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"الأمن الدولي"
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International Security Theories between Rational Interpretations and Reflective
The main aim of this study is to achieve a scientific simulation applied to the subject of international security by creating a cumulative knowledge in the theoretical construction of security studies. This is done based on the principle of communicativity, shaping and forming knowledge from a perspective, and formulating important methodological and theoretical contexts to understand the trends of transformation in global politics from another perspective. Considering that research in this field is a scientific response to a profound problem in international relations, focusing on the effectiveness of perspectives in interpreting international policies from a specific standpoint (such as security). The study concludes that the new engineering in security studies should originate from the outcomes of reflective theoretical dialogue, especially concerning the security actor. It is crucial not to address the security issue according to an isolated diagnostic pattern that deals with international security based on the separation of the actor, structure, and subject.
Journal Article
التعاون الدولي الأمني
كتاب \"التعاون الدولي الأمني\" بإعداد الدكتور محمد محمد السيد الطوخي يتناول موضوع التعاون بين الدول في مجال الأمن. يقدم الكتاب تحليلا مفصلا حول كيفية تعزيز التعاون بين الدول لمواجهة التهديدات الأمنية المشتركة، يوضح الأسس والمفاهيم التي يرتكز عليها التعاون الأمني الدولي، وكيفية تنسيق الجهود بين الدول، يستعرض التهديدات الأمنية التي تواجه الدول على مستوى العالم، مثل الإرهاب، الجرائم العابرة للحدود، والأزمات الإنسانية، حيث يناقش الأساليب والآليات التي تستخدمها الدول والمنظمات الدولية للتعاون في مواجهة التهديدات الأمنية، بما في ذلك الاتفاقيات الأمنية والمنظمات الإقليمية والدولية.
A Comparative Theoretical Study of the Dynamics of Security Architecture in the Gulf Regional System since the Arab Uprisings 2011-2021
Objective: The study seeks to understand the dynamics of Gulf relations in the post-Arab Spring period from a comparative theoretical perspective. Methods: the study is built upon a comparative approach, where I am critically engaged with the mainstream theories in the field of International Relations (IR) namely neo-realism, neoliberal institutionalism, and the English school regarding the behavior of small states and the Arab Gulf region. Hypothetically, such a comparative approach could help us articulate and understand the regional (and international) dynamics and transformations that took place in the Arabian Gulf region in the last decade, away from the deeply political, charged, and biased writings that construct and produce the knowledge about the region. Results: The results show that compared to neoliberal institutionalism and the English school in IR, neorealism represents the most comprehensive theoretical alternative capable of articulating the complex dynamics of the security, strategic and political architectures of the Arab Gulf, and international relations of the Gulf countries. Conclusion: Due to structural features of the Gulf \"security\" system, the regional balance of power, and heavily loaded security considerations of the region, the neorealist approach is the most appropriate for understanding the dynamics of Gulf-Gulf relations in the post-revolution stage.
Journal Article
Arab Spring Time fot the UN Security Council
Objective: The paper seeks to examine the possibility of amending the UN Charter, especially reforming the Security Council in view of its failure during the Arab Spring, Despite the Council's accomplishment in the Libyan case, it failed to deal with the events of the Arab Spring in Egypt, Tunisia, Yemen and Syria. Methodology: The study mainly relied on the approach of the international system as well as the descriptive analytical approach. Observation of Arab Spring, as an experimental case, was implemented to mainly evaluate the Libyan and Syrian cases in order to reveal the fundamental differences in the mechanisms used by the UN Security Council to protect innocent civilians in the two states, Results: The study's main findings were: (l) UNSC's role during the Arab Spring period was very limited, narrow and characterized by double standards; (2) Standards of credibility, legitimacy and efficiency need thorough examination which requires an urgent reconsideration of the role assumed by the security council to maintain international peace and security, Conclusion: The Arab Spring represented a golden opportunity to amend the UN's Charter by expanding the permanent membership to include Germany, Brazil, Japan and India, which may lead to more credibility and efficiency and create a balance that makes it difficult to dominate decision-making either individually or bilaterally.
Journal Article
Revisiting Veto Power in the Context of Atrocity Crimes
The excessive, abusive use of veto power during the war in Syria has prompted the international community to seek ways to overcome this veto power, mainly when doing so is necessary to prevent atrocities. The use of veto power to advance the national or regional interests as well as the economic, political, or strategic interests of a Security Council's permanent member state on a way that impair a vital humanitarian interest of a state under conflict or the international community as a whole, undermines the Security Council's role to maintain the international peace and security. This usage may also affect other states' compliance with the veto power. In other words, the veto system could eventually lose its effectiveness if the international community continues to find justifications to non-compliance with the veto. This paper sheds light on events that have occurred during the Syrian war that give rise to Grotian Moments, or have the potential to do so, to create new customary international law rules governing the use of the veto power. Furthermore, this paper sorts out the principles invoked during those events as legal justifications to restrict or overthrow the veto power. Moreover, this paper identifies legal circumstances to facilitate any discussions regarding setting limitations on or obstructions to veto power in the context of atrocities. This research stresses the importance of determining a proper environment to overcome the veto power. This environment consists of unified, clear, and fair circumstances acceptable to all states, regardless of whether they are permanent or non-permanent members of the Security Council. Therefore, this proposal seeks to advance the legal system governing the use of the veto power for fighting brutality.
Journal Article
الأمن الدولي بين المفهومين الثابت والمتغير
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى محاولة توضيح مفهوم السلم والأمن الدوليين باعتباره هدفا أسمى يسعى المجتمع الدولي إلى إدراكه وتحقيقه، فهو ثابت لارتباطه بمفهوم سيادة الدولة، وفي الوقت ذاته طرأت على العلاقات الدولية مستجدات تلزم الدول ضرورة التكتل لمواجهتها، كحماية الأفراد من التهديدات المزمنة، ومن التدهور المفاجأ والضار في الحياة اليومية. فالواقع الدولي يلزم المجتمع الدولي ضرورة خلق آليات قانونية لتحديد مفهوم الأمن الإنساني وتوفير الحماية اللازمة له. كما أن ميثاق الأمم المتحدة. الذي يظل الضمانة القانونية لصيانة السلم والأمن- قد تبني آليات وقائية لحماية السلم والأمن الدوليين وآليات علاجية لذلك. غير أن العمل الدولي يحتم إعادة النظر في طريقة عمل مجلس الأمن الدولي على أساس إعادة توزيع السلطات لحماية مصالح المجتمع الدولي كوحدة واحدة.
Journal Article