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Stable encapsulation of medically active compounds can lead to longer storage life and facilitate the slow-release mechanism. In this work, the dynamic and molecular interactions between plumbagin molecule with β-cyclodextrin (BCD) and its two derivatives, which are dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD), and 2-O-monohydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) were investigated. Molecular dynamics simulations (MD) with GLYCAM-06 and AMBER force fields were used to simulate the inclusion complex systems under storage temperature (4 °C) in an aqueous solution. The simulation results suggested that HPBCD is the best encapsulation agent to produce stable host–guest binding with plumbagin. Moreover, the observation of the plumbagin dynamic inside the binding cavity revealed that it tends to orient the methyl group toward the wider rim of HPBCD. Therefore, HPBCD is a decent candidate for the preservation of plumbagin with a promising longer storage life and presents the opportunity to facilitate the slow-release mechanism.

This study developed a novel and highly active heterogeneous catalyst of nickel nanoparticles supported on β-cyclodextrin-grafted magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (Ni@β-CD@Fe 3 O 4 ). β-CD, a biodegradable, biocompatible, green, and non-toxic cyclic oligosaccharide, was modified with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles to create β-CD@Fe 3 O 4 . The nickel was then immobilized onto this support. The catalyst was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TEM, AAS, FE-SEM, TGA, EDX, DRS-UV-Vis spectra, and VSM techniques. The catalytic activity of Ni@β-CD@Fe 3 O 4 was evaluated for the reduction of nitroarene compounds in water at 25 ℃. This nanocatalyst indicated great activity and selectivity in reducing various nitroarenes, including nitrobenzene, nitroaniline, nitrotoluene, and nitrophenol derivatives. Additionally, the catalyst showed significant reusability and could be easily separated using an external magnet, highlighting its potential for green chemistry and sustainable industrial applications.

This study aimed to prepare anti-Staphylococcus aureus inclusion complexes (ICs) of Hinoki essential oil (HEO) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD). An ultrasound-assisted kneading method was applied for the complexation for the first time. The recovery yield, embedding fraction and loading capacity of the HEO/β-CD ICs were 92.5%, 78.0% and 11.9%, respectively, while the corresponding values were 80.8%, 73.7% and 12.9% for the HEO/2-HP-β-CD ICs. As well, a comparative study confirmed the efficiency of the ultrasound-assisted kneading method was higher than the traditional kneading method. The results of SEM, XRD, GC-MS and FT-IR suggested the successful formation of ICs. A significant anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of the fabricated ICs was demonstrated using a colony counting method. Notably, when the dose in liquid culture medium was 20 g L−1, inhibitory rates of 99.8% for HEO/β-CD ICs and 100% for HEO/2-HP-β-CD ICs were achieved. Furthermore, the hydrophilic property of the ICs was proved by water contact angle measurements, implying they have the potential to act as anti-Staphylococcus aureus agents for blending with hydrophilic biodegradable materials for diverse food packaging utilizations.

Background/Objectives: Rivaroxaban, an oral anticoagulant, shows poor aqueous solubility, posing significant challenges to its bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency. The present study investigates the improvement of rivaroxaban’s solubility through the formation of different inclusion complexes with three cyclodextrin derivatives, such as β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Me-β-CD), and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) prepared by lyophilization in order to stabilize the complexes and improve dissolution characteristics of rivaroxaban. Methods: The physicochemical properties of the individual compounds and the three lyophilized complexes were analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results: FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of non-covalent interactions between rivaroxaban and the cyclodextrins, suggesting successful encapsulation into cyclodextrin cavity. SEM images revealed a significant morphological transformation from the crystalline structure of pure rivaroxaban and cyclodextrins morphologies to a more porous and amorphous matrix in all lyophilized complexes. XRD patterns indicated a noticeable reduction in drug crystallinity, supporting enhanced potential of the drug solubility. TGA analysis demonstrated improved thermal stability in the inclusion complexes compared to the individual drug and cyclodextrins. Pharmacotechnical evaluation revealed that the obtained formulations (by comparison with physical mixtures formulations) possessed favorable bulk and tapped density values, suitable compressibility index, and good flow properties, making all suitable for direct compression into solid dosage forms. Conclusions: The improved cyclodextrins formulation characteristics, combined with enhanced dissolution profiles of rivaroxaban comparable to commercial Xarelto® 10 mg, highlight the potential of both cyclodextrin inclusion and lyophilization technique as synergistic strategies for enhancing the solubility and drug release of rivaroxaban.

