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Micropropagation is a plant tissue culture technique widely used for the production of medicinal plants. Lippia dulcis is an aromatic species that has potential therapeutic use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a natural ventilation system (NVS) on the vegetative growth, anatomical characteristics, production of photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant defense of Lippia dulcis plantlets grown in vitro. Nodal segments pre-established in vitro were inoculated in flasks with 50 mL of MS culture medium and sealed using lids with one (NVS1), two (NVS2), or four (NVS4) membranes or no membrane (NM). After 45 days, vegetative growth parameters, anatomical characteristics, accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and phenolic compounds, and antioxidant defense responses by nonenzymatic mechanisms were evaluated. The NVS4 group had the highest growth rates, greatest accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, and the most anatomically organized tissues, in addition to the best antioxidant defense response. This natural ventilation system with four membranes offered the best conditions for the growth and development of Lippia dulcis plantlets.Key MessageAlternative membrane system increased dry weight, improve anatomical characteristics, accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and phenolic compounds, and antioxidant defense in micropropagated plantlets.

Considerando a necessidade urgente de mitigar os impactos negativos das atividades humanas sobre o meio ambiente e promover o desenvolvimento sustentável, este trabalho aborda a evolução do conceito de gestão ambiental. Objetiva-se destacar a transição de abordagens reativas para práticas preventivas e integradas. Para tanto, procede-se à análise da implementação de Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental (SGAs), com ênfase na norma ISO 14001, e à discussão da importância da gestão ambiental pública e participativa, além das unidades de conservação. Desse modo, observa-se que os indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável são ferramentas essenciais para avaliar o desempenho das políticas ambientais. O que permite concluir que uma abordagem abrangente e multidimensional da gestão ambiental é fundamental para promover a conscientização e o engajamento de diversos atores na busca por um futuro sustentável.

Considering the urgent need to mitigate the negative impacts of human activities on the environment and promote sustainable development, this study addresses the evolution of the concept of environmental management. The objective is to highlight the transition from reactive approaches to preventive and integrated practices. To this end, the analysis focuses on the implementation of Environmental Management Systems (EMS), with an emphasis on the ISO 14001 standard, and discusses the importance of public and participatory environmental management, as well as conservation units. Thus, it is observed that sustainable development indicators are essential tools for evaluating the performance of environmental policies. This allows us to conclude that a comprehensive and multidimensional approach h to environmental management is fundamental to promote awareness and engagement of various stakeholders in the pursuit of a sustainable future. Keywords: Environmental Management. Sustainable Development. ISO 14001. Environmental Management Systems. Public Participation. Sustainability Indicators. Considerando a necessidade urgente de mitigar os impactos negativos das atividades humanas sobre o meio ambiente e promover o desenvolvimento sustentavel, este trabalho aborda a evolucao do conceito de gestao ambiental. Objetiva-se destacar a transicao de abordagens reativas para praticas preventivas e integradas. Para tanto, procede-se a analise da implementacao de Sistemas de Gestao Ambiental (SGAs), com enfase na norma ISO 14001, e a discussao da importancia da gestao ambiental publica e participativa, alem das unidades de conservacao. Desse modo, observa-se que os indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentavel sao ferramentas essenciais para avaliar o desempenho das politicas ambientais. O que permite concluir que uma abordagem abrangente e multidimensional da gestao ambiental e fundamental para promover a conscientizacao e o engajamento de diversos atores na busca por um futuro sustentavel. Palavras-chave: Gestao Ambiental. Desenvolvimento Sustentavel. ISO 14001. Sistemas de Gestao Ambiental. Participacao Publica. Indicadores de Sustentabilidade. Considerando la necesidad urgente de mitigar los impactos negativos de las actividades humanas sobre el medio ambiente y promover el desarrollo sostenible, este estudio aborda la evolucion del concepto de gestion ambiental. El objetivo es destacar la transicion de enfoques reactivos a practicas preventivas e integradas. Para ello, el analisis se centra en la implementacion de Sistemas de Gestion Ambiental (SGA), con enfasis en la norma ISO 14001, y discute la importancia de la gestion ambiental publica y participativa, asi como las unidades de conservacion. De este modo, se observa que los indicadores de desarrollo sostenible son herramientas esenciales para evaluar el desempeno de las politicas ambientales. Esto permite concluir que un enfoque integral y multidimensional de la gestion ambiental es fundamental para promover la concienciacion y el compromiso de diversos actores en la busqueda de un futuro sostenible. Palabras clave: Gestion Ambiental. Desarrollo Sostenible. ISO 14001. Sistemas de Gestion Ambiental. Participacion Publica. Indicadores de Sostenibilidad.

