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The inhibitory effects a range of synthetic and natural antioxidants on lipid peroxidation of egg yolk and erythrocyte membranes induced by a free radical generator 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was compared, with significant differences being found between both systems. When the protection by selected antioxidants against the effects of AAPH on erythrocytes (hemolysis, oxidation of hemoglobin and glutathione (GSH) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)) was studied, most antioxidants were protective, but in some tests (oxidation of hemoglobin and GSH) some acted as prooxidants, inducing oxidation in the absence of AAPH and enhancing the AAPH-induced oxidation. These results demonstrate a diversified action of antioxidants in different systems and point to a need for careful extrapolation of any conclusions drawn from one parameter or experimental system to another.