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The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a major arthropod pest that causes substantial economic losses in strawberry and other crops worldwide. Its management often relies on intensive acaricide applications, which may negatively affect human health, the environment, and beneficial organisms. Biological control using predatory mites has been widely adopted under greenhouse conditions, and its success is influenced by several factors, particularly temperature, T. urticae population density, and predator release methods. During the 2023–2024 season, this study evaluated the effects of ambient greenhouse temperature on the population dynamics of T. urticae and on the efficacy of two phytoseiid predators, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) and Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot). The predators were released individually and in combination on strawberry plants. The efficacy of single and combined releases was assessed under three temperature ranges: 25–27 °C, 28–30 °C, and 30–32 °C. The results showed that the mean number of motile T. urticae per plant increased from 21.7 to 95.66, while the mean number per leaf increased from 2.33 to 6.05 during the experimental period. The mean greenhouse temperature ranged from 23.83 °C to 31.88 °C. Temperature was strongly and positively correlated with T. urticae population density, with higher temperatures generally accelerating development and population growth. Both predator species, whether released individually or in combination, significantly reduced T. urticae populations compared with untreated control plants. Amblyseius swirskii demonstrated greater efficacy than P. persimilis at temperatures above 28 °C. However, the combined release consistently achieved the highest level of mite suppression across all temperature ranges. Significantly greater population reduction was observed at approximately 25–26 °C compared with single-species releases, while maximum effectiveness occurred at temperatures above 28 °C. These findings indicate that the combined use of P. persimilis and A. swirskii represents an effective biological control strategy for managing T. urticae in greenhouse-grown strawberries, particularly under elevated and fluctuating temperature conditions.

Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the setting of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has important prognostic and therapeutic consequences. We estimated the prevalence of PAH among patients with ESRD treated with automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), investigated the effect of different variables and compared pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac function at the beginning and end of the study. Methods This is a 5-year study in which 31 ESRD patients on APD were recruited after fulfilling inclusion criteria. Blood samples were collected from all patients for the biochemical and hematological data at the beginning of the study and every month and at the study termination. Total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were calculated using Watson’s and Bird’s calculation methods. All patients were followed-up at 3-month interval for cardiac evaluation. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relation between different variables and PAH. Results The mean age of the study population ( n  = 31) was 51.23 ± 15.24 years. PAH was found in 24.2% of the patients. Mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) were significantly higher in the APD patients at study initiation than at the end of the study (40.75  +  10.61 vs 23.55  +  9.20 and 29.66  +  11.35 vs 18.24  +  6.75 mmHg respectively, p  = 0.001). The median ejection fraction was significantly lower in patients with PAH at zero point than at study termination [31% (27-34) vs 50% (46-52), p  = 0.002]. Hypervolemia decreased significantly at the end of study ( p  <  0.001) and correlated positively with the PAP (r = 0.371 and r = 0.369), p = 0.002). sPAP correlated with left ventricular mass index, hemoglobin level, and duration on APD. Conclusions Long term APD ( > 1 years) seemed to decrease pulmonary arterial pressure, right atrial pressure and improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Risk factors for PAH in ESRD were hypervolemia, abnormal ECHO findings and low hemoglobin levels. Clinical and echocardiographic abnormalities and complications are not uncommon among ESRD patients with PAH. Identification of those patients on transthoracic echocardiography may warrant further attention to treatment with APD.

We report a case of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) in a 65-year-old female patient who presented to the emergency department with uncontrolled hypertension, generalized edema, abdominal distension, and frothy urine. Apart from recently diagnosed hypertension, she had no significant comorbidities. Examination revealed periorbital swelling, bibasal crackles, moderate ascites, and bilateral lower limb pitting edema. Laboratory findings showed proteinuria, low complement levels, elevated IgM, decreased IgG, and the presence of cryoglobulins. Imaging and PET-CT ruled out malignancy. Kidney biopsy revealed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with cryoglobulin deposition and vasculitis. Bone marrow biopsy confirmed plasma cell dyscrasia with kappa light chain restriction. Despite suspicion of Waldenström macroglobulinemia or IgM myeloma, cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization were negative. The patient was treated with rituximab and corticosteroids, with complete resolution of ascites, edema, and proteinuria. This case highlights an uncommon presentation of IgM kappa-related MGRS with type I cryoglobulinemia.

This study aimed to coexist with salinity by using water of different salinity in the presence of decomposed animal manure. Experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Station/Agricultural Research Office in Iraq to study different water types in the presence of increasing animal organic fertilizers. Nutrient preparation and barley plant growth and production. The experiment was conducted in the design (RCBD) The results showed the superiority of 35 t ha −1 of animal organic fertilizer as the nitrogen and phosphorus availability EC in the soil was 45.11, 25.68 mg kg −1 , and 3.99 dS m −1 . The 35 t ha −1 organic fertilizer treatment also had better characteristics (plant height, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield), (66.15 cm, 43.88 grains, 2.96 μg ha −1 , and 10.99 μg ha −1 ) was given each. Comparison with control treatment. Irrigation water treatment resulted in a mixture of 3.3 dS m −1 , which was higher than 6.5 dS m −1 for saline water treatment and lower than 1.4 dS m −1 for sweet water treatment. There were no significant differences in all the characteristics, and the values of (nitrogen and phosphorus availability, EC, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, biological yield) were (36.89, 20.99 mg kg −1 , 63.05 cm, and 38.58). cereals, 2.74 and 9.65 µg ha −1 , respectively).