The aim of this work was to optimize the process of elaborating liver pâtés and omental lamb fat and to evaluate the quality of the products. Livers and fats were obtained from lambs fed with diets composed of corn and soybean meal that were partially replaced by cupuaçu, tucumã and palm kernel cake. To prepare the pâtés, livers were baked for 20 minutes at 100°C, weighed, seasoned, crushed, packaged and pasteurized. The best formulation of the pâté was with 40% liver, 10% fat, 35% water, and pasteurized for 20 minutes at 65°C. The pâté from the livers of lambs fed with palm kernel cake obtained a higher caloric value of 193.05 kcal/100 g and all pâtés met the recommended microbiological quality. There was a significant effect (p< 0.05) of the diets on the aroma and texture of the liver pâtés of lambs fed corn and soybean meal and palm kernel cake, and these were 6.38 and 3.37, respectively. Thus, the pâtés can be considered an alternative to increase the options for consumption of liver from lambs, and also for adding commercial value to lamb viscera.

Thermal stress causes severe effects on the wellbeing and reproduction of cattle, including changes in oogenesis and spermatogenesis, generating great concerns, which last for decades. In cattle, the occurrence of thermal stress is associated with a reduction in the production of spermatozoids and ovarian follicles, in addition to the increase of major and minor defects in gametes or in their intermediate stages. In bovine females able to reproduce, a reduction in the rate of estrus manifestation and an increase in embryonic mortality has been observed. Therefore, keeping animals on good welfare conditions, with water supply and in shaded areas can favor the improvement of different reproductive parameters. For all this, the present study aimed to gather, synthesize and argue recent studies related to animal welfare, focusing on the effects of thermal stress on the reproduction of cattle, aiming to support possible strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of thermal stress in this species.

Breast cancer, a highly prevalent malignancy among women, continues to pose a significant global health challenge, as conventional therapies are often limited by adverse effects. This study developed and evaluated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) encapsulating fatty acid amides (FAAs) semi-synthesized from andiroba oil and combined with silk fibroin (SF) as a novel therapeutic strategy. Methods: FAAs were synthesized via direct amidation and characterized by GC-MS, FT-IR, and 13C NMR. These fatty acid amides were then incorporated into NLCs containing SF. The formulation was evaluated for its physicochemical stability, cell selectivity, and cytotoxicity against 4T1 murine breast cancer cells and healthy human fibroblasts. Results: The NLC-FAA/SF formulation exhibited physicochemical stability (average particle size: 136.9 ± 23.6 nm; zeta potential: −8.3 ± 12.0 mV; polydispersity index: 0.19 ± 0.04), indicating a monodisperse and stable system. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated high selective activity against 4T1 murine breast cancer cells (IC50 = 0.18 ± 0.06 μg/mL) and negligible toxicity to healthy human fibroblasts. Molecular docking studies revealed favorable interactions between the FAAs and cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, with unsaturated FAAs showing higher binding scores and stability, suggesting their potential as cannabinoid receptor ligands. These findings highlight NLC-FAA/SF as a promising, selective, and effective nanoplatform for breast cancer treatment, warranting further investigation into its mechanism of action and in vivo efficacy.

Thus, this review aims to deepen the understanding of buffalo farming in the Amazon, presenting the quality and nutritional value of buffalo meat and liver. This information serves as a subsidy to improve practices related to the breeding system, nutrition, health and sustainability associated with aquatic buffaloes. For this, a review of the databases was carried out using the descriptors “nutritional value of buffalo meat”, “nutritional value of buffalo liver” and “buffalo breeding in the Amazon”. Thus, the consumption of foods derived from aquatic buffaloes has important nutritional value for human consumption. In view of this, it is possible to conclude that the nutrition of these animals is influenced by the biodiversity of the Amazon, giving unique characteristics to its products, also highlighting the importance of carrying out research that aims to value the potential use of this species and strengthen the economy of the region.

