metrics and user features. During the third round, participants discussed and voted on JTT metric items that did not reach consensus after round 2 within a virtual consensus meeting. We defined consensus as 80% agreement to include or exclude an item in the JTT. Results Eighty-six participants completed the round 1 survey, and 43 participants (50% of round 1) completed the round 2 survey. In both rounds, respondents voted on JTT user feature and JTT metric item preferences and answered open-ended survey questions regarding the JTT. In round 3, a total of 21 participants discussed and voted on JTT metric items that did not reach consensus after round 2 during an online consensus group meeting. Fifteen out of 30 JTT metric items and none of the four JTT user feature items reached the 80% consensus threshold after all rounds of voting. Analysis of the round 3 online consensus group transcript resulted in two themes: 'factors impacting support for JTT metrics' and 'suggestions for user clarity.' Conclusions Participants suggested that the publishing community's primary concerns for a JTT are to ensure that the tool is relevant, user-friendly, accessible, and equitable. The outcomes of this research will contribute to developing and refining the tool in accordance with publishing preferences.