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The objective of this study was to evaluate the ozone saturation process in a column containing peanuts and the effect on product quality. Peanuts with a moisture content of about 6.8% (w.b.) were used, packed in cylindrical PVC containers with 1.10 m in height and 15 cm in diameter. Ozone was injected into the base of the cylindrical column and the corresponding values adopted for the heights of the grain columns were 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 m. The peanuts were ozonized at concentrations of 1.59 and 2.78 mg L^sup -1^, a temperature of 25 °C and a gas flow rate of 5.0 L min^sup -1^. The ozone saturation times and concentrations were determined and also the quality of the ozonized peanuts. For peanut kernels ozonated at a concentration of 1.59 mg L^sup -1^, saturation times ranging between 222 and 449 min were obtained. Regarding the C^sub Sat^/C^sub 0^ ratio, values between 0.32 and 0.48 were obtained. For peanut kernels ozonated at a concentration of 2.78 mg L^sup -1^, saturation times between 78 and 251 min were obtained, and the C^sub Sat^/C^sub 0^ ratio for an initial concentration of 2.78 mg L^sup -1^ was between 0.46 and 0.81. It was concluded from the results that an increase in height of the peanut kernel column resulted in an increased saturation time and decreased saturation concentration. There was no change in product quality during the ozonation process.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ozone saturation process in a column containing peanuts and the effect on product quality. Peanuts with a moisture content of about 6.8% (w.b.) were used, packed in cylindrical PVC containers with 1.10 m in height and 15 cm in diameter. Ozone was injected into the base of the cylindrical column and the corresponding values adopted for the heights of the grain columns were 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 m. The peanuts were ozonized at concentrations of 1.59 and 2.78 mg L super( -1), a temperature of 25 degree C and a gas flow rate of 5.0 L min super( -1). The ozone saturation times and concentrations were determined and also the quality of the ozonized peanuts. For peanut kernels ozonated at a concentration of 1.59 mg L super( -1), saturation times ranging between 222 and 449 min were obtained. Regarding the C sub( Sat)/C sub( 0) ratio, values between 0.32 and 0.48 were obtained. For peanut kernels ozonated at a concentration of 2.78 mg L super( -1), saturation times between 78 and 251 min were obtained, and the C sub( Sat)/C sub( 0) ratio for an initial concentration of 2.78 mg L super( -1) was between 0.46 and 0.81. It was concluded from the results that an increase in height of the peanut kernel column resulted in an increased saturation time and decreased saturation concentration. There was no change in product quality during the ozonation process.

Cultivated tomato, Solanum lycopersicum , is one of the most common fruits in the global food industry. Together with the wild tomato Solanum pennellii , it is widely used for developing better cultivars. MicroRNAs affect mRNA regulation, inhibiting its translation and/or promoting its degradation. Important proteins involved in these processes are ARGONAUTE and DICER. This study aimed to identify and characterize the genes involved in the miRNA processing pathway, miRNA molecules and target genes in both species. We validated the presence of pathway genes and miRNA in different NGS libraries and 6 miRNA families using quantitative RT-PCR. We identified 71 putative proteins in S . lycopersicum and 108 in S . pennellii likely involved in small RNAs processing. Of these, 29 and 32 participate in miRNA processing pathways, respectively. We identified 343 mature miRNAs, 226 pre-miRNAs in 87 families, including 192 miRNAs, which were not previously identified, belonging to 38 new families in S . lycopersicum . In S . pennellii , we found 388 mature miRNAs and 234 pre-miRNAs contained in 85 families. All miRNAs found in S . pennellii were unpublished, being identified for the first time in our study. Furthermore, we identified 2471 and 3462 different miRNA target in S. lycopersicum and S . pennellii , respectively.

Selenium has been proven to influence several biological functions, showing to be an essential micronutrient. The functional studies demonstrated the benefits of a balanced selenium diet and how its deficiency is associated with diverse diseases, especially cancer and viral diseases. Selenium is an antioxidant, protecting the cells from damage, enhancing the immune system response, preventing cardiovascular diseases, and decreasing inflammation. Selenium can be found in its inorganic and organic forms, and its main form in the cells is the selenocysteine incorporated into selenoproteins. Twenty-five selenoproteins are currently known in the human genome: glutathione peroxidases, iodothyronine deiodinases, thioredoxin reductases, selenophosphate synthetase, and other selenoproteins. These proteins lead to the transport of selenium in the tissues, protect against oxidative damage, contribute to the stress of the endoplasmic reticulum, and control inflammation. Due to these functions, there has been growing interest in the influence of polymorphisms in selenoproteins in the last two decades. Selenoproteins’ gene polymorphisms may influence protein structure and selenium concentration in plasma and its absorption and even impact the development and progression of certain diseases. This review aims to elucidate the role of selenoproteins and understand how their gene polymorphisms can influence the balance of physiological conditions. In this polymorphism review, we focused on the PubMed database, with only articles published in English between 2003 and 2023. The keywords used were “selenoprotein” and “polymorphism”. Articles that did not approach the theme subject were excluded. Selenium and selenoproteins still have a long way to go in molecular studies, and several works demonstrated the importance of their polymorphisms as a risk biomarker for some diseases, especially cardiovascular and thyroid diseases, diabetes, and cancer.