The bacterial mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) has been extensively studied to understand how mechanical forces are converted into the conformational changes that underlie mechanosensitive (MS) channel gating. We showed that lipid removal by β-cyclodextrin can mimic membrane tension. Here, we show that all cyclodextrins (CDs) can activate reconstituted Escherichia coli MscS, that MscS activation by CDs depends on CD-mediated lipid removal, and that the CD amount required to gate MscS scales with the channel’s sensitivity to membrane tension. Importantly, cholesterol-loaded CDs do not activate MscS. CD-mediated lipid removal ultimately causes MscS desensitization, which we show is affected by the lipid environment. While many MS channels respond to membrane forces, generalized by the “force-from-lipids” principle, their different molecular architectures suggest that they use unique ways to convert mechanical forces into conformational changes. To test whether CDs can also be used to activate other MS channels, we chose to investigate the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) and demonstrate that CDs can also activate this structurally unrelated channel. Since CDs can open the least tension-sensitive MS channel, MscL, they should be able to open any MS channel that responds to membrane tension. Thus, CDs emerge as a universal tool for the structural and functional characterization of unrelated MS channels.

Soft electronics are rising electronic technologies towards applications spanning from healthcare monitoring to medical implants. However, poor adhesion strength and significant mechanical mismatches inevitably cause the interface failure of devices. Herein we report a self-adhesive conductive polymer that possesses low modulus (56.1-401.9 kPa), high stretchability (700%), high interfacial adhesion (lap-shear strength >1.2 MPa), and high conductivity (1-37 S/cm). The self-adhesive conductive polymer is fabricated by doping the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) composite with a supramolecular solvent (β-cyclodextrin and citric acid). We demonstrated the solution process-based fabrication of self-adhesive conductive polymer-based electrodes for various soft devices, including alternating current electroluminescent devices, electromyography monitoring, and an integrated system for the visualization of electromyography signals during muscle training with an array of alternating current electroluminescent devices. The self-adhesive conductive polymer-based electronics show promising features to further develop wearable and comfortable bioelectronic devices with the physiological electric signals of the human body readable and displayable during daily activities. Poor adhesion and mechanical mismatches may cause interface failure of soft devices. Here, authors report a supramolecular solvent-doped, soft, adhesive, yet conductive polymer composite for stretchable, wearable, and comfortable electronic devices.

Fluconazole is an antifungal medication that exhibits limited solubility and might cause severe adverse effects when used orally. An endeavour was undertaken to enhance solubility by the utilisation of the solid dispersion technique. Six formulations were created utilising the solvent evaporation method, with β-cyclodextrin and Polyvinyl pyrollidone (PVP) serving as carriers. The water solubility, and in-vitro release characteristics of all solid dispersions were assessed and compared. The optimised formulation (F-2) was subsequently added to aloevera gel. The prepared gel was assessed for several parameters including percentage yield, assay, pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, release, in-vitro kinetics, and stability studies. The gel formulation was determined to have a pH of 6.1. The viscosity was measured to be 5882.82 centipoise (cp) and exhibited favourable spreadability and extrudability. The drug content of the optimal formulation reached 96.31%, accompanied by a drug release rate of 96.5%. Therefore, including a complex into a gel can be a promising approach to enhance the solubility and effectiveness of a poorly water-soluble medication, while also boosting its antifungal action.