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications play a vital role in global healthcare systems by offering accessible treatment options for minor ailments. However, the growing use of OTC drugs in Iraq raises concerns regarding pharmacists' knowledge, safety perceptions, and dispensing practices. A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted among 529 licensed pharmacists from January to March 2025 across all major Iraqi regions. The questionnaire assessed demographics, familiarity with OTC drugs, safety attitudes, and dispensing behaviors. Most participants (95.4%) reported familiarity with OTC medications and frequent encounters with self-medicating patients, particularly in the Central and Southern regions. NSAIDs were the most commonly recommended OTC category (71.8%). Significant regional differences were observed in familiarity, frequency of self-medication, and safety perceptions (p = 0.0071, 0.00088, and 0.045, respectively). Pharmacists with less than 5 years of experience were more likely to report adverse drug reactions (p = 0.0332) and to inquire about patients' OTC use (p = 0.1035). Overall, younger pharmacists and those practicing in the Kurdistan region demonstrated greater familiarity with OTC medicines, while neutral safety perceptions and practice in Southern Iraq were associated with lower familiarity. Iraqi pharmacists demonstrate generally strong awareness and proactive attitudes toward OTC medication use. Nonetheless, gaps remain in adverse reaction reporting and drug interaction recognition. Implementing standardized continuing education and structured OTC safety training could enhance practice consistency and promote safer self-medication behaviors nationwide.

A field experiment was conduct in Agricultural Research Office fields / Al-Dibuni Research Station in Wasit-at spring season of 2020 in Clay Loam soil. The study aim effect of different fertilizers types in nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium concentrations and protein content in corn. A Factorial Experiment Design was used, including three levels of phosphorous fertilizer DAP (0, 25, 50 KgP 2 O 5 ha-1) representing levels P0 P1 P2, two levels of organic fertilizer were 0, 4 ton ha −1 representing M0, M1 and two levels of bio fertilizer which were B0, B1 respectively, According to the RCBD design with three replications. Corn seeds class 106 ( Zea mays L.) sowed in plots (2*2m 2 ) at amount of (120 Kg seeds ha −1 ). The Results showed that mineral, organic and bio fertilizers addition individually affected significantly of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration in dry matter, grains and protein content also, as the level P2, M1 and B1 was the best concentration compared to level P0, M0 and B0 respectively. Results showed the double interactions factors M1B1caused a significant increasing in nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium concentration in the dry matter, with increasing percentage 111.94, 161.53 and 85.44% in sequence compared with control treatment, and the same treatment M1B1 significantly affected the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the grains, with increasing percentage 120.91 and 86.36% respectively, Comparison with control treatment, also noticed M1B1 treatment had a significant effect on protein content, with an increase percentage 121.46% compared to control treatment. Results showed the triple interactions P2M1B1 achieved affected significantly in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration in dry matter and grains, with increased percentage 142.86, 208.33 and 112.00%, respectively, compared with control treatment in dry matter, with increases of 145.33, 109.52 and 92.96% respectively compared with control treatment in grains. Results showed, that P2M1B1 treatment achieved affected significantly in protein content, with an increase percentage 144.68% compared to control treatment.

IgG4 related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by tissue invasion with IgG4-producing plasma cells, resulting in tissue dysfunction. IgG4-RD can affect the kidney in various forms, including renal mass, tubulointerstitial disease, and glomerulonephritis. IgG4-RD can mimic other autoimmune diseases and neoplasms, and as such, maintaining a high index of suspicion is the key to timely diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we present a case of IgG4-RD that presented with pseudotumor and severe renal dysfunction that progressed to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), associated with a rare finding of renal vein thrombosis (RVT).

Recent international reports have shown significant changes in the incidence of different glomerular diseases. Examine temporal and demographic trends of biopsy-diagnosed glomerular diseases in the adult population of Saudi Arabia over the last two decades. Medical record review. Four tertiary medical centers in Saudi Arabia. We identified all patients that underwent native kidney biopsy between 1998 and 2017. The frequency and the disease trends in four biopsy eras (1998-2002, 2003-2007, 2008-2011, and 2012-2017) for different glomerular diseases. 1070 patients, 18-65 years of age; 54.1% female. Of 1760 patients who underwent native kidney biopsies, 1070 met inclusion criteria. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most common biopsy-diagnosed disease, with comparable frequencies over the four eras (23.6%, 19.8%, 24.1%, and 17.1, respectively [ P value for trend=.07]). The frequency of immunoglobulin A nephropathy increased progressively. The incidence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis declined significantly. Among the secondary types of glomerular diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus-associated lupus nephritis was the most common, followed by diabetic nephropathy. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy increased from 1.4% in the first era to 10.2% in the last one. Trends in biopsy-diagnosed glomerular disease have changed. While focal segmental glomerulosclerosis remains the most common glomerular disease, there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of immunoglobulin A nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy. In contrast, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis has declined. Retrospective methodologies are vulnerable to lost data. None.

In recent years, researchers have paid special attention to religiosity and the practice of religious beliefs. If people put religiosity at the forefront of their affairs and maintain the roots of religion in various aspects of work and family life, they will see God present and watchful in doing all things, and the result of such a vision will be the successful performance of deeds and walking the path of perfection. Having a heartfelt belief in the value of work and adhering to it will result in a greater desire to work. Religiosity is a variable that can be related to job variables. In addition, it can play an important role in the behaviours of employees. In Islam, work is a virtue and is necessary to balance the personal and social life of the individual. Given the importance of this issue, the present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Islamic religiosity and job satisfaction of Muslim teachers in Malaysia. In total, 2200 Muslim teachers of Kuala Lumpur and Penang were selected for the study by simple random sampling. Data were collected by using standard questionnaires and analysed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). According to the results, there was a significant and positive relationship between teachers’ Islamic religiosity and job satisfaction as P = 0.784 and T = 0.000 which was less than the Sig level of 0.05.Contribution: According to Islamic teachings, working for a Muslim is like worship. Based on the findings of this research, teachers with higher Islamic religiosity enjoy higher job satisfaction.