IntroductionInfertility is a complex condition that affects millions worldwide, with significant physical, emotional and social implications. Mobile apps have emerged as potential tools to assist in the management of infertility by offering features such as menstrual cycle tracking, ovulation prediction, fertility education, lifestyle modification guidance and emotional support, thereby promoting reproductive health. Despite promising advancements such as the development of apps with sophisticated algorithms for ovulation prediction and comprehensive platforms offering integrated fertility education and emotional support, there remain gaps in the literature regarding the comprehensive evaluation of mobile apps for reproductive endocrinology and infertility. This scoping review distinguishes itself by systematically mapping and synthesising evidence on mobile apps specifically for reproductive endocrinology and infertility, unlike previous reviews that may not have focused exclusively on this intersection. This review aims to analyse recent trends, identify outcomes used to assess usability and highlight knowledge gaps.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will adhere to the methodological frameworks outlined by Arksey and O'Malley and Levac et al, alongside the Joanna Briggs Institute’s recommendations. The research question, ‘What is known about mobile apps in reproductive health and infertility?’ was formulated using the Population, Concept, Context (PCC) strategy. We will include studies published from January 2019 to April 2024 in English, Portuguese and Spanish that focus on the use of mobile apps in reproductive health and infertility. Searches will be conducted across electronic databases (EMBASE, ERIC, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature sources. Two independent reviewers will carry out the study selection using Covidence software. Data extraction will follow a standardised format and will be synthesised narratively using tables and graphs. Expert consultations will be conducted to validate the findings.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this scoping review as it will only use published data. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal, conference presentations and stakeholder meetings. The review protocol will be registered with the Open Science Framework to ensure transparency and reproducibility.

This study investigated whether supplying rumen-protected lysine (RPL), alone or in combination with tannins, could modify the fatty acid (FA) profile, physicochemical characteristics, carcass traits, and sensory attributes of lamb meat. Forty Santa Inês × Dorper lambs (≈23 kg, 4 months old) were assigned to four dietary treatments for 55 days: a control diet, free lysine (0.44%), RPL microencapsulated in a carnauba-wax matrix, and RPL + tannins blend (1.34%). Feed intake, carcass weight, and quantitative carcass measurements did not differ among treatments (p > 0.05). Likewise, pH, color, proximate composition, water-holding capacity, cooking losses, and shear force remained unchanged. Dietary supplementation influenced the FA composition of the meat. RPL, especially when added with tannins, increased concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (C18:2 cis–9, trans–11), eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 n–3), and docosahexaenoic acids (C22:6 n–3), improving the n–6:n–3 ratio (p < 0.05). The sum and ratio of other FA and cardiometabolic indices were not altered. Lipid oxidation was reduced in RPL treatments, indicating enhanced oxidative stability. Sensory attributes scores were not affected (p > 0.05), ranging from “liked slightly” to “liked very much”. RPL, particularly when combined with tannins, improved specific health-related FA without adversely affecting carcass characteristics or consumer acceptance.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an insecticide, induces pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic effects in animal cells. Contamination with CPF occurs not only in farms, since CPF is found in the food consumed in homes. Recently, it was demonstrated that CPF affects the mitochondria, inhibiting components of the electron transfer chain (ETC), causing loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reducing the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the Complex V. Pinocembrin (PB) is found in propolis and exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in mammalian cells. PB is a potent inducer of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is a major transcription factor controlling the expression of heme oxygease-1 (HO-1), among others. In the present work, we investigated whether PB would be able to prevent the mitochondrial and immune dysfunctions in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to CPF. PB was tested at 1–25 µM for 4 h before the administration of CPF at 100 µM for additional 24 h. We found that PB prevented the CPF-induced inhibition of ETC, loss of MMP, and decline in the ATP synthesis. PB also promoted anti-inflammatory actions in this experimental model. Silencing of Nrf2 or inhibition of HO-1 suppressed the PB-induced effects in the CPF-challenged cells. Thus, PB promoted beneficial effects by a mechanism dependent on the Nrf2/HO-1/CO + BR axis in the CPF-treated cells.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report and rank orthodontic finishing errors recorded in the clinical phase of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) examination and correlate pretreatment case complexity with orthodontic treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods: This single-center cross-sectional survey collected retrospective data from the clinical phase of BBO examinations between 2016 and 2023. The quality of orthodontic clinical outcomes of each case was assessed by means of the Cast-Radiograph Evaluation (CRE), while case complexity was evaluated using the Discrepancy Index (DI), both tools provided by the American Board of Orthodontics. Survey items were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and a correlation analysis between total CRE and DI scores (p<0.05) was also performed. Results: A total of 447 orthodontic records was included. Orthodontic finishing errors were often observed, and no case was completely perfect. In the total CRE score, an average of 15 points was discounted for each case. Most frequently found issues involved problems with alignment, buccolingual inclination, marginal ridge, and occlusal relationship. The median DI score for initial case complexity was 22.0 (range 10.0 - 67.0). There was no significant correlation between the DI and CRE scores (p=0.106). Conclusion: Orthodontic finishing errors are inevitable, even in well-finished board-approved cases. Rotation, excessive buccolingual inclination, and discrepancies in marginal ridges are the most frequently observed areas of concern, in that order. Moreover, while case complexity, determined by DI, can impact orthodontic planning and pose challenges for clinicians, the study did not consider it a determining factor in predicting treatment outcomes. RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as principais falhas de finalização ortodôntica registradas pelo Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (BBO) e correlacionar a severidade inicial do caso com a qualidade da finalização ortodôntica. Material e Métodos: Esse estudo transversal unicêntrico coletou dados retrospectivos obtidos durante a Fase II dos exames do BBO, entre 2016 e 2023. A qualidade da finalização ortodôntica foi avaliada pelo Sistema Objetivo de Avaliação (SOA), e a severidade inicial do caso, pelo Índice do Grau de Complexidade (IGC), ambas ferramentas do American Board of Orthodontics. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, e a análise de correlação entre os escores do SOA e IGC foi calculada (p < 0,05). Resultados: 447 casos ortodônticos foram incluídos. Falhas de finalização ortodôntica foram detectadas em todos os casos. Em média, 15 pontos foram descontados no escore final do SOA. As falhas mais comuns envolveram problemas de alinhamento, inclinação vestibulolingual, e nivelamento das cristas marginais. O escore médio do IGC foi de 22,0 (amplitude: 10,0 - 67,0). Não houve correlação significativa entre os escores de IGC e SOA (p = 0,106). Conclusão: As falhas de finalização ortodôntica são inevitáveis, mesmo em casos aprovados pelo BBO. Rotação, inclinação vestibulolingual excessiva e desníveis nas cristas marginais, nessa ordem, são as áreas que merecem mais atenção. Além disso, a severidade inicial do caso, determinada pelo IGC, não foi considerada um fator determinante na predição da qualidade final do tratamento, embora ela possa impactar o planejamento e representar desafios para os clínicos.