The diet offered to animals has a great influence on the composition of tissues and, consequently, the quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Amazonian ecosystems, in the dry and rainy periods of the year, on the composition of cholesterol, tocopherols, β-carotene and the fatty acid profile of the livers of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) reared in the Eastern Amazon, in an extensive or intensive system. Total lipid content was influenced by the location and time of year (p < 0.05). Ninety-six male water buffaloes were used (12 per sampling period), aged between 24 and 36 months, with average weights of 432 kg (end of the rainy season) and 409 kg (end of the dry season). Total cholesterol, α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol influenced the relationship between extensive vs intensive ecosystems, location, periods and the interaction between the location and period of the year (p < 0.05). Animals raised in a pasture ecosystem had the highest values of omega-3, and those raised in confinement, the highest values of omega-6 (p < 0.05). The proportions of n-6/n-3 and hypocholesterolemia (7.14) and hypercholesterolemia (3.08%) (h/H) were found in greater amounts in animals raised in confinement (p < 0.05). The atherogenic index (AI) had a higher value in the rainy season, in animals raised in Santarém (2.37%), with no difference between pasture and feedlot ecosystems, except in animals raised in the rainy season in Nova Timboteua, with a lower AI (1.53%). The thrombogenicity index (TI) was higher in the livers of confined animals (0.32%) and lower (0.18%) in those raised in Nova Timboteua (rainy season). Amazonian ecosystems influence the nutritional values of buffalo liver, with the best nutritional values in animals in the extensive system.

Oropouche fever, an orthobunyavirus disease endemic in Brazilian Amazon, has caused many febrile epidemics. In 2024, an epidemic of Oropouche fever spread in Brazil, with more than 7930 cases reported between Jan 1 and Aug 31. Infections in pregnant people have suggested the possibility of negative fetal consequences, therefore we tested newborns with microcephaly for known congenital pathogens and Oropouche virus (OROV). In this case series, we assessed historical cases of infants born with microcephaly, arthrogryposis, and other congenital malformations without a confirmed cause and their mothers for potential OROV congenital infections. The study population consisted of infants born in Brazil with samples from 2015–21 and 2024. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from this case series were analysed for: syphilis, toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, HIV, Zika, dengue, and chikungunya. Individuals that were negative for these pathogens were then tested for OROV. Pathogen testing included ELISA and haemagglutination inhibition testing for antibodies and RT-PCR for virus RNA. We tested 68 samples from 65 historical cases of congential malformations and three cases from 2024. All cases were from ten states in Brazil. Three historical cases tested positive for OROV and 62 historical cases tested negative. The three cases from 2024 all tested positive for OROV. Of the positive cases, five were female and one was male. Not all pathogens were tested for each case, and some did not have maternal samples available. One of the newborns (case 6) died aged 47 days and tissue samples were tested by real-time RT-PCR, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry assays. One other newborn died in 2016 but no post-mortem samples were available. OROV IgM was detected in five of five newborn CSF samples, and five of five newborn serum samples. Four of five maternal serum samples were positive for OROV IgM. One of four newborn CSF samples (case 6 at age 44 days) was OROV positive by real-time RT-quantitative PCR and 0 of four newborn serum samples were positive, as were 0 of three maternal serum samples. Case 6 had major tissue changes of the brain macroscopically and microscopically, including necrotic and apoptotic changes of neurons, microglia and astrocytes, vacuolisation, and tissue atrophy. OROV RNA was detected in brain, lungs, kidney, CSF, and pleural fluid; OROV antigens were found in CNS, liver, kidney, heart, and lung, mainly in neurons and microglia and also in endothelial cells, suggesting vasculitis. We detected OROV IgM in six of 68 newborns with microcephaly of unknown cause. One infant who died had OROV RNA and antigen in several tissues, including the brain. The possibility of OROV vertical transmission and potential fetal harm must be investigated with urgency. The evidence presented here does not completely confirm vertical transmission or congenital malformations due to OROV, but thorough case finding and detailed investigation of maternal or fetal OROV infection is a priority. Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente, and Ministry of Health and National Institute of Science and Technology for Emerging and Reemerging Viruses.

To build climate-resilient livestock systems, public policies must be informed by bioclimatic zoning, enabling region-specific interventions and more efficient resource allocation. This study aimed to conduct bioclimatic zoning for dairy cattle farming in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Big data analysis techniques and predictive geostatistical modeling were applied to historical (2012–2023) and future climate scenarios under intermediate (RCP4.5) and high-intensity (RCP8.5) greenhouse gas emissions. Kriging maps of THI revealed a decreasing north–south thermal gradient, with values exceeding 80 during critical years. Milk yield losses were more pronounced in high-producing cows, reaching up to 5 kg/cow/day under extreme heat. Areas identified as drought-prone exhibited spatial patterns consistent with THI distributions. The projections indicate that, under the RCP 4.5 scenario, over 60% of Maranhão will exhibit average THI values between 78 and 81 by the end of the century. Under the RCP 8.5 scenario, large areas of the state are expected to reach THI values above 86. Under these conditions, estimated milk production losses may exceed 4 kg/cow/day for moderate-yielding animals and 9 kg/cow/day for high-yielding ones, respectively. The results reinforce the importance of bioclimatic zoning to support informed policymaking in the context of climate change.