Reduced graphene oxide containing Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles was decorated with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to construct a novel nanocomposite (3D-rGO/Fe 3 O 4 /HP-β-CD). The composite was placed on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to design an electrochemical sensor for detecting simultaneously serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and ascorbic acid (AA). The interconnected porous reduced graphene oxide framework tightly anchored to the Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles warrants good electrical conductivity and efficient catalytic activity. The HP-β-CD acts as a supramolecular host with high recognition ability for 5-HT, DA and AA. Well-separated oxidation peaks and increased peak currents were observed for 5-HT, DA, and AA individually and in mixtures by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The following figures of merit were found for simultaneous electrochemical determination of 5-HT, DA, and AA: (a) Well separated peaks at around 0.316, 0.16 and − 0.044 V; (b) linear responses in the 0.01 – 25 μM, 0.02 – 25 μM and 10 – 350 μM; (c) detection limits of 3.3 nM, 6.7 nM and 3.3 μM (S/ N  = 3), and (d) recoveries of 96.9-103%, 97.3%-102% and 96.3-105% from spiked serum samples, respectively. All relative standard deviation (RSD) are less than 4%. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of simultaneous detecting serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) for three-dimensional reduced-graphene oxide/Fe 3 O 4 /hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (3D-rGO/Fe 3 O 4 /HP-β-CD) by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) approach.

Herein, we report a strategy to construct highly efficient perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) adsorbents by installing synergistic electrostatic/hydrophobic sites onto porous organic polymers (POPs). The constructed model material of PAF-1-NDMB (NDMB = N,N-dimethyl-butylamine) demonstrates an exceptionally high PFOA uptake capacity over 2000 mg g −1 , which is 14.8 times enhancement compared with its parent material of PAF-1. And it is 32.0 and 24.1 times higher than benchmark materials of DFB-CDP (β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-based polymer network) and activated carbon under the same conditions. Furthermore, PAF-1-NDMB exhibits the highest k 2 value of 24,000 g mg −1 h −1 among all reported PFOA sorbents. And it can remove 99.99% PFOA from 1000 ppb to <70 ppt within 2 min, which is lower than the advisory level of Environmental Protection Agency of United States. This work thus not only provides a generic approach for constructing PFOA adsorbents, but also develops POPs as a platform for PFOA capture. The performance of adsorbents for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal often suffers from long equilibrium times, weak binding affinities and poor stability. Here the authors report a highly efficient PFOA adsorbents by functionalizing porous organic polymers with electrostatic and hydrophobic binding sites.

Naringenin, a flavonoid compound which exists abundantly in fruits, is proven to possess excellent antitussive and expectorant effects. However, the clinical applications of naringenin are restricted by its poor solubility and low local concentration by oral administration. The aim of the present study is to prepare a naringenin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (naringenin-HPβCD) inclusion as an inhalation solution for pulmonary delivery. The naringenin-HPβCD inclusion was characterized by phase solubility study, XRD, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( HNMR), and two-dimensional rotating frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D ROESY). The in vitro permeability of the inclusion was evaluated on Calu-3 cells and the pharmacokinetic profile of pulmonary delivery was investigated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Based on the linear model of phase solubility study, the relationship between naringenin and HPβCD was identified as A type with a 1:1 stoichiometry. XRD, DSC, and NMR studies indicated that the entire naringenin molecule is encapsulated into the cavity of HPβCD. HPβCD could increase the concentration of naringenin in the epithelium-lining fluid (ELF) of Calu-3 cells and act as a sustained release system for naringenin. The pharmacokinetic profile of naringenin-HPβCD inclusion showed rapid response and higher local concentration by pulmonary delivery. In conclusion, pulmonary delivery of naringenin-HPβCD inclusion is a promising formulation strategy, which could provide a new possibility for the clinical application of naringenin.