Tannins are compounds present in forage plants that, in small quantities in the diet of ruminants, produce protein complexes that promote passage through the rumen and use in the intestine. This study tested the hypothesis that beeswax (BW) and carnauba wax (CW) lipid matrices are effective encapsulants for creating bypass lysine (Lys) for ruminants, with tannin extracted from the Mimosa tenuiflora hay source enhancing material protection. Microencapsulated systems were made using the fusion–emulsification technique with a 2:1 shell-to-core ratio and four tannin levels (0%, 1%, 2%; 3%). The following eight treatments were tested: BWLys0%, BWLys1%, BWLys2%, BWLys3%, CWLys0%, CWLys1%, CWLys2%, and CWLys3%. Tannin inclusion improved microencapsulation yield and efficiency. CWLys3% had the highest microencapsulation efficiency and retained Lys. Lysine in BW and CW matrices showed higher thermal stability than in its free form. Material retention was greater in BW than CW. Rumen pH and temperature remained unaffected, indicating that BW and CW as the shell and tannin as the adjuvant are efficient encapsulants for Lys bypass production. The formulation CWLys3% is recommended as it is more efficient in protecting the lysin amino acid from rumen degradation.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of microencapsulated Hymenaea martiana bark extract (HM‐BE) on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of lamb burgers. Five treatments were evaluated: CON (control, no added antioxidant), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene; 0.01 g BHT/100 g fat), and three levels of HM‐BE inclusion: HM‐BE0.11 (0.11 g/100 g meat batter (MB)), HM‐BE0.55 (0.55 g/100 g MB), and HM‐BE1.1 (1.1 g/100 g MB). The following parameters were assessed: proximate composition (moisture, protein, fat, and ash), texture profile, cooking loss, water‐holding capacity, and sensory attributes. In addition, instrumental color ( L ∗ , a ∗ , b ∗ ), pH, and lipid oxidation (TBARS) were monitored on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 of refrigerated storage. The extract had no effect on proximate composition or texture profile ( p > 0.05). However, L ∗ values were significantly affected by both antioxidant source and storage duration ( p < 0.0001). Lipid oxidation was effectively delayed by the extract, with HM‐BE0.55 and HM‐BE1.1 showing the greatest antioxidative capacity, while HM‐BE0.11 demonstrated activity comparable to BHT. In sensory analysis, HM‐BE1.1 achieved the highest scores for appearance, aroma, and flavor ( p < 0.01). In conclusion, HM‐BE proved effective in improving oxidative stability and sensory acceptance of lamb burgers without compromising proximate composition or texture. The extract showed performance comparable or superior to BHT, confirming its potential as a natural alternative to synthetic antioxidants in meat products and supporting its use in the development of healthier, clean‐label formulations.