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Emissions‐driven (prognostic CO2) simulations are essential for representing two‐way carbon‐climate feedback in Earth System Models. We present an emissions‐driven land–atmosphere coupled biogeochemistry (BGC) configuration (BGCLNDATM_progCO2) in version 2.1 of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv2.1). This is the first E3SM configuration that performs land‐atmosphere emission‐hindcasts. Here, we document its implementation, evaluate the model's performance against observations and other models, and propose a structured evaluation protocol for such emissions‐driven simulations. We conducted transient historical simulations (1850–2014) with BGCLNDATM_progCO2 and compare them to reference simulations—a land‐atmosphere coupled simulation without BGC and a standalone land simulation with BGC, both using prescribed CO2 concentrations—and to observations. BGCLNDATM_progCO2 overestimates atmospheric CO2 concentrations by 11–23 ppm yet stays within the 40‐ppm spread CMIP6 emission‐driven models and retains physical climate properties comparable to the reference runs. The CO2 biases are partly attributed to underrepresented oceanic CO2 uptake and inadequate representations of some terrestrial processes. In general, introducing prognostic CO2 did not change physical climate metrics at the global scale but had larger regional effects, particularly over land where spatially heterogeneous CO2 and prognostic leaf area index influenced surface energy balance. Finally, we propose a general evaluation protocol including spin‐up assessment, atmospheric CO2 benchmarking, physical climate evaluation, and land biogeochemical analysis to support scientific rigor and facilitate inter‐model comparisons. The new configuration lays the groundwork for future enhancements, including improved terrestrial biogeochemical processes, integrated marine biogeochemistry, and additional human–Earth system interactions. These developments advance E3SM toward fully coupled emissions‐driven simulations, enabling more accurate carbon–climate feedback projections and informing mitigation policy by providing physically consistent carbon‐budget metrics for mitigation scenarios. Plain Language Summary Understanding the impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on climate is vital for predicting future changes and crafting effective policies. Earth System Models (ESMs) are essential tools for simulating Earth's climate and assessing various influencing factors. In this study, we extended the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM)'s capabilities so that CO2 levels are calculated directly from human and natural emissions instead of being prescribed as a single global value. This extension allows for a more realistic representation of CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and land. We conducted historical simulations from 1850 to 2014 using this new development and compared results with observations and other models. Our model slightly overestimates atmospheric CO2 levels compared to measurements but is comparable to other models in capturing key climate features. To help other researchers build and test similar “emission‐driven” models, we created a step‐by‐step evaluation framework that checks CO2 behavior, climate variables, and land‐atmosphere interactions. Our work advances E3SM modeling by accurately representing how CO2 emissions affect Earth's systems. This enhancement lays the groundwork for modeling interactions between human‐Earth interactions, thereby enabling future studies that can inform mitigation and adaption. Key Points Implemented emissions‐driven land–atmosphere biogeochemistry in E3SMv2.1 (BGCLNDATM_progCO2), enabling prognostic CO2 simulations Established a structured evaluation protocol ensuring scientific rigor and facilitating inter‐model comparisons of model performance Emissions‐driven BGCLNDATM_progCO2 simulations maintain a physical climate similar to reference runs with prescribed CO2 concentrations

A growing, global conversation, regarding realities and challenges that parents experience today is ever-present. To understand recent parent’s attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions regarding infant feeding, we sought to systematically identify and synthesize original qualitative research findings. Following the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) framework, electronic databases were searched with a priori terms applied to title/abstract fields and limited to studies published in English from 2015 to 2019, inclusive. Study quality assessment was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist, and thematic analyses performed. Of 73 studies meeting inclusion criteria, four major themes emerged. (1) Breastfeeding is best for an infant; (2) Distinct attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of mothers that breastfeed, and those that could not or chose not to breastfeed, are evident; (3) Infant feeding behaviors are influenced by the socio-cultural environment of the family, and (4) Parent’s expectations of education and support addressing personal infant feeding choices from health care providers are not always met. This systematic review, guided by constructs within behavioral models and theories, provides updated findings to help inform the development of nutrition education curricula and public policy programs. Results can be applied within scale-up nutrition and behavioral education interventions that support parents during infant feeding.

This study contributes to the development of a positive framework for effective public schools in 2 ways. First, it advances the construct self-regulatory climate as consisting of 3 generative school norms-collective faculty trust in students, collective student trust in teachers, and student-perceived academic emphasis. The authors argue these norms signal a school climate supportive of student psychological needs. Second, they test the predictive validity of self-regulatory climate by empirically examining its relationship with school performance. Results of structural equation modeling support the theory that collective faculty trust in students, collective student trust in teachers, and student-perceived academic emphasis combine to form a self-regulatory climate that has positive consequences for urban school performance.

The preparation of ruthenium complexes with novel 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) ligands bearing four carboxylic acid groups was investigated with a view to creating dyes containing more than two potential anchoring groups per bpy unit for attachment to a titania surface. Synthetic challenges are encountered upon using the 2,2′‐bipyridine‐3,3′,4,4′‐tetracarboxylic acid ligand because it readily decarboxylates. The use of the methyl esterified derivative (3) proved to be more successful for complex preparation, with a robust preparation of the [Ru(3)2Cl2] complex identified with diglyme as the solvent. This complex was further converted into the thiocyanato complex, [Ru(3)2(NCS)2], which could not be completely de‐esterified. X‐ray analysis of crystals obtained from a mixture of isomers for this complex provided data for the S,S‐ and N,S‐coordinated isomers; both showed a twisted arrangement of the pyridine rings in the 2,2′‐bipyridine‐3,3′,4,4′‐tetracarboxylic acid ligand, owing to steric hinderance. Conversely, the isosteric 2,2′‐bipyridine‐4,4′,5,5′‐tetracarboxylic acid ligand was easily converted into the desired [Ru(2)2(NCS)2] complex through a standard one‐pot procedure in N,N‐dimethylformamide solvent. All of the complexes presented herein exhibit a significant redshift for the metal to ligand charge‐transfer bands, relative to the benchmark ruthenium dye N719 and derivatives thereof. All complexes exhibit a quasi‐reversible process for the ruthenium(II/III) couple at approximately 0.4 V versus the ferrocene couple, comparable to analogous ruthenium dyes. Shifting the absorption limit: Homoleptic ruthenium dyes carrying four carboxylate groups per 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) ligand were synthesized. In these analogues to classical N3 and N719 dyes, the additional carboxylate groups at bpy positions 3 and 3′ cause the torsion angle of the aromatic rings to increases to almost 35° (see figure) from an almost planar arrangement in N3, and a redshift in the UV/Vis absorptions of the metal to ligand charge‐transfer bands.

This study introduces a novel framework to model cost overruns associated with four key stakeholders in nuclear power plant construction: equipment suppliers, construction subcontractors, the design and management team, and creditors. The framework estimates the share of overruns caused by each stakeholder and the share of overruns they receive as payment. The results show that the share of cost overruns a given stakeholder causes and the share of overruns they receive as payment are often starkly different, which can lead to profit misallocations and litigation between parties, further exacerbating overruns. The magnitude of these potential profit misallocations is examined under three common contract structures - fixed-price, cost-plus, and performance-based - revealing the advantages and disadvantages of each framework for aligning stakeholder incentives. Regardless of the contract type chosen, strong owner involvement is crucial for project success, and the study concludes with specific recommendations for project owners seeking to minimize cost overruns.